Innovations

Abstract

: The research analyzes limitations of democracy in enforcing its values and institutions in countries that have authoritarian leaders. The study delves into the political landscape of Cameroon, where leadership operates in absolute authoritarianism. It investigates electoral deficiencies and manipulations, which hinders democratic process. The research reveals that despite claims of electoral reforms in undemocratic nations, opposition parties struggle against electoral frauds. The research concludes that democracy's implementation in authoritarian regimes is compromised by concentration of power and lack of genuine oppositions, leading to a hybrid political system that exhibits authoritarian tendencies flourishing with ease within democratic structures; in other words democracy helping authoritarians to attain legitimacy.  

Abstract

Contamination of dental water lines is a cause of concern in dentistry due to rapid development of biofilms within them. Through the years there have been reports regarding the involvement of water from dental chairs to be the suspected cause of afflictions in patients. This study was conducted to compare the disinfection of DUWL using 0.5% of Sodium Hypochlorite, 0.12 % Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Flushing with Distilled Water and Plain tap water. Their effect on bacterial load in DUWL was assessed by evaluating the Total colony count in the water lines.  Disinfection with Sodium Hypochlorite proved to be the most effective method of all those analyzed in the present study. The data obtained by the study can be utilized to tailor make disinfection solutions of Dental unit water lines taking into consideration the local factors.  

Abstract

Problem: Blood cultures are an extremely important tool that is employed as one of the gold standard tests in the diagnosis and management of nosocomial bacteremia among hospitalized patients. If the laboratory exercise is done with too much caution, then more negative impacts will be recorded in the process of blood culturing. Methodology: The main objective of this study is to determine the etiological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of blood cultures. An observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Tiruchirappalli, India, where a total of 359 blood samples were cultured bacteriologically and analyzed. Aerobic culture bottles were inoculated with blood samples and incubated in the BACTEC FX40 system till they flashed a positive signal, or for a maximum of 5 days. Positive signal bottles were processed for etiological identification and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns. The subjected blood samples were blood culture samples from clinically suspected bacteremia patients ranging in age from newborn to 91 years. Findings: In our study, we found a male predominance of 62%. Out of which, the 41–50 age group had the highest positivity rate of 29%. Culture-positive cases were 68, which gives a percentage of 19% positivity. While determining the bacterial etiology, Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli showed 24 and 76%, respectively; further analysis reported Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli predominated. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern among Gram-positive strains showed high resistance to Penicillin (50%), Clindamycin (46%), Erythromycin (43%), and Ciprofloxacin (43%), while Gram-negative strains showed 41, 37, and 36% resistance to Amoxyclav, Ceftrioxone, and Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of bacterial culture auditing, starting from the method of culturing to reporting the etiology and resistance pattern to establish the institutional antibiotic policy and develop stewardship.  

Abstract

Purpose: The study investigated how information technology has impacted the responsiveness of the telecommunication industry, Airtel, South East, Nigeria Methodology/approach:  The study used a correlational survey design, with copies ofthe questionnaire serving as the main data collection tool. The total sample size for the study was 131 employees. A probability simple random sampling technique was used to distribute the survey. Primary data were gathered using a face-to-face, researchers-administered structured questionnaire made using a Likert scale with five possible outcomes. The data was statistically tested, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to analyze the relationship between one variable and another. Result/Findings: The result of research hypothesis one indicates that a unit rise in teleconferencing applications results in a 0.996 increase in employee responsiveness at a 5 % level of significance. The result of research hypothesis two revealed that a unit increase in internet applications results in a 0.865 increase in service quality at a 5 % level of significance. The researchers suggest businesses provide opportunities for their employees' ongoing education and training, so they can gain the most recent credentials and expertise in their field. Limitations: This study is restricted to five states in South East Nigeria that have Telecommunication Centers. Contribution: The study established a gap in the conceptual framework relating the variables of information technology (teleconferencing software, internet) and responsiveness (service quality). This current study aims to close the conceptual and geographic coverage gaps in the literature.  Practical Implications: The outcome of this study would help policymakers push forinvestments in opportunities for lifelong learning and promote collaborations between businesses, governments, and educational institutions. Novelty: This study contributed to the body of knowledge by identifying gaps in the literature and geographic coverage.   

Abstract

This research paper aimed to investigate factors affecting the performance of projects implemented by the Ministry of Water Resources Development, Somaliland. In order to meet the objectives of the study, data collected through primary sources. The study employed descriptive research design and the information was gathered from the target population.  Purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondents and 108 responses returned form the targeted 112 respondents, indicating a response rate of 96.5%. The researcher analyzed the data using statistical analysis such as descriptive and inferential statistics. Mean and Standard deviation were employed to explain the descriptive statistics while Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression applied to explain inferential statistics. The findings revealed that, organizational culture, project management culture and project manager factors are the key factors that affect the performance of the projects in the ministry. They also revealed that these factors have a great positive significant effect on the performance of the projects.  The study concluded that an improved situation in the independent variables is the source of increased project performance. Following that, the study recommends for the ministry to take the development of the organizational culture, the project management culture and the project managers into consideration to improve the projects’ performance and produce productive outcomes. It also suggests for the project managers to encourage teamwork to keep staff focused on the value of collaboration by participating in the project and setting an example as the teamwork is essential to the project since many initiatives include the collaboration of numerous people or departments.  Finally, the study recommends for the ministry to create records management system that stores projects’ records for future use.  

Abstract

In this paper a new class of fuzzy neutrosophic supra topological space, namely fuzzy neutrosophic supra -nowhere dense set and fuzzy neutrosophic supra Dense -spaces, are introduced and studied. Several characterizations of fuzzy neutrosophic supra -nowhere dense set and fuzzy neutrosophic supra Dense -spaces, are established. The condition under which fuzzy neutrosophic supra -nowhere dense set become fuzzy neutrosophic supra nowhere dense set, fuzzy neutrosophic supra residual set, fuzzy neutrosophic supra first category and fuzzy neutrosophic supra -spaces, are obtained.  

Abstract

Background: Numerous endodontic mishaps can be seen during root canal procedures. One frequent consequence of improper use or excessive use of the instrument is the separation of the endodontic instrument. Case presentation: We report the case of a failed attempt to manage a separated endodontic instrument non-surgically by a private dentist, which resulted in extrusion of the instrument beyond the root apex. This article describes a successful surgical procedure (apicectomy) for removing a broken endodontic instrument from periapical tissue. Novel material such as amniotic membrane was used for apexification of traumatized immature right and left maxillary central incisor. Conclusion: The clinical and radiographic evaluation done during the follow up visits at 1, 3 and 6, a progressive root growth with apical closure was seen. Apicectomy and Aesthetic restorations had successful outcomes.  

Abstract

This study focused on human capital development and service delivery of tertiary health institutions in South-South, Nigeria. The study aimed to ascertain the effect of the number of qualified specialists in a particular field on the quality of service delivery, and determine the effect of in-house training on the incidence of prescription by medical resident officers of tertiary hospitals. This study employed descriptive survey design. The population of the investigation was made up of the healthcare providers and clinical personnel of selected federal tertiary hospitals. 360 participants were selected for the survey. The study used a well-structured questionnaire. We ensured the validity of the measuring instrument through a panel of two experts. To confirm the reliability of this instrument, an initial study was carried out at the six tertiary hospitals, employing the test-retest approach, involving 24 participants from these institutions in the south-south region, with four participants from each hospital. Results from analysis indicated that the Cronbach's alpha coefficient values exceeded the 0.7 benchmark. The data obtained in this study was analysed using descriptive statistics. Inferential statistics were employed to enhance the scientific investigation of the objectives of the study. The study used a regression model for data analysis, from which inferences were made. Findings revealed that the number of qualified specialists has a significant positive effect on the quality of service delivery in tertiary hospitals, and that in-house training has a significant positive effect on the incidence of prescriptions by medical resident officers in tertiary hospitals. The study concluded that specialist numbers, in-house training, and collaboration with visiting medical experts have crucial roles in enhancing the quality of service delivery, effective prescription patterns, and proficiency of performing complex medical procedures in tertiary hospitals. It is recommended that healthcare institutions prioritise the recruitment and retention of a diverse and competent team of specialists, and that healthcare institutions establish structured and comprehensive in-house training programs.  

Abstract

Every citizen is constitutionally required to pay taxes to the government in order for it to meet its commitments in the areas of defense, education, public health, law and justice, infrastructure, et cetera. Taxation is a substantial source of government revenue in the majority of countries. Taxes are also very important to a country's economic progress. Tax evasion refers to any illegal activity undertaken by taxpayers in order to avoid paying taxes. The purpose of this research is a thorough investigation of the determinants of tax evasion in the case of Hawassa city taxpayers. The current study collected data from 300 respondents using structured questionnaires. The garnered data has been analyzed using various statistical approaches, such as percentages, correlations, and regression analysis. The empirical results reveal many factors that force taxpayers to avoid tax payments, including but not limited to age, perceived roles of governments, complexity of tax systems, income level, gender, education and probability of detection,. As a result, it was established that tax evasion had substantially lowered revenues for the government in the city in particular and Ethiopia in general. Based on the evaluations made above, proposals for policy were made to reduce instances of tax evasion.  

Abstract

Background: Odontology as a specific field has emerged recently, playing pivotal role in various other areas related to it. Since tooth is a calcified structure and resistance to varying temperatures & traumas, making it perfect as a useful tool in various studies and investigations. Maxillary incisor with deep and large lingual fossa and prominent mesial and distal marginal ridges are called shovel shaped incisor. Due to distal displacement, the mesial ridge is slight longer than the distal marginal ridge. Aims an Objectives: The present study was undertaken to identify the different shovelling patterns in incisors among different populations residing in Lucknow india. Materials and Methods:  600 total females (300 each) from two different caste populations – Brahmin and Rajput were taken under study. The Hardik scale was used to categorize the degree of shovelling in incisors. Results:The study Indicates that shovelling patterns were more pronounced in Rajput females than the Brahmins counterpart. Clinical significance: The present study on the shovelling pattern of Incisors may prove to be a useful tool for personal identification in forensic dentistry and mass disaster victimidentification.  

Abstract

The administration and management of urban transport has become an urgent need, in the context of the increasing congestion problems and the environmental and economic damage, resulting from rapid urban expansion witnessed by the Algerian cities in recent times, in order to achieve prosperity and quality of urban life. It became necessary to use the tools of modern technology, which administrative and technical departments are seeking to use primarily to support ways of decision-making and actions required. Boosted by high capabilities in the statistical data and other information is stored, and coordination and tabulation, with the possibility of installation and analysis by operations. Especially against the inability of traditional methods, which have become less able to cope with the changes that led to the urban dynamic currently experienced by urban communities in our country.This research aims to employ geographic information systems in the administration and management of the urban transport network, facing both the population and the local administration of the city of Setif . Which was chosen as a model for major Algerian cities, which is suffering more than ever of transportation bottlenecks, as well as the unintended damage for these networks and other networks. Hence the importance of the subject of our research, which aims to use GIS MapInfo systems as a means to snipe (Data Capture) and storage (Data Storage) and address (Data Processing) and directed by spatial information (Spatial Data) and link them to the descriptive information (Attribute Data). To develop a modern digital data and charts the base of each of these elements of the urban service lines equipment and mechanisms, ... etc. As a tool available to those creating and carrying out urban spaces, as well as decision-makers. It was concluded that the possibilities offered by this system would facilitate the processes of monitoring and management in order to ensure the quality of the service.  

Abstract

The qualitative and quantitative image statistics plays a crucial role in medical image analysis. The data can be extracted using the machine learning techniques, containing the maximum information of the image based on their distinctive contrast, texture, or intensity fluctuations, tumors, lesions, or other pathological diseases can be recognised statistically. The term "image statistics" refers to the numerical measurements and traits that are employed to characterize the qualities and arrangement of pixel values inside an image. In this work, different texture analyses are applied and verified for the effective analysis of medical images. By using advanced applications we can even extract the data more efficiently.  

Abstract

India is the first country in the world to make CSR practices mandatory for certain companies after the implementation of Indian Companies Act, 2013. There are number of Public and Private sector companies engaging CSR practices towards the social and economic development of the country. The present study is an attempt to analyze the association of CSR initiatives undertaken by Public and Private sector companies operating in Odisha. The study examined the areas where companies are expending CSR amount as notified (2% average Net profit) under CSR policy towards socio-economic development in Odisha region during the last five years.  

Abstract

The study examined the management of personnel services and the goal attainment nexus in universities in Nigeria. To meet the study's goal, three research questions were posed and three hypotheses were developed. According to the subvariables, related literature was reviewed. A correlational research design was used in this study. A total of 141 department heads from Cross River State's two public universities were chosen for the study. In sample selection, the census sampling technique was applied. The questionnaire titled Management of Personnel Services and Goals Attainment in University Questionnaire (MPSGAUQ) was used to collect data. Experts in higher education administration, the Department of Educational Management and Measurements and Evaluation, and the Department of Educational Foundation at the University of Calabar were employed to evaluate the research instrument based on content and face validity. Cronbach reliability analysis was used, and the results ranged from 0.72 to 0.91 indexed. The statistics obtained were subjected to analysis using simple linear regression analysis and percentages at the.05. level of significance. The results revealed that the management of staff recruitment services, staff training and development services, and staff wages and salary administration significantly predicted goals attainment in the universities in terms of knowledge acquisition, curriculum content, social development, and the overall goals attainment of the public universities in Nigeria. The study recommended, among others, that the university management should give staff training and development opportunities to develop their careers as well as make adequate provision for staff motivation and welfare services.  

Abstract

Objective: This review paper aims to provide insights into the awareness of generic drugs among consumers, challenges in the adoption of generic drugs identified in various studies conducted in different countries, and proposed remedies to make generic drugs more available, accessible, and affordable to consumers. Generic drugs, produced and marketed by entities other than the original innovators, are often priced significantly lower than branded drugs. However, patients sometimes exhibit reluctance towards generic versions. This article reviews findings, challenges, and potential solutions recorded in past research from sources like PubMed and Google Scholar. Data: Generic drugs are a vital component of healthcare affordability and accessibility, aligning with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. We explore historical and evolving concepts of generic drugs, challenges posed by patenting, and the overarching issue of catastrophic medical expenditures. Study Selection: This review compiles information from diverse online sources, research articles, and review papers related to generic drugs. Conclusion: While generic drugs are equally effective and more affordable, consumers' awareness and perceptions often present barriers to adoption. Factors such as age, education level, health literacy, income, and trust in prescribers influence willingness to accept generic drugs. Country-specific healthcare policies, prescription regulatory frameworks, and reimbursement mechanisms also affect adoption. Addressing the perception of generic drugs, increasing knowledge, and improving educational interventions can enhance adoption. Making the prescription guidelines more binding and updating legal frameworks for generic substitution are essential steps. Generic drugs are a powerful tool for making healthcare more accessible and affordable, but these challenges must be overcome to realize their full potential.  

Abstract

This paper delves into the landscape of continuing education for university librarians in Hebei Province, focusing on best practices and challenges faced during this journey. In the midst of rapidly evolving academic and technological landscapes, continuing education emerges as a fundamental pillar for the growth and proficiency of librarians. The study meticulously examines existing literature, integrating insights from both experts and practitioners in the field. Moreover, it incorporates findings from a comprehensive analysis of continuing education effectiveness. Key challenges identified through this synthesis encompass resource limitations, tailoring education to professional needs, securing institutional support, technological preparedness, and sustaining engagement. Building upon these insights, recommendations are put forth, advocating for strategic resource allocation, tailored educational approaches, seamless technological integration, and the cultivation of a culture of continuous learning. This study strongly advocates for proactive measures to address these challenges and optimize continuing education strategies, ensuring librarians are thoroughly equipped to navigate the evolving demands of the academic landscape.  

Abstract

This study extensively examined the monitoring and management of teaching quality in the dynamic higher education context at Hebei University of Engineering. The investigation, based on qualitative interviews and thematic analysis, revealed the underlying strategies and challenges in the educational environment. The study identified four effective strategies: optimizing classroom content, fostering student leadership in learning activities, providing guidance on the quality of students' education, and developing teachers. These strategies are closely aligned with existing literature and emphasize a holistic approach to improving the quality of teaching and learning. Three main challenges are also highlighted: resistance to change, inadequacies in the system of evaluation of teaching quality, and lack of incentives for teachers. These challenges coincide with previous research, emphasizing their key role as barriers to effective teaching quality management. To address these issues, we offer targeted recommendations for Hebei University of Engineering. These recommendations include targeted professional development, robust evaluation systems, meaningful incentives, student-centered approaches, mentorship programs, technology integration, and adept change management. The implementation of these recommendations is expected to foster a culture of teaching excellence and ultimately improve the educational journey for both educators and students. In addition, the results of the quantitative analysis presented in the table reinforce the identified strategies and challenges and provide further insights to guide schools in achieving optimal instructional quality. Specifically, a focus on improving content adaptability, pedagogical methods, and instructional efficiencies is integral to enhancing the overall educational experience at Hebei University of Engineering.

Abstract

Management education is widely recognized as an important part of the total education and training system. It includes a variety of different aspects apart from just inculcating functional skills and developing students' minds as a depository of necessary facts and tools. The purpose of Management Educational Institutions(MEIs) is to produce global business management professionals, entrepreneurs, consultants, and academicians to keep pace with existing and emerging global business scenarios. In order to cope with the changing business scenario and respond to the corporate demands of the modern knowledge era, the institutions have created sectoral markets by offering demand-driven innovative management programs focusing on service sectors such as government, agriculture and rural development, education system, environment, and so on. This research paper tries to explore the human resource management practices in management educational institutions (Business Schools) .  

Abstract

One’s perception towards the blended learning approach (BLA) determines its successful implementation. Thus, the current study investigated into the instructors’ & students’ perceptions on the implementation of blended learning approach (BLA) in communicative English language skills 1 (CELS1) course. Hence, the respondents of the current study were 48 EFL instructors & 44 freshmen students from the stream of social science (SSc). All of the 48 instructors were purposively selected from the department of English language & literature for the perception questionnaire (PQ) due to proximity of the subject matter & discipline of the research. However, among the 48 instructors, 8 were systematically selected again for the FGD. To get the exact participants, every Nth (6th) population were taken according to the payroll list of the institution under the descriptive research design. On the other hand, one section students of SSc stream were randomly selected for the PQ among the total sections of 15 in a lottery method. The selected section was consisted of 44 freshmen students (Males = 31 & Females = 13) who attended the class in the first semester of 2022. Meanwhile, the data collected from the focus group discussion were analyzed qualitatively in a form of statement. However, the data collected from the perceptions questionnaire (PQ) were analyzed quantitatively in assistance with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The thematic results then revealed that, both the instructors & the students had positive perceptions towards the implementation of blended learning approach (BLA)in communicative English language skills 1 (CELS1) course sessions. Because, its implementation makes teaching & learning environment more conducive, saves the time & money of both the students & the instructors which is wasted in preparation of handouts & jotting down the notes. Therefore, the country’s Ministry of Science & Higher Education (MOSHE) should consider the implementation of e-integrated instructions while designing curriculums of educational sectors.  

Abstract

The educational performance plays a vital role in classifying the student in higher education. The student performance affects various factors like the learning process, personal and social. This paper demonstrates the impact of student positive or negative performance on student success which is very helpful in the education domain. Here the most commonly used prediction algorithms were LWL, random forest and bagging. After applying these three algorithms we present a novel model Student prediction ratio (SDR). Comparison of both SDR model and giving three classification techniques shows the prediction of student performance and we predict the student dropout rate related to giving dataset, which is collected from questionnaire, Google form and circulated in many schools. For this we also have to collect big and authentic data which can be done through the uniform district information system for education (UDISE). And present we take here five year datasets session 2018-2023. This is helpful for academic progress.   

Abstract

While public health made rapid strides in the western world, its progress has been slow in the developing countries such as India, where the main health problems continue to be those faced by the western world 100yrs ago. So Ayurveda provides public health through Dinacharya & Rtucharya which are well explained in Ayurveda which are daily regimen & seasonal regimen. In this starting from waking up from bed in the Brahmi muhurta to safe guard his own life to night sleep and all seasonal regimens were well explained in Ayurveda. Apart from this sadvritha  and achara rasayana also been explained in Ayurveda to promote good health. It is very useful for Disease control and health promotion. To keep fit one should be very alert at every movement one must understand the importance of biological or circadian rhythm. The environmental changes every now and then i.e morning afternoon, evening, day and night, summer, rainy and winter seasons too. In order to keep healthy each person must try to adjust with these constant changes. In today’s hectic and materialistic culture, rarely and person gets the time to think of his own health and fitness. Hence many people think that this life style is not possible to follow. But this is totally a wrong concept every one of us should at least understand the importance and benefits of ideal lifestyle and our best to follow. Aim of the study:  Prevention is better than cure, Ayurveda gives utmost importance to prevention of diseases & maintain positive health through Dinacharya and Rtucharya i.e daily regime and seasonal regimen.  

Abstract

The study investigated the relationship between religious inclination and entrepreneurial intentions in North-Central, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted. The population of the study were church leaders who are members of the Pentecostal Fellowship in North Central Nigeria. Cochran’s formula for infinite population was used to draw a sample size of 384. Primary data were collected through the administration of questionnaire. The questionnaire was structured in five-point Likert scale. The hypotheses was tested using partial least squares – structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results showed religious inclination had significant relationship with social entrepreneurial intentions. Also, religious inclination had significant relationship with commercial entrepreneurial intentions amongst Pentecostal leaders in North-Central Nigeria. The study recommended that Pentecostal Churches should encourage the integration of entrepreneurial training and education within their congregations as well as provide religious leaders and members with the necessary skills and knowledge for successful entrepreneurship can help them realize their business aspirations while staying aligned with their faith.  

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ perceptions of empowering leadership among primary and secondary school principals. The sample comprised 63 teachers from two primary and four secondary schools in Sabah and Sarawak who completed a questionnaire online. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0.Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed no significant differences in teachers’ perceptions of empowering leadership by way of age and years of experience, whileMann-Whitney U test showed no significant differences in terms of gender and type of school. Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that 35 of the items were significant at ap-value of 0.05.Group means showed that principals were perceived to be average in leading by example, informing and showing concern or interacting with staff. They were viewed as low in coaching and participative decision-making. With regard to their principals’ leadership, the participants (teachers) demonstrated more than 80 percent agreement ("Often" and "Always") on four out of five questionnaire items for Dimension 1 (leading), three out of 11 items for Dimension 2 (coaching), one out of five items for Dimension 3 (informing) and two out of nine items for Dimension 4 (sharing concerns or interacting with teachers) respectively. However, none of the teachers exhibited more than 80 percent agreement on any of the six items within the last dimension (participative decision-making). In light of the findings, some recommendations were made on ways to improve empowering leadership among principals.  

Abstract

The study examined the effect of green supply chain management on marketing performance of Unilever Nigeria Plc. The study's research design approach was a cross-sectional survey method used in this study.Stratified random sampling technique was used for the study. Structured questionnaire was the research instrument used for the study. The population of the study comprised of 1,252 employees of Unilever Nigeria Plc, Lagos, Nigeria. The sample sizeused for the study consisted of 291 employees of the company. Copies of validated structured questionnaire were used for data collection. A test-retest approach was utilized to determine the research instrument's reliability. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis are the statistical techniques of data analysis used. Findings showed that reverse logistics, green purchasing and product eco-design have significant positive relationship with marketing performance. The study concluded that green supply chain management practice has positive effect on marketing performance. It was recommended that companies need to invest substantial resources in decreasing their environmental effect, creating and implementing alternative techniques, minimizing energy usage, simplifying packaging, and increasing the use of recycled material, among other things.  

Abstract

Logistic model used for epidemiological studies usually covers binary response with covariates contaminated with error and collinearity. The regression violations (measurement error and collinearity) in no small affect statistical model making estimates  statistically fallacious(bias, wide confidence interval, incorrect interpretation of hypothesis testing, convergence problem). This study is aimed at proposing Bayesian approach to jointly investigate the effect of varying degree of contaminated normal distribution in covariate under linear collinearity. The error variables with reliability values(0, 1) were linearly correlated.  The results show that the Bayesian estimates are performing well at high varying degree of reliability values in support of the report of Bartlett and Keogh(2018). The posterior estimates are however not unbiased at fixed sample size where the covariates are incorrectly specified and correlated. Conclusively, the acceptably prefered reliability value for Bayesian estimation of logistic model with basic violations is 0.7.  

Abstract

  This study investigates how primary school teachers in Ekiti State, Nigeria, currently conduct school-based assessments in their various schools. All the primary school teachers in the three senatorial districts of the state constituted the study's population, and the research design was descriptive survey research. A stratified sampling technique was used to select 210 elementary school teachers as the sample. A school-based assessment questionnaire (SBAQ) developed by the researchers was used to gather all the necessary data for the study. Experts in testing and measurement confirmed the instrument's validity, calculating the instrument's reliability to be 0.81 via the Pearson moment correlation coefficient. The collected data were used to verify the veracity of the hypotheses using the mean, standard deviation, and t-test at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings demonstrated, among other things, that teachers in primary schools understand the criteria for evaluating student progress towards learning goals, maintain accurate records of students' progress, and adapt their teaching methods to align with school-based assessment policy. The research also found that school-based assessment practices among primary school teachers were not significantly different on the basis of gender but significantly different on the basis of teachers’ qualifications.  

Abstract

The paper is based on literature review on sustainability of Farmers’ Producer Companies. The FPO movement, which has been around for 20 years, is still in its infancy, with the majority of attention going into the development of under the cooperative and producers' company statutes, of commodity-specific FPOs. The Ministry of Agriculture's Department of Agriculture and Cooperation established the Farmer Producer Organisation, which was one of their key projects, in an effort to address these issues. The main reason for the formation of producer businesses was to take advantage of backward and forward linkages in order to study the problems that impact sustainability research.  The strategy aims to develop a sustainable agricultural sector with the assistance of the government, NGOs, and other organisations, which may improve output and collectivise farmers in order to lower transaction costs and so raise the income of the farmers. Involving farmers in the value chain, solving marketing challenges, and supporting farmers' entrepreneurial spirit are some of the key concepts of government policy related to the agriculture industry in recent years. Only a few studies have been done on social sustainability, and more work is needed to combine all three aspects of  sustainability for FPOs. The study brings out the factors that affect sustainability and its need to be studied in detail.  

Abstract

As you can see, it commonly happens that certain borrowers are unable to make loan repayments on time each year. As a result, we have proposed methodology aims to identify the appropriate individual for loan allocation. "Machine Learning Predictive Models" can be used to overcome the existing issues. It solves the problem by analyzing the collected data set and training it using one of the monitored “Machine Learning Algorithms, such as Logistic Regression Algorithm, Random Forest Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier".

Abstract

Aim and objective: To conservatively manage foreign objects like separated instruments within the pulp space with the help of CBCT. Background: Foreign objects entangled in the root canal space required to be removed as it can pose a complication encountered in endodontic retreatment and may risk the supporting tissues. In most cases, the entangled foreign is tried to retrieve or bypassed. Case presentation: In this case report, conservative approach has been advocated for the retrieval of metal posts and cotton from upper anterior teeth to ease the retreatment procedure. This conservative approach released the entangled metal posts, and further the periapical infection was resolved by a regenerative technique using amniotic membrane after which the endodontic treatment was completed successfully. Conclusion: A 2-year follow-up of the case ensured complete healing of periapical lesion clinically and radiographically. Clinical significance: Use of magnification and regenerative material like amniotic membrane has change the course of the treatment of this case from surgical intervention to conservative approach. This procedure has given a light to improve the success of the treatment with minimal invasive approach. Trial registration: 'retrospectively registered'.  

Abstract

The study examined E-Learning Platform Utilization and Business Education Curriculum Content Delivery at River State Universities (RSU). To drive the investigation, two research questions were posed and two hypotheses were developed. The participants in the research included 38 Business educators from the study area. Information was obtained using a 24-item questionnaire titled "Analysis of E-Learning Platform Utilization and Business Education Curriculum Content Delivery (AELPUBECCD)." The instrument's internal consistency yielded an overall coefficient of 0.81. Descriptive statistics and an independent t-test were used in the study analysis. The results demonstrated that E-platforms (Pinterest, TikTok, and LinkedIn) are not being effectively used in the teaching and learning of Business Education Curriculum Content. In accordance with the outcomes of the findings, it was found that gender, age, and year of service did not affect the lecturers overall use of the e-Learning platform for the delivery of business education curriculum content. Consequently, it was also suggested that both the State and federal governments should provide adequate resources to equip Nigeria's e-learning facilities in universities.

Abstract

HRD practices in selected private sector milk processing organizations in Nashik region were investigated with 99 respondents, of which 29 from management and 70 from employee category and accorded to almost all the HRD practices at very poor, poor and fair level and neither of them were rated outstanding, excellent or good category; indicating the need for a drastic intervention to bring about a change in existing HRD policy for the better result and needed to be strongly re-designing the HRD policy in order to sustain in global competition.  

Abstract

The study examined the digitalization of business education curriculum for the twenty-first century for global relevance in Nigeria. The survey research design was employed for the investigation. To accomplish the study's two aims, two research questions with corresponding hypotheses were used. The population consisted of 23 participants: fifteen (15) male and eight (8) female business educators from two universities in Ebonyi State, Abakaliki. The entire population was investigated since it was small enough to be studied as a whole. As a result, the census method was used to choose the respondents. The research was conducted at Ebonyi State University and Alex Ekwueme University in Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State. To lead the inquiry, a fourteen (16)-item questionnaire was created. The instrument for the study was a four-point scale questionnaire named "The Digitalization of Business Education Curriculum for the Twenty-First Century: Global Relevance in Nigeria (DBECCGR). The instrument was trial tested on 10 non-study participants at the University of Calabar, and the pilot test provided an overall coefficient of 0.81, indicating that the instrument was reliable for the research activity. The survey questionnaire was distributed to the 23 respondents, and all 23 copies were returned and analyzed using SPSS. The mean and standard deviation were utilized to answer the research question, and an independent t-test at the 0.05 level of significance was employed to evaluate the null hypothesis. The results show that business educators have opined that the curriculum should be digitalized to meet the migration of the world. However, the result equally revealed the challenges that could mitigate the digitalization of business education curriculum content for global relevance. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that, to engage in curriculum digitalization, university administration should provide both lecturers and students with the necessary technologies before migrating to an electronic curriculum.  

Abstract

Problems: Teachers’ competency in classroom assessment have been an issue of concern. Thus, the study sought to examine the level of teacher’s assessment competency as well as the effect of differential effect of demographic variables on their classroom  assessment competency. Method: The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design with a total of 1762 teachers as a sample. ‘‘The Teachers Classroom Assessment Competency Scale (TCACS)’’, developed by the researchers and validated through experts’ opinions, including content validity and reliability through Cronbach alpha, was used for the study. Means, standard deviations, independent t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance were used for data analysis.Findings: The findings of the study revealed that teacher’s competency in assessment is only found in their ability to plan, assemble, score, and provide feedback, but not in the construction, administration, or analysis of items of the test. The result also showed that teachers with higher years of experience (above 20 years) and educational qualifications (M.Ed. or M.Sc.) are more competent in classroom assessment compared to others, and male teachers differ from female teachers in their classroom assessment administration and item analysis, but female teachers are more competent in scoring and providing feedback to the learners. Conclusion: The finding provides insight for policymakers and teacher trainers to enhance classroom assessment practices.  

Abstract

The pursuit of improved well-being and posture has driven the exploration of biomechanics in ergonomic furniture design, merging principles from physics, biology, and home science. This study delves into the intricate relationship between human physiology, furniture design, and the living environment to create furniture solutions that optimize comfort, health, and productivity. By integrating physics to ensure proper support and alignment, biology to consider human anatomy and movement, and insights from home science to harmonize design with domestic lifestyles, a holistic approach emerges. Through an array of tables and graphs, this research demonstrates the tangible impact of ergonomic furniture on posture enhancement, muscle engagement, and user satisfaction. The interplay of these multidisciplinary perspectives yields innovative furniture designs that resonate with human biomechanics, ultimately fostering a healthier and more productive daily life.  

Abstract

Nigeria is facing many domestic security upheavals which gave rise to internal and external desires to confront the seemingly insurmountable situation. The menace of Boko-Haram crisis in northeast, violent farmer-herder crisis in southwest and north-central states, banditry and kidnapping in Southeast and south-south regions have great effect on socio-economic life of Nigerians. To arrest this situation, in different location gave rise to desire for complementary security arrangement (in some cases with backing from federal or state governments). While some opinion molders and policy formulators have in these circumstances advocated for a comprehensive overhaul of some or all these governmental agencies. This paper thoroughly appraises the role of complementing outfits such as community policing and local vigilante outfits like Ebube Agu of Southeast, Amotekun of Southwest and Niger Delta Volunteer Force of South-South in sustainable economic development through augmentation of national security. This study confirms the positive activities of the vigilantes, request that various tiers of government to develop synergistic efforts of these vigilantes’ and other state security services for the betterment of the Nigeria security apparatus.  

Abstract

The aim of thisstudy was to examine the effect of perceived organizational politics on organizational citizenship behavior through the moderating role of political skill.An explanatory research design and quantitative approach were employed.In the Ethiopian public service organization context, data were collected using a standard questionnaire from 321 respondents. The present study used uncertainty management theory to underpin the mechanism how political skill moderates perceived organizational Politics and organizational Citizenship Behavior. To test hypotheses, the study employed structural equation modeling using AMOS software version 26. The findings of the study revealed that perceived organizational politics have a negative effect on organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, political skill has a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, the finding reveals thatpolitical skill moderated the effect of perceived organizational politics on organizational citizenship behavior.  

Abstract

Issue: Scholars used work characteristics to illustrate the promising topic of work design. Proactive work behavior in today's workplace is a developing research field. This study determines proactive work behavior with a mediating role of a motivational state and a comprehensive collection of measures. Method: The researchers used survey research as their method of choice to accomplish this goal. 279 respondents provided self-reporting and supervisory information, which we collected. SMART PLS 3.2.8 software was used for the analysis. Finding: As a result, we conclude that proactive work behavior was most likely determined with task, knowledge, and contextual factors; however, social characteristics and proactive work behavior were indirectly correlated. The motivational state partially mediates the relationship between work characteristics (i.e task, knowledge, and contextual characteristics) and proactive work behavior while fully mediates between social characteristics and proactive work behavior. We encourage further investigation to confirm our findings and broaden our model by identifying additional employee outcomes regarding proactive work behavior and social traits.  

Abstract

Alarming increase in cases of gender based violence gave rise to the enactment of the VAPP Act in Nigeria in 2015. However, neither its execution nor effects have been felt even in areas where it has been domesticated. The main aim of this study was to know how social media has been used to create awareness and promote citizens’ knowledge of the provisions of the VAPP Act.  The study was anchored on the tenets of the agenda setting theory and social responsibility theory of the press. Survey method was used while 360 adult residents who are above 18 years participated in the survey. This study was carried out in South-East geo-political Zone in Nigeria where the VAPP Act has been domesticated. Only Face book and Twitter, excluding other social media platforms, were found to have been used to spread information on the VAPP Act, according to the study. It also shows that although social media raised awareness of the VAPP act's existence, it did not promote citizens' knowledge of its contents. The study's findings as a whole indicate that users of social media are rarely exposed to communications that inform them of the VAPP Act's existence and its provisions. This study suggests that a well-planned, proactive public education campaign on all social media platforms will go a long way toward raising individuals' awareness of and encouraging their knowledge of the VAPP Act's provisions.  

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex physiological process that involves a cascade of events, from inflammation to tissue remodeling. Impaired wound healing can lead to chronic wounds, which are painful and susceptible to various infections, including fungal ones. Candida and Cryptococcus infections are particularly troublesome due to their resistance to conventional treatments. In this context, hydrogels have emerged as promising drug delivery and wound management vehicles. The hydrogel, made from 5-flucytosine, chitosan, and pectin, provides a moist environment for wound healing and creates a barrier against infections. In this study, four hydrogel formulations containing 5-FC, chitosan, pectin, and 0.1M HCl were developed and. they were optimized for various parameters, including drug concentration, polymer ratio, and crosslinking density. Dependent variables maximize drug release, gel stability, and other desired properties. Hydrogel Base includes natural and synthetic material that exhibits desirable properties, such as high water absorption capacity and gel stability. Formulations evaluated for their compatibility, physical properties, Spreadability, Viscosity, rheological studies, pH,Ex-Vivo Skin Permeation Study, Structural and Morphological Analysis, Swelling Index, Antifungal Activity Studies, Skin Irritancy Test, Wound Healing Activity Studies on Wound Contraction The hydrogel's effectiveness against C. albicans was demonstrated in an experiment, with the F-3 formulation showing the most effective antifungal properties.  

Abstract

This work assessed effect of socio-economic environment on social entrepreneurship among unemployed graduates of federal universities in South-East, Nigeria. It highlights the current global socio-economic environment challenges, including inflation, higher levels of unemployment, austerity measures, and increased prices of goods and services. Such difficulties have resulted in the widening of socio-economic disparities across different economic strata. The study adopted descriptive survey design, using quantitative approach. The total population of the study was 43,667 graduate students from five federal universities in South-East. The Cochran sample formula was used to determine the sample size of 384. Purposive sampling technique was used to administer the questionnaire which gave each person equal chance of being selected. Primary data were collected from the respondents through the administration of a structured questionnaire. The research instrument was tested for reliability through Cronbach Alpha values. The reliability values were above the 0.7 threshold. Validity of the research instrument was ascertained using content and face validity. Content validity was established by ensuring all facets of the variables were covered in the instrument. Face validity was confirmed by two experts from the industry. The technique of data analysis was structural equation model using SPSS (version 23) and Analysis of Moment (AMOS version 23), using 5% probability level of significance. Public policy has positive and insignificant effect on social entrepreneurship (β = 0.020; CR = 0.270; p > 0.05). Access to finance has positive and significant effect on social entrepreneurship (β = 0.150; CR = 2.679; p < 0.05). Government effectiveness has positive and significant effect on social entrepreneurship (β = 0.110; CR = 5.238; p < 0.05). Social needs have positive and significant effect on social entrepreneurship (β = 0.040; CR = 6.667; p < 0.05). Societal attitude has positive and significant effect on social entrepreneurship (β = 0.270; CR = 6.000; p < 0.05). Education has positive and significant effect on social entrepreneurship (β = 0.740; CR = 10.882; p < 0.05).The work highlights in conclusion the multifaceted nature of social entrepreneurship, influenced by a range of factors, and that public policy may need further refinement to become a significant driver, access to finance, government effectiveness, recognition of social needs, societal attitude, and education stand out as powerful levers in promoting and enhancing social entrepreneurship. The research work recommends among others that policymakers should consider a comprehensive review of existing policies to identify potential barriers and opportunities for improvement and financial institutions should prioritise the development of tailored financial products, grants, and investment opportunities specifically designed for social enterprises.  

Abstract

This paper embarks on a classical scientific journey to explore and elucidate the intricate world of research cognition and methods. Delving into quantitative and qualitative methodologies, highlighting their features, and dispels misconceptions and erroneous assumptions surrounding them. The discourse extends to examining the pros and cons of these approaches, clarifying terminology related to case studies and population size. The work advocates for revisions in referencing styles and argues against the use of  a, b, c format in in-text citations. The paper also clarifies why experimental research cannot be conducted by social sciences due to its inherently limited control power features, compared to the natural sciences. Through the navigation of this path, the ultimate goal is to demystify research methodologies and cultivate a deeper comprehension of scientific language.  

Abstract

Much work has been done to lucubrate divergence between democracy and liberal democracy. Despite this, scholarships have failed to convey that these are two distinct ideologies. This paper challenge the fundamental proposition that, democracy is synonymous to liberal democracy. The work delves into individualism, rights, media, and protection of minorities. This paper thereby, explore the differences between the two concepts, first, in principles, and second, in practice. Empirical examples provided offer a posteriori aid to enforce assertions that democracy, when infused with liberal tenets, forms a novel governance system - liberal democracy.  

Abstract

Since decades, the influence of human practices on the environment has been a major concern globally. Today’s scenario necessitates understanding the grave demand of being eco-friendly in every facade of our lives which duly involves the dental practice. So, practising green dentistry helps us to identify simple measures a dentist and their patients take to reduce waste and conserve energy, as well as promoting awareness of the environment and getting local communities involved in green living. Green Orthodontics is a high-tech approach that reduces the environmental impact of dental practices and encompasses a service model for dentistry that supports and maintains wellness. It meets the needs of millions of wellness lifestyle patients, and helps dental professionals protect planetary and community health, as well as the financial health of their practices. Practitioners still needs a lot of knowledge and training to increase their awareness. The more the number of dentists and healthcare professional join the green dentistry movement, the faster we make our practice and our world, a cleaner and a healthier place for living.  

Abstract

Bitcoin (BTC) and other cryptocurrencies have been around for a while however acceptability and volatility issues persist.  The value of Bitcoin has seen significant variations throughout time, with notable price increases and decreases. If more individuals and businesses decide to accept Bitcoin as a legitimate form of investment or payment, the price of Bitcoin may increase.   This study examines Bitcoin with similarities of an asset, commodity and currency; therefore bitcoin is categorized as a hybrid because it has characteristics of a commodity, currency and asset. Using Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) model, the current study investigates the influence of macroeconomic and financial factors from the US Market like Gold prices, Energy prices, US Stock Index S&P 500 returns, foreign currency exchange rates USD/EURO, USD/CNY, Inflation rates and Interest rates on Bitcoin return, volume and supply. The study spans the period from 1st June 2015 to 31st May 2023 based on the availability of weekly time series data. According to the results of the Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH), there is a long-term correlation between the returns, volume and supply of bitcoin and select macroeconomic and financial variables. The present study's findings have important ramifications for market players and investors that use Bitcoin as an additional financial asset in their portfolios. Furthermore, based on the results of the current study, a roadmap is laid out for projecting the future volatility of Bitcoin.  

Abstract

The present study aimed at investigating “relationship between mental health and quality of life of teachers teaching in government, madarsa and private schools”. A sample of 900 teachers has been taken from  government, madarsa and private schools (300 from each) of Aligarh and lucknow city, U.P India. The world health organization quality of life (WHO-QOL)-BREF (2004) revised version  and the mental health inventory (MHI-38) developed by Veil & Ware 1983(revised in 2005) were adopted for collecting data. The finding of the research indicated that  a significant and positive relationship was found between the variables ( mental health and quality of life) of teachers teaching in government school. Madarsa and private school’s teachers shows no Significant relationship between the variables (mental health and quality of life).  

Abstract

This work x-rayed ethno-religious conflicts and socioeconomic well-being of internally displaced persons in North Central Nigeria and examines the negative effect associated with these conflicts. The broad objective was to assess the effect of ethno-religious conflict on socioeconomic well-being of internally displaced persons in North central Nigeria. Its specific objectives were to assess the effect of incessant attacks on food security of internally displaced persons and to ascertain the effect of forced displacement on decent shelter for internally displaced persons. The methodology adopted for the study was survey method on a population of 122,000 internally displaced persons, a sample of 360 was obtained using Bill Gordon sample size determination formula where a structured questionnaire was administered on the sample. Data analysis reveals that, incessant attacks significantly affected food security of internally displaced persons (p = 0.01<0.05) and that forced displacement significantly affected decent shelter of internally displaced persons (p = 0.01<0.05). the study recommended that: Government should as a matter of necessity, introduce ranching for herders in order to avoid herds encroaching on farm lands, thereby causing conflicts between herders and farmers that do result to food insecurity and the use of information and communication technology gadgets by security operatives is paramount, government should provide and train security personnel in information gathering such that intending conflicts can be nipped in the bud to avoid its escalation and consequent population displacement associated with it.  

Abstract

Numerous studies placed particular emphasis on reducing carbon emissions from operations, often ignoring the importance of embodied carbon emissions. To evaluate the embodied carbon emissions associated with government buildings in Pokhara Metropolitan City, a systematic process-based approach was used to estimate the total embodied carbon over the lifetime of these structures. The research findings reveal that the cumulative embodied carbon emissions stemming from these buildings contributed a total of1281.56 metric tons (Mt) and 12504540.5 MJ of embodied energy. Furthermore, the study explored the potential for reducing these emissions by adopting alternative construction materials. In particular, the inclusion of AAC (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) blocks, hollow cement concrete blocks, and stabilized soil blocks (8% cement)in the same building demonstrated reductions in total emissions by 5.56%, 4.38%, and 5.16%, respectively. It is crucial to acknowledge that this study primarily focuses on the construction stage of the building and exclusively considers civil construction materials. It did not encompass elements such as sanitary and electrical fixtures or other stages in the building's lifecycle, including operation and maintenance and eventual demolition. Consequently, it is recommended that future research endeavors undertake a more comprehensive analysis, encompassing electrical and sanitary fixtures, as well as all phases of a building's lifecycle, to gain a more holistic understanding of embodied carbon emissions in government buildings.

Abstract

With the development of the globalization and the technology, the importance of learning English better via the assistant of Web 2.0 tools gradually show its significance. However, not all of the people, especially students know how to make the best use of these tools to enhance their English ability. This study aims to find out how effective Web 2.0 can be in helping students learn English and how helpful it is thought to be overall. The study also attempts to look at the various Web 2.0 tools employed in English language instruction. This study was conducted by a quantitative research method via a questionnaire and used mean to analyze the data. The subject of this research were 100 undergraduate medicine students from Zhengzhou university in China. The results shows that it Web 2.0 is an effective factor which influences the English language learning of students, especially in listening skills and they prefer to use multiple Web 2.0 tools to assistant their learning process.  

Abstract

The main aim of the World Water Quality Assessment is to examination the state of fresh water quality and its influences on health and food security.Anefficient analysis has been carried out to study the Physico-Chemical parametersof groundwater quality of some villages of Sirkali, of Mayiladuthuari district, Tamilnadu, India, is determined by Physico -Chemical methods. Ground water samples were collected by adhering to standard methods.The study was carried out by collecting ground water samples from further Twenty different villages of Sirkali. Different quality parameters are dignifiedlike Colour and appearance, Odour, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Turbidity, pH, Temperature, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium (Ca2+),  Nitrate, Chloride,Fluoride, Phosphate, Sulphate,Iron, Dissolved Oxygen(DO), Ammonia and COD present in water. An Investigation has been made to find the quality of the ground water is suitable for drinking and irrigation purpose. The Physico-Chemical Parameters of Open well and BoreWell water results are discussed.  

Abstract

This research aimed to assess job stress level and utilization of coping strategies by overseas Filipino teachers along with the challenges they encounter while abroad. It was found that level of job stress of the respondents was often, and the utilization of coping strategies in terms of problem-focused was in great extent, while emotion-focused was moderate in extent. The relationship between job stress level and extent of utilization of coping strategies of the respondents with job demand was found to be negligible, while with job control and job support was low and moderate correlation respectively. The common top-ranking challenges among overseas Filipino teachers were language barriers, fellow Filipinos “crab mentality” culture, and lack of savings, work overload and homesickness. On the other hand, health problem while abroad, changing government policies from time to time and difficulty of acquiring permanent residency status, food aversions and culture shock, unclear or flexible job scope, Racial discrimination and unpaid salaries least challenges found among overseas Filipino teachers. The study used descriptive-correlational from 132 overseas teachers.    

Abstract

The main objective of this work is to facilitate the user to control appliances wirelessly via remote controls, voice commands and to have safety measures in case of Gas leakages and Fire accidents. Wireless Home Safety and Home Automation are the dual aspects of this project. The currently build prototype of this project is, the Controller continuously keep sensing and it automatically takes the required action, Door Security System which is based on Internet of Things (loT) technology, controlling the door and the CAMERA is used to send information to the user through web Interface and the application. So that the user can see the video streaming on the display in case of Home safety. Then in case of home automation, the Controller controls the relays based on the commands received from the User through Internet and Room Cleaner (Sweeping) Robot is designed to make cleaning process become easier rather than by using manual cleaners. Internet of Things conceptualizes the idea of remotely connecting and monitoring real world objects (things) through the Internet. When it comes to our house, this concept can be aptly incorporated to make it smarter, safer and automated. This IOT project focuses on building a smart wireless home security and home safety system.  

Abstract

The main aim of the project is to implement a low-cost reliable system which will help to establish communication between paralytic or disabled patients and a nurse. A patient can easily send messages to the nurse by just tilting an accelerometer connected to a body part capable of movement. This angle of tilt is sent to a central controller which then initiates communication between the patient (transmitter) and nurse (receiver) and also decides which message is to be transmitted based on the tilt angle. Each patient will have such a device installed on or around his body and all such patients will be centrally linked to the receiver at the nurse side. Along with this a real time medicine reminder and an emergency buzzer to simplify the work of the nurse was implemented.  

Abstract

Climate changes and rainfall has been erratic over the past decade. Due to this in recent era, climate-smart methods called as smart agriculture is adopted by many Indian farmers. One of the important applications of IoT is Smart Agriculture. It reduces wastage of water, fertilizers and increases the crop yield. Smart agriculture is an automated and directed information technology implemented with the IoT (Internet of Things). IoT is developing rapidly and widely applied in all wireless environments. In this project, sensor technology and wireless networks integration of IoT technology has been studied and reviewed based on the actual situation of agricultural system. Temperature sensor, Moisture sensor and pH sensor which senses the temperature, moisture content and pH in the soil which are connected to Raspberry pi. A combined approach with internet and wireless communications, Remote Monitoring System (RMS) is proposed. Nowadays IoT is the growing technology in the present era. As considering all the aspects into picturization we proposed a new methodology in which a farmer can easily identify the status of his field and proceed for the crop to be irrigated. In this we calculate the Temperature, Humidity, Soil Moisture, and pH of the field. By visualizing all the parameters, we considered the respective individual can easily identify the nature of his field and the crop that can be cultivated in the field.   

Abstract

Academic integrity, also known as academic honesty, is crucial for having a high-quality practical education as well as for pursuing academic knowledge in Nigerian educational institutions. This paper, therefore, investigates academic dishonesty in Nigerian higher institutions. A descriptive survey research design was employed for the study. All academic staff members in three different universities from two different states in Nigeria constitute the population for this study. A sample of 225 respondents drawn from the three universities (private, state and federal) were selected using random and purposive sampling techniques. An open-ended Google form questionnaire, Academic Dishonesty Questionnaire (ADQ) was designed by the researchers and used as the research instrument. The research findings identifies some the causes of academic dishonesty and how they affect education and nation-building, and the challenges of curbing academic dishonesty in Nigeria’s higher institutions. Recommendations were made, such as increasing awareness of the need for academic integrity throughout the nation's educational system (primary, secondary, and higher institutions), among others.  

Abstract

To examines the imperatives of remittances and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa from 1970 to 2021. The study employ a sample of 48 Sub-Sahara countries using annual data from the world bank development indicator. The long run effect of imperative of remittances and economic growth was analysed using ARDL model of the mean group (MG), dynamic fixed effects (DFE) and pooled mean group (PMG) test since the variables did not have the same order of intergration. Findings from the result shows that cointegration exists between remittances and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. The result findings from the ARDL models shows a negative but significant long-run between remittances and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the short run, the coefficients of the error correction model (ECM) showed a negative and significant result suggesting that it will take about 62%, 7% and 19% speed of adjustment to correct the long-run effects in the short-run. This paper recommends Policies such as mass financial education to the African populace and setting up investment opportunities such as Diaspora bonds among others, to encourage diaspora Africans working abroad to contribute to national development are suggested. This paper adds to existing econometrics methods and literature using more comprehensive and up to date variables, this paper further make recommendation on how remittances can boast economic growth in Sub-Saharan African  

Abstract

Coal-based power generation is a principal source of electricity in India and many other countries. Among the coal combustion by products, coal fly ash contributes almost 15-30%. Coal fly ash and fly ash leachate is highly toxic to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem due to the presence of toxic level of heavy metals. Conventionally fly ash is deposited in the nearby land without ensuring proper disposal methods. Contamination of ground and surface water through leaching of heavy metals effects the ecosystem. Phytoremediation is a cost effective environment friendly technique which can be used for managing fly as dumpsite. This review deals with the potential of phytoremediation technique in restoring the fly ash dumpsite.  

Abstract

Problem: Food production is the base for food security. The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) defines it as: “Food Security as a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.”  Methodology: The study is based on primary data from two districts viz Srikakulam and Ananthapur from both NFSM and non-NFSM beneficiaries in Andhra Pradesh state with standard questionnaire. The study multi-stage sample design was used. The two districts were selected based on highest and lowest production of paddy crop. In the second stage 2 mandals from each district, total 4 mandals selected. Finally 30 NFSM beneficiary and 15 non beneficiary farmers were selected from each mandal, total 45*4=180 samples were selected in two districts in Andhra Pradesh according methodology. The main objectives are 1. Describe the sample household characteristics of NFSM and Non-NFSM farmers cultivating maize and Bengal Gram. 2. To assess the effect of NFSM scheme on usage of inputs, output and income of the beneficiary farmers of selected crops in selected Districts of Andhra Pradesh.  Findings: Agriculturists had much break even with share in possessions and region around 23 to 20 per cent whereas little ranchers possessed 26.33 per cent share in property and developed as it were 11 per cent land area among the beneficiary sample households. Out of the full advance profited of Rs 1.5 lakh by beneficiaries and Rs. 86300 by the non beneficiary family units. Conclusion: The food security is increased after the intervention of the NFSM scheme in India. the beneficiaries developed after the scheme benefits comparatively non beneficiaries. So the government must extend the scope of the scheme under different ways.  

Abstract

Real human facial recognition has been studied to derive facial specific expression intensity and category recognition, however, these results are based on real human facial expressions, and less has been done on cartoon expression materials. In this study, AUC facial motion coding system was used firstly to reconstruct the facial expression parts of cartoon characters in picture books and the strength of expressions were classified based on flat cartoon reconstructions. The results of experiment with children aged 4-7 showed that there were no significant cognitive differences in subtle processing of tears and lower eyelid shadows in cartoon expressions; children aged 5-6 recognized anger and sadness more strongly than those aged 6-7, and 4-5 and 5-6 year olds felt fear and sadness more than those aged 6-7.  

Abstract

There is a dearth of knowledge about how customers’ perception of luxury hotels’ CSR actions influences customers’ behaviors. Therefore, this study examined how luxury hotels’ CSR actions influence the rating of luxury hotels’ products, loyalty, and strategic legitimacy among customers. A sample of 415 respondents who only patronized the priciest services in five-star luxury hotels in Nigeria was purposively selected for the study while a structured instrument was deployed for data. The proposed hypotheses were tested using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Contrary to the assertion in the literature that firms’ CSR actions do not influence luxury consumers as luxury connotes status and elitism, this study found that luxury customers’ perception of luxury hotels’ CSR activities positively impact the rating of the hotels’ product, loyalty and strategic legitimacy among Nigerian customers. This study suggests the need for luxury hotels in Nigeria to consider CSR as a strategic competitive tool.  

Abstract

Tamil siddar Thirumoolar once told “I nurtured my body, I nurtured my life”. Having a healthy life and substantial wellbeing is what every man dreams. Every tradition has unique modus-operandi towards medicine and health. Siddha is a traditional medical system which focuses on holistic health. Siddars are saints and distinguished scholars who lived in Tamil Nadu, known for their immense contribution in establishing a separate medical system called “siddha”. Since ancient times the siddha medicine has established and developed in southern part of India, especially Tamil Nadu. The objective of this paper is to examine the significance and importance of traditional medicine system, especially siddha in achieving SDG3. The paper begins by examining SDG3: Good health and well-being and its importance. This paper also attempts to explore the major findings of Siddha medicine and its impact in modern medicine and also tracks the growth of siddha medical system through all these years. At the end the paper examines how siddha is a fitter choice to achieve SDG3.  

Abstract

Food production is the base for food security. The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) defines it as: “Food Security as a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.” The study is based on primary data from two districts viz Srikakulam and Ananthapur from both NFSM and non-NFSM beneficiaries in Andhra Pradesh state with standard questionnaire. The study multi-stage sample design was used. The two districts were selected based on highest and lowest production of paddy crop. In the second stage 2 mandals from each district, total 4 mandals selected. Finally 30 NFSM beneficiary and 15 non beneficiary farmers were selected from each mandal, total 45*4=180 samples were selected in two districts in Andhra Pradesh according methodology. The study main objective is mainly explain the effect of NFSM scheme on income of the beneficiary farmers of paddy crop in selected Districts and to know the constraints and factors that influences the adoption of interventions and performance NFSM scheme in Andhra Pradesh. The study is mainly Impact of NFSM Scheme cropping pattern, cost and income returns and facing constraints of both NFSM and Non-NFSM beneficiary paddy cultivated farmers in Andhra Pradesh State.  

Abstract

Abstract

Relevant studies have found that Chinese contemporary college students are generally in a state of sub-health, sitting for a long time and staying up late has become a habit, learning and employment difficulties are increasing, physical and mental health is facing challenges, the health problems of Chinese college students are becoming increasingly prominent, and training healthy college students has become the appeal of the current era (LI, 2019). Among all sports, basketball is one of the most popular among college students. Basketball is also a sports course with a large student selection and attendance (Liu, 2020). At present, the basic level of basketball in most colleges and universities in China is low, and the teaching content is too much, which leads to fast teaching progress, and the improvement of students' technical level cannot keep up with the teaching progress. Therefore, many colleges and universities give priority to the teaching of basic technology in the teaching content arrangement, in order to ensure that students learn easily and improve learning interest. Mixed methods were used in this study. The researchers used a purposeful sampling method to select participants for this study. Wang(2021) defines purposefulness as a practical synonym for qualitative research. Purpose sampling means that one thinks of sampling as a series of strategic choices about who, where, and how to conduct research. This statement means that the way researchers collect samples must be tied to the target. The respondents were 50 basketball teachers and 1,200 students. The data were collected through survey questionnaire and interview, in which the participants were asked to answer several questions. In the interview, the interviewee also answers several questions related to the research question.  

Abstract

This monograph examines the impact of online shopping on profitability and analyses various problems faced by small retailers in retail Industry in brief. This illustrative article inspects about the impact of internet shopping on profit of small apparel shops. In order to understand how aware clothing retailers are of online shopping, this research paper will look at how online shopping affects the profitability of clothing and retail stores. In a few Tier II Towns, it seeks to analyse the effects of online shopping on small and medium-sized apparel retail stores since the Covid Pandemic began. It also aims to examine the measures taken by small and medium apparel retailers to compete with online shopping. The Scholarly paper is based on a primary data based study obtained by questionnaire from the proprietors of 150 small and medium apparel retailers. With suitable statistical analysis it was deduced that almost 76% of the retailers agreed that online plat form has had an impact on their business. Majority of them feel that online shopping has increased competition. 55% of the retailers agreed that there exists an impact of internet shopping on sales. The researchers are of opinion that the traditional retailers' practices are ineffective and they largely use the tactics of home delivery, gifts & offers, and lower price. According to this study, 31% of the retailers want to transform their in-store shop to internet business in the near future. The study concludes that Retailing has revolutionized due to the recent advancement in the technology.  

Abstract

A significant risk to India's national security is the threat of terrorism. The research presented here compares and contrasts internal and international terrorism in India, looking at trends, tactics, and ramifications for the security of the nation The paper begins by etymology and contextualization of domestic and international terrorism, as well as its implications for India's security, are presented at the outset of the essay. The parallels and distinctions between indigenous terrorist organizations like the Naxalites and global terrorist groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba and ISIS are then discussed. The objective of this essay is to evaluate these groups' aims, motives for being, techniques for operation, as well as their impact on India's national security. In order to give a thorough study of the character and scope of the terrorist threat in India, it covers a number of case studies, including the Naxalite insurgency and the 2008 Mumbai attacks. The report also covers the counterterrorism measures put in place by the Indian government to deal with threats from both internal and foreign sources. It assesses the success of these steps and sheds insight on the difficulties encountered in India's fight against terrorism. In summary, this academic paper offers a thorough examination of domestic as well as international terrorism in India, accentuating the major developments, tactics, and consequences for the country's security. It provides useful insights for stakeholders and policymakers in creating successful strategies to fight terrorism and advance regional and global stability.  

Abstract

The study surveyed supply and demand of teachers of primary schools in Ekiti State. The study adopted the ex-post facto and descriptive research design of the survey type. The study population comprised of all primary school pupils and teachers’ enrolled in the state form the total population for the research. Two sets of instruments were used. They are an inventory titled; Demand and Supply of Primary School Teachers in Ekiti State Inventory (DSPSTESI) and a questionnaire titled; Demand and Supply of Primary School Teachers in Ekiti State Questionnaire (DSPSTESQ). The Inventory was used to collect available data from the Universal Basic Education Board of the state while the questionnaire was developed to elicit opinion on determining factors of teacher demand.  The researcher ensured face and content validity of both instruments while test-retest was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire.  Data collected in this study were analysed using frequency, ratio, percentages, trend analysis and correlation Matrix to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significant. The results showed that there was excess supply of teachers in primary schools and indicated fluctuating in the trend analysis ofthe growth rate in teachers’ enrolment as well as that of pupils’ growth rate. There were relationships between teacher demand and determining factors of supply in primary schools in Ekiti State. Based on the findings it was recommended among others that government should make a policy to address the required number of annual growth rate of pupils and teachers in primary schools and that recruitment of teachers should be done based on needs to maintain balance in pupils’ teacher ratio.  

Abstract

Problem: The achievement of learning objectives is determined by the student and their learning environment. No matter what affordances are offered to a student, learning will not take place if there are obstacles that seriously hamper their ability to participate. Objectives: This study was to determine student-related factors influencing academic performance. Methodology: A cross- sectional study was conducted in 133 interns in Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences and Research foundation, Amalapuram . Data was collected using pretested semi-structured questionnaire through Google forms. Information about sociodemograhy , motivation ,study habits etc was collected .Findings :The mean age of the students is 22.46 ±0.917 . The mean birth order of the students is 1.51. Out of 133 students, 39.8 % are males and 84.2 % are single.11.3 % students used to go to library for studying for more than four days in a week . 31.6 % students did not go to library for studying .Only 5.3 % students used to study for more than 4 hours a day . 87.5 % students who resat for exam more than once used to study for 0 to 2 hours per day .Conclusion: The study highlights the need for students to adopt a healthy lifestyle and manage stress levels to achieve academic success. The results can be used to develop interventions and strategies that can help students to overcome the challenges they face and achieve academic success.  

Abstract

A contentious and unresolved focus on the field of international criminal law jurisdiction has been the idea of an absentia trial. The mechanism of absentee trials was used as an international crimes prosecution tool through various judgments in Bangladesh International Crimes Tribunals (ICT-BD) before commencement one decade after the formation of the historical International Criminal Justice Instruments, i.e., Nuremberg  and  Far-East tribunal .Since the Former Yugoslavia’ tribunal,  Sierra Leone special court , and other international crimes tribunals have been banned, the capacity of International Criminal Court  to conduct in absentia trials in the context of global crimes has been severely constrained. However, relatively topical contemporary International Crimes Tribunal structures, such as ICT-BD and Lebanon Special Tribunal and the, have notably allowed for absentee trials in connection with the prosecution of international crimes. After the resolve of 53 cases, practically almost all proceedings before the ICT-BD have concluded in absentia rulings, depriving the accused of the right to a fresh trial.Two prominent absentia trial cases—the cases of AbulKalam Azad and Ashrafuzzam Khan @ Naeb Ali Khan and ChowdhuryMueenUddin—as well as a significant number of other absentia trial cases—were one-sidedly resolved by the ICT-BD, where the tribunals heard the prosecution witness and rendered the verdict without the presence of the accused. This is demonstrated by the legal framework of the ICT-BD cases.Bangladesh permits absentia in domestic cases even though it is not a common law nation and does not adhere to common law jurisdiction. The prosecution of an absentia trial raises concerns about whether ICT-BD has been eroding international norms. The retrial is prerequisite under the convention of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, who dependent individual before the ICT-BD completely deprived of that right. Bangladesh's domestic legal system permitted trials in absentia, including those for International Crimes Tribunals. In order to address the omission of the right to a retrial, a widely accepted requirement, this research paper compares Bangladesh's usage of absentia proceedings to those of other international criminal tribunals. As a commoon law nation, Bangladesh should be tried and granted the right to fair trials. Additionally, absentee executions should follow the international criminal justice system's policies and procedures, and absentee trials should have a subsection on retrials that addresses the solemn trial issue.The research study also looks at the provision on the ICT-BD law, which should prevent absentia trials in the context of international crimes trials, allowing for the inclusion of the current Section 10A in a retrial and the elimination of further death sentences rendered in absentia. The International Crimes Tribunals Act 1973 (as amended in 2009, 2012, and 2013), and its Rules of Procedure (RoP) 2010 shall also be taken into consideration when determining the precise location of the accused, properly summoning, compulsorily prosecuting, and hearing defense witnesses, ensuring the right to defense, and ensuring a long enough pre-conviction period to comply with international criminal justice guidelines.  

Abstract

Whether the Human Resource Economic System is an advanced Economic System compared to Capitalism and Socialism. As per the principles of the H.R. Economic System, may it be possible for to State to declare Human Resources as absolute assets, and monetize aforesaid assets for initial Capital investment? In this Economic System, valuation of the Human Resources in terms of Unit, and conversion of the aforesaid Unit into monetary funds in favour of Entrepreneurs for a limited time period of time for initial Capital investment for the establishment of a new industrial establishment, if it succeeds, in that case, mankind shall not be required the Capitalism for Economic perspectives, and H.R. Economic System shall be considered a new Economic System Worldwide in respect of Capitalism and Socialism.  

Abstract

Purpose: Human Resource Development (HRD) enables teachers to improve their productivity and makes them effective teachers. HR practices guarantee the improvement of educators' capabilities, dynamism, inspiration and viability in a deliberate and arranged manner. Accordingly, the current investigation is an endeavour to look at the effect of human resource practices in enhancing the teaching skills of faculty members with special reference to Middle Schools. Methodology: Simple Random Sampling has been used to select the sample from teachers of Middle Schools of CBSE at Dhar district (M.P.). An intensive survey was conducted from Mar 2021 to Nov 2021.500 questionnaires were sent to teachers of middle schools via social media, out of which 434questionnaires were found appropriate for final analysis. A self–administered questionnaire was designed to gather data, and the data obtained were analyzed using the Chi-square test and independent samples t-test. Findings: The study concludes that the majority of the sample teachers admitted that sound HR practices help in improving the teaching skills of teachers. A non-significant difference between the opinion score of teachers of different teaching experience groups was found regarding the impact of HRM practices in enhancing teaching skills. The study further suggests thatif proper human resource practices are followed in an educational institute in terms of adequate compensation, performance appraisal, training and development, positive working environment, etc., there will be a favourable impact on the teaching skills of teachers. If HR practices are properly planned in a schoolit ensures better development of teachers. Research limitations: The study is confined to middle school teachers of CBSE schools located at Dhar district. Originality/value: This article is an analytical update on the impact of HR practices in enhancing teaching skills in the light of the present views of middle school teachers and can be a valuable resource for policymakers, school management as well as researchers. 

Abstract

In many ways, women and men have not always been treated equally. They were denied the right to possess property, received no share of their parent's assets, were denied the ability to vote, and were denied the freedom to choose their line of work or employment, among other things. Throughout history, an acknowledged male-dominated Indian society has been characterized by gender disparity. Men were supposed to go out and work, leaving women confined to the home. One of the main causes of the emergence of social ills like "Sati Pratha," "PardahSystem," "Child Marriage," "Dowry System," etc. was this division of labor. The conventional Indian mindset presupposes that women's roles are mostly concentrated on domestic tasks like cooking and child-rearing. In India, women are routinely discriminated against in the workplace, in society, in politics, and even more so in the cultural sphere. These prejudices and impairments are regularly practiced at all levels. Women's empowerment is the capacity for full control over one's own behavior. This entails having control over their material possessions, intellectual resources, and even ideas. It entails psychologically empowering women to assert themselves, which has up until now been restricted by the "gender roles" that have been ascribed to them, particularly in a culture like India that is resistant to change. Women's empowerment, which refers to strengthening and boosting the social, economic, political, including legal strength of women in order to ensure their equal rights, has been extensively explored during the past 20 years. The rising economy greatly benefits from the contributions of women. This essay discusses the various difficulties experienced by Indian women and the reasons why their empowerment is still necessary. It will also highlight the government's initiatives for women's emancipation and the contribution of women in building modern Indian society and economy.  

Abstract

Previous studies have focused on various aspects of Yoruba spiritualties and values in Nigeria with little attention paid to the sociological challenges of the phenomenon. Traditional Africans especially the Yoruba of Nigeria are grossly endowed with rich and unprecedented traditional values which signifies a contemporary expression of African belief system. The Yoruba are mostly found in the southwest of Nigeria, now divided into six states, namely Lagos, Ogun, Oyo, Osun, Ekiti and Ondo. There are also Yoruba people in other states of Nigeria and beyond. Central to the Yoruba belief is their unique concept about the Supreme Being and traditional values as demonstrated in their ways of life. The work discovered that the force of modernity has influenced these beliefs and values with particular reference to the Yoruba of Nigeria. Emile Durkheim’s functional theory, which describes religion as a tool for social effectiveness was adopted. The paper concludes on a note of recommendation, by calling on Nigerians and African researchers to cherish the Yoruba beliefs and values with its practical moral lesson towards peaceful co-existence in the society. Thus, the research work seeks to strengthen the knowledge of readers by adopting a qualitative and historical method to investigate this research on the subject matter.  

Abstract

Since human nail disease does not exhibit clinical symptoms that are hazardous to one's health, it is typically overlooked. On the other hand, nail illness might be a precursor to a health problem. Some nail conditions can result in an infection, damage, or even the loss of the nail itself. It might diminish someone's visual appeal and attractiveness. Because nail diseases may take many different forms and share many characteristics, diagnosing nail diseases can be challenging for physicians. As a result, this study developed an automated technique for classifying nail diseases using nail images. The suggested approach was built using an Adam optimizer and the VGG-16 neural network architecture. In this study, nail conditions such as Koilonychia, Beau's Lines, and Leukonychia etc. were categorized. Python programming is used to simulate the model used in this study. According to the simulation findings model produced a classification accuracy of 94.27 %. The clinical diagnosis of nail disease is anticipated to be supported by the transfer learning technique based on a neural network simulation used in this study.  

Abstract

Problem: Cardiovascular diseases have raised a lot of concern as a major cause of mortality and morbidity among adult populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Media messages and medical solutions are used to address the menace of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated exposure to, and attitude towards media messages on cardiovascular diseases among men in North Central Nigeria.  Design/Methodology/Approach: The study focuses on three states – Niger, Kogi and Nasarawa in North-Central Nigeria. The survey method was adopted to conduct the study. The Australian Sample Size Calculator was used to draw a sample of 539 respondents while the multi-stage sampling technique was adopted as the sampling approach for the study. Data were analyzed using simple percentages and chi-square test of independence using SPSS version 24. Findings: The study revealed that the level of exposure to general CVD messages was (66.5%).However, exposure to media messages on specific CVD risk factors were low. Findings further revealed that there is a low to moderate level of awareness and knowledge about CVD across the study participants. Similarly, results showed that exposure to health information on cardiovascular diseases has little or no influence on the attitude of study participants towards the disease itself. Conclusion: Men in North-Central Nigeria have a high level of exposure to media messages on CVDs. However, knowledge level needs to increase to match the level of awareness and exposure, and the attitude towards CVD needs to improve positively.  

Abstract

This study examined the effect of online shopping on consumer buying behaviour of fast moving consumer goods in Delta State, Nigeria. A cross sectional survey research design was adopted for the study. As structured questionnaire was used as the research instrument. To establish the reliability of the instrument, a test-retest method was employed. Convenient sampling method was adopted in this study to acquire data from respondents in Asaba, Warri, Sapele and Ughelli where about 50% e-commerce customers reside in Delta State. Therefore, the sample size of the study was 230 loyal customers of the selected online shopping stores. The statistical technique that was used includes descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. All analysis was done using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 23. Findings showed that the dimensions of online shopping such as product online reviews, perceived risk and virtual value chain have positive significant effect on consumer buying behavior. Perceived risk has a higher positive effect on consumer buying behaviour. The study concluded that online shopping has positive effect on consumer buying behavior of fast moving consumer goods in Delta State. The study suggested that marketers should possess a comprehensive understanding of the various aspects that exert effect on consumer buying behaviour in the online environment. Such knowledge can significantly contribute to the improvement of explanatory and predictive capabilities within the realm of online shopping.  

Abstract

The study examined culture and cultural differences in the purchase behaviour of consumers in Niger Delta, Nigeria. The study adopted the cross sectional survey research design method. The population of this study consists of 1500 traditional community chiefs and rulers in Bayelsa, Delta, and Edo State, Nigeria. A total number of 316 respondents were selected from the 1500 traditional community chiefs and rulers in the selected States. The sampling technique that was used in this study was the stratified sampling technique. Data were collected through the administering of structured questionnaire. Findings showed that individualistic cultural values had a higher positive effect on purchase behaviour of consumers (ß = 0.354, p<0.05). Collectivistic cultural values had positive effect on purchase behaviour of consumers (ß = 0.141, p<0.05).The study concluded that culture and cultural differences had significant positive effect on purchase behaviour of consumers. It was recommended that firms facilitate the customization of products or services in order to accommodate the cultural preferences and needs of customers. It is advisable for companies to provide a variety of choices in order to accommodate the desires of both individualistic and collectivistic individuals.  

Abstract

The study examined the effect of counterfeit brands on consumer purchase intentions for smartwatches in Warri Metropolis, Delta State. This study engaged cross sectional survey research design method. Purposive sampling technique was used for the study. Atotal of 217 customers of smartwatch brands in Warri Metropolis, Delta State were selected for the study. The instrument used for the study was a structured questionnaire. To establish the reliability of the instrument, a test-retest method was employed. The data collected from the field survey were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analyses. Findings showed that the dimensions of counterfeit brands explained 78% of the variability of consumer purchase intention. Findings showed that value consciousness exhibited a higher positive effect on consumer purchase intention for smartwatches (β =.578, p< 0.05). The study concluded that product attributes, value consciousness, and group social influence have positive effect on consumer purchase intention. The study recommended amongst others that smartwatch manufacturers need to undertake the responsibility of enlightening their customers regarding the inherent worth and benefits that their product provides and how to avoid buying counterfeit smartwatches.  

Abstract

This study aims at examining the mediating effect of hedging on the association between risk asset management and financial performance of listed banks in Nigeria. An ex-post facto research design was adopted and collected data from secondary sources were analysed through a structural equation modelling approach with the aid of a partial least square technique. The results revealed that risk asset management has a significant relationship with financial performance. The study also revealed that there is a relationship between risk asset management and hedging. Furthermore, the results revealed that hedging significantly relates with financial performance. Finally, the study revealed that hedging significantly mediate the relationship between risk asset management and financial performance. The study concludes therefore that hedging fully mediate the relationship between risk asset management and financial performance. The study recommends that listed banks in Nigeria should pay adequate attention to improving hedging of marketable securities for effective risk asset management and enhancing financial performance.  

Abstract

This study delves into the portrayal of women writers and their urge to reveal societal truthas well as their political action. The first step taken by women writers isto find the lack of equality in family and society.Moreover, writing builds massive impact and results in faster and more efficient growth in that matter.  Based on established psychological theories like Freud's exploration of and Simone de Beauvoir's analysis of societal norms, examines how these theories are reflected in such topics effortlessly. From writers to journalists, the problem of identifying sensitive topics that drive writers into a difficult situation. Writers win awards; some are debarred, but only a few can change the world through action. The list is not heavy but effortlessly effective in this digital era. Overcoming biases and stereotypes and spotlighting such female writers' experiences, we honor their resilience and emphasize the fundamental necessity of upholding the universal right to freedom of speech. Through their prose and poetry, women authors adeptly navigate these challenges while smashing barriers, promoting inclusivity, and paving the way for a more equitable and varied literary landscape. With their voices gaining prominence and influence, the literary world anticipates a more vibrant array of narratives reflecting the vast spectrum of human experiences.  

Abstract

This article focuses on workforce mobility and the performance of financial institutions in the North and South-West regions of Cameroon. It highlights the challenges these financial institutions face and the gap in the study area. It examines some constructs under the dependent variable, including unemployment, low wages and personal development, and under the independent variable, which includes Productiveness, Competitiveness and Efficiency. The research methodology involves selecting a sample of 486 staff from 15 financial institutions in the North and South-West regions of Cameroon using Bowley's formula. The analysis reveals that there is a significant effect of unemployment on the Productiveness of financial institutions in the North and South-West regions of Cameroon. It also reveals that there is a significant effect of low wages on the Competitiveness of financial institutions in the North and South-West regions of Cameroon. Personal development was also found to have a significant effect on the Efficiency of financial institutions in the North and South-West regions of Cameroon. The study concludes that growth and development strategies be adopted and implemented to a great extent to enhance performance. Financial institutions should employ a personal differentiation strategy to improve customer satisfaction and reduce turnover rates. By addressing this issue, financial institutions can reduce workforce mobility and enhance their financial stability and overall performance, thus contributing to economic development in the North and South-West regions of Cameroon.  

Abstract

The study’s primary goal research is to analyze the impact of accounting information on the stock prices of publicly traded agricultural firms in Nigeria. The precise goals are to determine whether the Asset Turnover Ratio (ATR),Debt-Equity Ratio (DER), Dividend per share (DPS) and Earnings per Share (EPS), of the investigated companies have an impact on their Market Value from 2018-2022. This investigation made use of an ex-post facto research strategy. The firm’s annual audited financial statements provided the secondary data used for this analysis. Using E-views 9.0 statistical software, the researchers conducted three different types of analyses (Pooled Regression, Random Effect Model, and Fixed Effect Model). The Fixed Effect Model best fits the data, according to the Hausman test results. The market value was found to be inversely connected to both the ATR and DER for the study period, while the EPS and DPS were found to have a positive relationship with the MV of listed agricultural firms in Nigeria over the study period. Therefore, the study suggested that agricultural business leaders prioritize tactics that increase profitability to maximize the positive effect of EPS and DPS on market value. Investors in publicly traded agricultural companies want to know how the company is doing financially, so the companies should regularly publish their results.  

Abstract

The Internet of Things and blockchain technology integration improves evidence privacy andaccessibility in networked systems. With smart contracts, it guarantees tamper-proof datasharing, decentralised identity management, and automated, reliable interactions. Transparentandimmutable transaction recording is made possible by blockchain technology, adecentralized secure digital ledger system. Data integrity is ensured via cryptographic methods,promoting confidence and obviating the need for middlemen. From cryptocurrency to supplychain administration and other fields, this idea has found uses. In many areas, Blockchaintechnology is essential. The Internet of Things and blockchain technology together can providesignificantly more benefits and increase security. The Internet of Things is utilised for manyvarious sorts of applications, such as data storage, data transformation, etc. In this regard,blockchain technology greatly aids in providing effective security.  

Abstract

"Once upon a time" might be among the most powerful phrase in human communication. Stories do not just become a lens through how we view our world but also resonate with our personal history and experiences.Man is known as the "Storytelling Animals" given stories are essential to our preservation.For thousands of years, myths, legends, and folktales have been used to transmit culture, knowledge, and wisdom.Stories are instruments for structuring thought and preservingmemories or for comprehension of ongoing change by analysing and rereading the present while conscious of the past and the future. Thereis a story about King Ameh Oboni the Great; Princess Inikpi Oma-ufedo Baba; Oma-Odoko and the Jukun War.  A people and a region's ability to stand out and experience sustainable cultural identity and development is significantly impacted by how individuals, institutions and cultural communities perceive and support their storytelling. Storytellingis presented as a tool that individuals, institutions and communities of Igala ancestral descent can use to encourage and manage stakeholder engagement in a multilevel process for promoting cultural heritage and identity.The research design used in the study was historical. The Igalas must establish a connection of applicability between earlier history and contemporary realities to comprehend the issues facing their current society historically.The art of storytelling is connected to the practice of concluding how people must organize themselves politically and socially from first-principles truths.Corporate storytelling relies on three perspectives: Social construction, Organisational symbolism (or organisational storytelling), and Storytelling management. Central to all these stories are values of perseverance, sacrifice, preservation, and honesty, which have contributed significantly tothe Igalas' societal foundations. The Igala community are lay experts on their culture and localities in ways that go beyond certified and authorised planning and recognized boundaries.To avoid mistakes of the past and create a clear future, Igala generations today must become committed authors of their heritage and identity.Using colonial accounts and surviving oral history, the Igalas’ should define and dissect historical narratives, uncover gaps and pave the future cultural identity way.  

Abstract

The present study investigates various dimensions of energy storage technologies, integration of renewable energy sources, and energy accessibility in Nigeria, explicitly emphasizing their economic ramifications. This study examines historical data about energy generation costs and energy access in different regions of Nigeria to identify significant patterns and obstacles. Examining energy generation expenses underscores various energy sources' ecological and financial dimensions. Using natural gas and coal is associated with significant environmental challenges primarily stemming from their substantial carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. On the other hand, renewable energy sources, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power, exhibit cost competitiveness in electricity generation and minimal emissions. Nevertheless, the intermittent nature of renewable energy requires implementing energy storage solutions. Hydropower has emerged as a financially appealing alternative due to its historically low cost per kilowatt-hour (kWh). While energy storage has historically been associated with higher costs, its significant role in facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources and improving the stability of electrical grids is undeniable. The study's investigation into energy access and generation in different regions of Nigeria exposes significant disparities in electricity access rates and total generation capacities. Due to its substantial population and comparatively robust energy infrastructure, Lagos confronts the possibility of encountering capacity deficiencies, notwithstanding its relatively elevated access rate. Kano, a region known for its relatively low electricity access rate and significant population, necessitates substantial capacity expansion to mitigate its energy deficit. Abuja exhibits a moderate level of electricity access, indicating the presence of potential areas for enhancement to cater to its expanding population adequately. Significantly, in alignment with sustainable energy objectives, there has been a notable rise in renewable energy generation in Lagos, Kano, and Abuja. The findings above underscore the significant importance of energy storage in bridging the gap between renewable energy sources and consistent supply, particularly in densely populated regions such as Lagos, Kano, and Abuja. When contemplating the efficiency and capacity that is necessary, These observations underscore the significance of making strategic investments in energy storage technologies and renewable energy sources to enhance energy accessibility, enhance grid dependability, and foster sustainable development within Nigerian industries.  

Abstract

Until quite recently the escalating falling standard in the usage of English Language by Nigerian journalists has received wide condemnation by relevant stakeholders such as: the academia, media audience, and Veterans of the journalism profession. The study was carried out to determine the consequences of the falling standard in journalistic profession and media audience. It emphasized that falling standard in English Language among Nigerian Journalists constitute a problem to both the educated and uneducated readers and consequently lead to lack of patronage of the medium. The Social Responsibility Theory and Gatekeeping Media Theory were used to anchor the study. In-depth interview was used for the study. Responses from the interview conducted show that indeed there exist falling standard in the English Language usage by Nigerian Journalists. The study concluded that Nigerian Journalists must make concerted efforts to ensure that their English Language usage conform to the rules of standard English Language. Based on the conclusion reached it was recommended that: standard English should be taught and used in print and broadcast media organizations; mass communication or journalism departments in tertiary institution should employ tested grammarians-be they journalism or English scholars who should teach students grammar course from their first to final year.   

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic and rapid technological advancements have triggered profound disruptions in the legal landscape, leading to court closures, mounting backlogs, and challenges in providing accessible justice. In response, the concept of embracing a digital society has emerged as a transformative solution to reshape the future of courts and justice. This research paper examines the implications of transitioning into a digital society of the legal domain, with a primary focus on legal technology, the distinction between automation and innovation, and the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the court system. Additionally, the paper delves into the significance of audio, paper, and video hearings as alternative dispute resolution methods, highlighting their advantages and considerations. In the evolving landscape of the legal field, the importance of online methods in Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) cannot be overstated. As the digital society continues to take shape, the need to adapt and integrate online ADR methods becomes increasingly imperative. Online ADR offers several distinct advantages, such as accessibility, efficiency, and flexibility. Parties involved in disputes can participate from the comfort of their own homes or offices, eliminating the need for physical presence and reducing associated costs and time constraints. The paper also investigates the potential of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) platforms, AI-driven decision support, and the adoption of smart contracts on blockchain technology to streamline legal processes and contract enforcement. While embracing technological innovations, the paper emphasises the need to address challenges related to data privacy, cybersecurity, and ensuring equitable access to justice. In conclusion, this paper advocates for a forward-thinking approach in navigating the complexities of the digital era. By leveraging technology and fostering innovation, courts can create a more resilient, adaptable, and user-friendly legal system that upholds the principles of justice while embracing the boundless possibilities of the future.  

Abstract

The rapid development of educational informationization has brought challenges to Chinese calligraphy education, but also brought a rare opportunity for development. The innovative teaching mode of information technology is a new teaching method. Through the "online and offline" teaching mode, it can not only effectively improve the teaching quality of teachers and students, but also effectively make up for the problem of insufficient space and time in traditional teaching, realize the goal of integration in class and extracurricular, and give students more opportunities for independent learning. This paper discusses the innovative teaching mode that integrates offline practice and online "APP" in calligraphy class, and explores its practical application from the aspects of teaching strategy and teaching evaluation. The author finds that students are more willing to accept the innovative teaching mode of information technology, and the innovative teaching mode can more effectively improve students' learning interest and learning quality, thus effectively improving teaching quality. This study applied the information innovation teaching mode to calligraphy classroom teaching, designed the specific teaching process, and proved its effectiveness through practice.  

Abstract

Reinforced concrete (RC) is one of the most widely used building materials in the world. Civil engineering structures mostly utilize components constructed of RC in a variety of shapes and sizes. Reinforcing steel and concrete together resist(tension and compression) respectively, in reinforced concrete; the reinforcing bar, however, also resists shear, tensile, and compressive stresses. Cross-sectional area of plain cement concrete is taken into account while performing analysis by any software;however, reinforcement bar area is not taken into account.The aim of the study is to check behaviour of change in vary compression and tension reinforcement of the doubly reinforced beam from minimum to maximum as suggested in IS456:2000. Towards that experimentation designed testing of 90 beams with varying depth and tension reinforcement with compression reinforcement. The study focused on effect of variation in compression reinforcement.  

Abstract

In contemporary China,part-time job of college physical education teachers has become one of the important ways for colleges to serve the society. The social part-time job of physical education teachers in colleges and universities in Shijiazhuang plays an important role in the development of social economy. With the increase of demand for sports social services, sports social services in colleges and universities appear to be in short supply. Based on this, this study studies the problems existing in social part-time jobs of physical education teachers in colleges and universities in Shijiazhuang. There are 5 colleges and universities in Shijiazhuang with 159 active PE teachers .In terms of the impact of social part-time jobs on individuals, most respondents believe that colleges and universities have no policies to support part-time jobs and department leaders do not approve them, which are the most serious problems, resulting in bad effects on participation in part-time jobs and evaluation. Therefore, to promote college physical education teachers to participate in social part-time work and better serve the society, it is necessary for the Shijiazhuang government, colleges and universities, physical education teachers and society to work together to formulate policies, standardize management, improve literacy and provide platforms.  

Abstract

In elementary schools, teachers are frequently confronted with an increasing number of unpleasant bullying behaviors, which result in a loss of valuable classroom instruction time. Moreover, academic achievement is negatively impacted for victims of bullying when compared to non-bullied pupils. The prevention of bullying is achievable through the collaborative efforts of the entire community, including school-wide and community-based involvement. This study aimed to investigate teachers' perspectives on community involvement in school bullying prevention, with the ultimate goal of reducing the prevalence of school bullying. The researcher utilized a survey questionnaire to gather quantitative and qualitative data. The study was conducted in the Division of Baguio City. Elementary teachers firmly believe that schools take a proactive stance in the fight against bullying. They strongly advocate for the formation of active partnership with parents, barangay officials, and faith-based organization. Moreover, comprehensive and coordinated community activities have the greatest impact on preventing and reducing bullying. A passive community fosters the growth of bullying, whereas active participation from potential community partners, such as barangay officials, faith-based organizations, and parents, maximizes the community's potential for creating an inclusive environment for all students to thrive in and a safe learning environment free from bullying.  

Abstract

The study investigates how Nigerian healthcare delivery is affected by alternatives for fiscal autonomy. In order to provide healthcare services to its citizens, a state must have the ability to generate revenue on its own. The provision of these fundamental socioeconomic benefits necessitates massive government spending and autonomy. Therefore, it has become important that all levels of government generate enough revenue to expand healthcare services, spur economic growth, and generate wealth. Fiscal autonomy was measured as a ratio of internally generated revenue to federal allocation. Time series data from the Central Bank, the Joint Tax Board, the State Board of Internal Revenue, and the National Bureau of Statistics' annual reports were used in the analysis. Theories of economic growth, economic development, and fiscal autonomy were reviewed. The association between state healthcare services and fiscal autonomy is examined using the instrumental variable three-stage least squares (3SLS) panel estimation method. The estimated model, which was based on an augmented Cobb-Douglas production function, is consistent with David Wheeler's work from 1980. To determine the instrument among the three-stage and two stage least square, the Hansen-Sargan test was used. To determine the reliable of estimates, the Hausman's test was used. The outcome also supports the hypothesis that an increase in fiscal autonomy is a significant driver of an increase in healthcare services among states and economic development at large in Nigeria. The research study recommends increasing the fiscal autonomy of states in Nigeria as one of the ways to increase the GDP per capita growth rate in those states. Furthermore, states should invest in healthcare services and manpower training, as seen in the significant and negative impact of healthcare, to provide citizens with access to primary healthcare and live birth registration, as well as to increase the GDP per capita growth rate in Nigerian states.  

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this review is to provide the current status of TENS applications in dentistry. Data: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-pharmacological method of pain alleviation. It can be used for pain management while performing dental procedures and also in various conditions affecting Orofacial region. It focuses on the history of therapeutic dentistry, mechanism of action, components of TENS, types, techniques, advantages, contraindications and precautions, applications and effectiveness of TENS in the management of orofacial pain. Sources: PubMed, Google scholar are the main sources in providing various articles with adequate information. Study selection: The article is a review collected from various review articles related to TENS and it’s application in dentistry. Conclusion: TENS therapy can be used as an adjuvant therapy for pain management and to perform various procedures in dentistry. It is safe, non-invasive, can be self-administered and has less side effects than compared to others. Clinical significance: TENS being a non invasive technique with almost no side effects can be used in majority patients as means of pain reduction rather than prescribing analgesic medications for a long period of time.  

Abstract

There is a need for solid and hazardous waste management in Ado-Ekiti metropolis, as a result of effects of development and urbanisation, with the consequent increase in consumption patterns of urban dwellers. In other words, the growth of the city in recent times has shown in population increase and expansion in the area covered. These expansions have not in most cases, correspondent planning strategies. Hence, there is pressure on available infrastructure and social amenities in the metropolis. This has, therefore, given rise to the challenge of ensuring sustainable environment andmaintain the health of the people. This is becoming more serious fromthe attendant numerous problems that are affecting the agencies responsible for waste disposal within and around the metropolis. Both primary and secondary data were sought while a simple statistical method of percentage was employed and applied in the analysis. Findings reveal, that the waste management problems emerging from the metropolis originate from inadequacy of infrastructural management, inadequate funding coupled with poor planning, the non-stream line of the activities of the institutions responsible for waste disposal aswell as the attitude of the urban dwellers. This paper, therefore, advocates need for the government to find out thereal costs implications of the different arms of the metropolis’ waste management system, the co-ordination of activities of hygiene as well as enlighteningstakeholders in the metropolis on the issues of environmental education. In addition, the following waste disposal strategies are advanced: burning of solid waste, refusing, reducing, reusing and recycling.  

Abstract

The most productive years of a woman’s life and her reproductive years are in the same period. Pregnancy causes different physiological and anatomical alterations in a woman’s body that help in adaptations to allow the growth of the foetus. These changes demand nutritious food, adequate rest, and timely health checkups in the prenatal and post-natal period. A working woman has to take a break from her job to have proper rest before and after childbirth. Money is required to meet the expenses incurred in purchasing nutritious food, visiting gynaecologists for health checkups, and institutional delivery. To meet these compulsions, paid maternity leaves have been legislated for female workers in organized sectors in several countries. However, such provisions are not available for female workers in unorganized sectors. The governments of different countries are implementing innovative conditional maternity benefit schemes and the current study is focussed on checking the awareness of India’s Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) among the potential beneficiaries in Haryana state. The study involves different statistical tests such as descriptive statistics, item analysis (using commonalities, Cronbach’s Alpha if item deleted, item-total correlation, and inter-item correlation), factor analysis (using Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO), Bartlett’s test statistics), factor extraction, and hypothesis testing related to differences in awareness using IBM SPSS Statistics v29.0 software. The study is useful for potential beneficiaries and policymakers to make PMMVY a better maternity benefit scheme in terms of implementation and utilization.     

Abstract

Food insecurity has become endemic in most developing urban areas, which needs attention. Acquisitions and conversion of open spaces to non-agricultural uses are increasing due to urbanization and industrialization. The conversion of urban open spaces/lands to residential, industrial/ commercial uses may have limited the spaces for agricultural practices leading to a shortage of food production in most countries. However, the effects of the conversion on food security/insecurity in most urban areas are poorly understood. This study unpacked the implication of converting urban open spaces/lands to other uses on food security. The objectives of the study are; to find out the trends in the acquisition of urban open spaces, who owns and sells the lands, who buys the lands, and for what purpose, and find out the food insecurity implication. The study used both primary and secondary data; the primary data were generated through a field survey, while the secondary data were collected from the archives of Okene Land Office, which revealed the yearly data on the open spaces acquisition. The area was, divided into ten (10) administrative wards, and Random-sampling techniques were used for the survey. Two hundred (200) copies of questionnaires were sent to the ten administrative divisions with Twenty (20) copies to each division. These were subsequently retrieved and analyzed. The study revealed that the rate of conversion of open spaces/lands to non-agricultural land uses has increased from 1.65% in 2005 to 14.9% in 2020. About 61% of the lands were, converted to Residential uses, 25% for commercial/industrial uses, and 13.3% for agricultural uses. The prices of land decrease away from the urban center towards the periphery except where intervening factors such as rugged surfaces, hillsides, hilltops, swampy, and shreds of gullies found within the urban centers. The non-agricultural uses of the open spaces have reduced the level of food production in the area and limited the peoples' food access resulting in food insecurity.  

Abstract

Social media emerged as a platform characterized by vigorous discussions about COVID-19 vaccines, accompanied by a noticeable surge in comments that discourage COVID-19 vaccination. This phenomenon highlights the intricate nature of social media's impact. Hence, the research aimed to evaluate audiences’ knowledge, attitudes, and responses towards social media messages on the COVID-19 vaccine among social media users in South-east Nigeria. Specifically, the study explored social media users’ level of awareness, knowledge, attitude and response towards social media messages on the COVID-19 vaccine. The survey research design was adopted for the research. The population of the study is 14,684,504, which is the population of internet users in South-east Nigeria. A sample size of 384 was obtained using the formula provided by Aroaye (2004). Three hundred and eight four copies of the online questionnaire created using Google form were used to gather the opinions of social media users in South-east, Nigeria on the topic. The findings revealed that all respondents were aware of the COVID-19 vaccine, with Facebook being the preferred platform for vaccine updates. However, the majority of respondents agreed that social media messages on the COVID-19 vaccine promoted hesitancy towards the vaccine. Based on the findings, the researchers recommended that public health authorities and organizations, such as WHO, CDC, and NCDC, among others, adopt tailored messaging strategies that address misconceptions, enhance vaccine knowledge, and emphasize the safety and efficacy of the vaccine.  

Abstract

Terminal illness is a very challenging burden to live with. Most people who go through this usually experience psychological, social, spiritual and physical distress which may lead them to suicidality. Palliative care is a health care system that aims to help patients with terminal illnesses relieve and prevent their suffering. This study aimed to determine whether a novel palliative care technique, dignity therapy, is effective for alleviating distress in terminally ill patients through a systematic review of available literature in eight databases- Pub Med, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Ajol, Mendeley, and Pro-quest. A total of 35 studies were identified but 17 met the selection criteria (Total sample size = 610, Mean = 60.51). Dignity Therapy showed a significant effect on well-being, sense of purpose, communication, self-expression, connection with loved ones, anxiety, depression, demoralization, and hopelessness. DT was also widely accepted by both participants and family members. In conclusion, DT is valuable as a palliative treatment of terminally ill patients and should be explored as a treatment alternative for depression and anxiety in other Patient groups.  

Abstract

Problem: Literature suggest that treatment of digital eye strain (DES) prescribed by health professionals is not highly effective in reducing the symptoms of it. This demands an additional management to be prescribed along with the current treatment for DES. Exercise is one of the potential emerging additional strategies in the conservative management of DES. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the influence of eye exercise (EE)among primary school students with DES. Methodology: A Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) score of 6 was used to identify the subjects with DES, followed by ophthalmologist examination. Then, the subjects were allocated into two groups. Group A (n = 15) received conventional therapy (CT) (artificial tears and the 20-20-20 rule) and EE (pencil push-ups, eye-rolling, and palming). Group B (n = 11) received CT. Both groups underwent treatment for a period of six weeks. Before and after treatment, CVS-Q was administered to all participants. Treatment outcome was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Findings: The results revealedtatistical significance within group A (p = 0.001), and across groups (p = 0.006), and statistical non-significant within group B (p = 0.104).These results suggest that exercise is beneficial in lessening the severity of DES among school students. Conclusion: The EE may be prescribed along with the CT to reduce the severity of DES among primary school students.  

Abstract

This research study focuses on the social enterprise of terracotta artisans in Gorakhpur, with a specific emphasis on sustainable development and cultural preservation. The study analyzes data collected from the off farm producers’ organization (OFPO) located in Gulhariya, block which has successfully mobilized and organized 260 artisans involved in the craft of terracotta products. This research study explores the rich history and cultural significance of terracotta handicrafts in the Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It highlights the economic impact of the art form and the benefits of Off Farm Producers Organizations (OFPOs) in promoting economic self-sufficiency for non-farming producers, such as terracotta artisans. The study focuses on a specific OFPO in Gorakhpur, detailing its registered office, the number and demographics of artisans involved, and the role of shareholders and the Board of Directors. The study also presents the results of a chi-square test, which reveals a significant association between gender and the success and sustainability of the terracotta artisan social enterprise in the selected research area. Overall, this study contributes to understanding the importance of preserving traditional crafts, supporting local economies, and empowering rural artisans through OFPOs and other implementing agencies.. It is found that the majority of artisans are female, with a total of 127 female artisans and 88 male artisans. Additionally, a significant number of male artisans belong to Scheduled Castes (SC) and Other Backward Classes (OBC), while female artisans also come from diverse backgrounds including SC, OBC, and minority communities.All members of the organization are actively engaged in terracotta activity, and there are 215 shareholders who have invested in the organization. The shareholders also participate in terracotta crafting. Among the shareholders, there is a slightly higher representation of female shareholders. Furthermore, the study examines the association between gender, social stratification and the success and sustainability of the social enterprise. Chi-square tests reveal a significant association, with p-values less than 0.05. This indicates that gender plays a significant role in influencing the success and sustainability of the social enterprise of terracotta artisans in Gorakhpur.Overall, this research study highlights the importance of social enterprises in promoting sustainable development and cultural preservation while identifying gender as a critical factor in their success and sustainability.  

Abstract

The pharmaceutical industry stands on the precipice of a transformative era, with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques playing a pivotal role in reshaping drug discovery processes. This article delves into the cutting-edge AI techniques that are revolutionizing pharmaceutical research, including Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Reinforcement Learning (RL), and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs). By harnessing the power of these AI tools, the pharmaceutical sector is poised to accelerate drug development, reduce costs, and bring life-changing therapies to patients faster than ever before. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have emerged as a promising AI technique in drug discovery. GANs facilitate the generation of novel molecules with desired properties, enabling researchers to explore a vast chemical space efficiently. By training a generator and discriminator network to compete with each other, GANs can create molecular structures that hold the potential to become breakthrough drugs. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have found application in understanding the intricate relationships within biological data. With their ability to process sequential data, RNNs can analyze genetic sequences, predict protein structures, and identify potential drug targets. The ability to decipher complex biological information at scale accelerates the identification of novel drug candidates. Reinforcement Learning (RL) brings reinforcement learning techniques into the world of drug discovery. RL algorithms can optimize drug design by learning from trial-and-error simulations. Researchers can use RL to fine-tune drug properties, such as binding affinity or bioavailability, leading to more effective and safer medications. Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have gained traction for their ability to generate novel molecular structures while preserving important chemical features. By encoding and decoding molecular representations, VAEs can help researchers explore chemical space more systematically. This not only accelerates drug discovery but also enables the design of tailored medications for specific patient populations. AI techniques also play a critical role in drug repurposing, a cost-effective strategy to identify new therapeutic uses for existing drugs. By analyzing vast datasets, AI algorithms can uncover hidden connections between drugs and diseases, potentially fast-tracking the development of treatments for previously unaddressed conditions.  

Abstract

People have been dependent over each other for their needs since centuries. No man and in that context no country is self reliant in the strictest sense of the term. While agriculturalist countries depend on industrial countries for meeting their needs, the Industrial countries are dependent of other countries for the supply of food grains and raw material. Hence selling and purchasing has been a normal human activity since centuries. It is also a fact that before Industrial Revolution the needs and necessities of common people were rather few. All what they needed used to be produced by then in the fields or they used to purchase them from street hawkers. There was scarcity of everything. People lacked money which in turn never allowed them to think beyond their sources. Life had been revolving for satiating the need of bread and butter. Just about a century back people would find it difficult to meet both ends of their life in India. It is still the same in a number of developing or underdeveloped countries. Even in India, there are many states where people die of starvation. But one must agree that selling and purchasing are the economic activities which one does day in and day out. From barter system to Online shopping purchasing patterns of people have witnessed great change. This research paper is based on a survey conducted on Government College Teachers in Haryana regarding their Online Shopping habit patterns.  

Abstract

This study examined challenges of funding and real estate project delivery in Nigeria. The objectives were to: determine the extent to which materials price fluctuation contributes to poor funding of real estate projects; determine the effect that interest rate has on funding of real estate projects; ascertain whether level of income significantly contributes to poor funding of real estate projects; determine the extent to which foreign exchange rate affects funding of real estate projects, and; determine whether limited access to funds is a contributory factor to poor funding of real estate projects. The study adopted a survey design. The research instrument for data collection was questionnaire. The population of the study comprise 300 project coordinators of selected Real Estate firms in Nigeria. The hypotheses were tested using t-test score from multiple regression analysis. The result indicated that materials price fluctuation, interest rate, level of income, and foreign exchange rate are significant funding factors that affect real estate project delivery with foreign exchange rate having the highest effect. Based on the findings, the study concludes that an effective funding arrangement must be put in place considering the identified funding factors. Hence, the study recommends a strong stable economy that will be capable of reducing and stabilizing foreign exchange rates, interest rates, fluctuations in the price of building materials and improved level of income so as to enhance funding and delivery of real estate projects in Nigeria.  

Abstract

The global issue of excessive plastic waste accumulation presents a significant environmental challenge. In recent years, researchers and engineers have been actively exploring innovative approaches to address this problem. This study specifically focuses on the utilization of plastic waste as an effective additive in bituminous concrete for construction purposes. The objective is to not only reduce plastic waste but also enhance the performance of asphalt pavements. The research involved conducting laboratory experiments to examine the impact of incorporating plastic waste into bituminous mixtures. Various physical properties, including stability, Marshall stability, and flow value, were assessed. To achieve this, different types of plastic waste such as carry bags and bin linings were cut into small pieces, coated over hot aggregate, mixed with hot bitumen, and prepared for construction. The resulting mixture of polymer-coated aggregate and bitumen demonstrated increased Marshall stability values and reduced air voids.  

Abstract

Conformity is one of the sub themes of Strain Theory propounded by Robert K. Merton delineating various causes and effects of strain in a society. There are different forms of strain in the social structure of the society. It is a universally accepted theory by most of the thinkers and men of literature. Aravind Adiga has also taken up the social problem of strain in his novels. He has depicted several facets of social strain in Indian society. He discusses the theme of conformity and non-conformity in his celebrated novels. He points out that the causes of strain are interwoven in the structure of the society itself. In a society there are different social structures based on caste, gender, religion, poverty, etc. All these structures create situations for strain in the society and compel human beings to conform to them. Sometimes, people conform to the established norms, traditions and conventions of society; however, if they differ from them, they are bound to commit crimes and anti-social activities. Arvind Adiga has highlighted these aspects of social strain especially depicting the conformity in his novels.  

Abstract

The present study addresses the conceptual understanding of professional dispositions and its significance in the pedagogical practices at tertiary level of education. Professional dispositions are the ethical values, personal beliefs and novel ideas of educators that engage moral principles like social justice, accountability and honesty aligned with educational standards. Such dispositions are more than the knowledge of subject content, systematic academic planning and instructional skills. In other words, it is one of the most important skill sets of educators that help the optimization of academic excellence by deploying an array of pedagogical resources to build positive interpersonal and productive pedagogical relationships with the learners. In regard to this, the present study attempts to show that these dispositions facilitate educators to ease and ameliorate pedagogical practices so as to meet the varied levels of learners’ capacity. For instance, educators engage high standard communicative techniques for promoting students’ autonomy in functioning academic performance, expected behavior, seeking continual amelioration in teaching performances, ensuring fair communications, accommodating diverse learners’ requirements and so on. In view of this, it is argued that the professional dispositions must be valued and observed correspondingly in pedagogical practice without fashioning any hierarchical prominence. The paper thus argues that professional dispositions are not limited to the pedagogical skills or professional training manuals but the real virtues of professional dispositions are substantially significant to develop self-efficacy, value pedagogical relations and maintain commitments towards professional responsibilities.

Abstract

Poisoning is a significant global public health problem and the third leading cause of death worldwide after road traffic accidents and fire arm injury. According to WHO, in 2012 an estimated 193,460 people died worldwide from unintentional poisoning. Of these 84% occurred in developing countries. The incidence of poisoning in India is among the highest in the world. It is estimated that more than 50,000 people die every year from toxic exposure. Objective: To determine and associate the histopathological changes in liver, kidney, lungs and heart associated with agriculture poisons. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among poisoning cases were brought to R.L. Jalappa hospital mortuary, Kolar. Institutional central ethical clearance was obtained. The cases were brought to the mortuary for medico-legal autopsy, out of which, death resulting from either suicidal, homicidal or accidental poisoning were identified and selected for this study. Results: The present study included 32 cases in the age group of 20-60 years with the mean age of 44 years. The most common poison used was organophosphorus compound. Histopathological changes in visceral organs were studied and the most common changes were centrilobular necrosis, sinusoidal dilation and congestion in liver, acute tubular necrosis in kidney and pulmonary congestion and oedema in lungs.  Conclusion: Histopathological changes in major organs where poison acts, either by absorption or eliminated may be helpful in deciphering the cause of death based on the organ failure.   

Abstract

The study examined the effect of eco-labelling strategies on customers purchase intention for non-alcoholic beverages in South-South Nigeria. The research design method that was adopted is the cross sectional survey research design. The population for the study consists of customers of non-alcoholic beverages in South-South Nigeria. The sample size was 384 customers of non-alcoholic beverages. The study employed the stratified sampling technique. The research instrument that was used is the structured questionnaire whose response format is in the five-point Likert scale form. To establish the reliability of the instrument test retest reliability was used. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regressions. Findings showed that message framing, sponsorship trust, green washing, eco-label control system and fair-trade depiction had significant positive effect on customers purchase intention for non-alcoholic beverages in South-South Nigeria. The study concluded that eco-labelling strategies had significant positive effect on customers purchase intention for non-alcoholic beverages in South-South Nigeria. The study recommended amongst others that non-alcoholic beverage firms should carefully design eco-labels to resonate with their target audience and convey the environmental benefits of their non-alcoholic beverages in a clear and appealing manner.  

Abstract

The study examined the effects of digital marketing on customers purchase intention of smartphones in South-South Nigeria. The research employed the cross-sectional survey research design method. The population of the study was limited to customers of smartphone dealers in South-South Nigeria. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size of 384 respondents’. The study used the stratified random sampling method. Structured questionnaire was used in the study to obtain data. The reliability of the instrument was assessed through a test-retest reliability method. The data collected for the study were analysed by using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Findings showed that digital marketing explained 65% of the variations in customers purchase intention. The study concluded that e-mail marketing, display advertising, social media marketing, affiliate marketing and influencer marketing had significant positive effect on customers purchase intention of smartphonesin South-South Nigeria. The study recommended amongst others that smartphones companies should collaborate with influencers whose audience matches their target demographic and share an affinity for smartphones

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of stakeholder management on project success in selected World Bank financed projects in Somali region. An explanatory research design approach was used to conduct the study. 172 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to employees of Development response to displacement impact project (DRDIP) and Lowland Livelihood Resilience Project (LLRP). Based on the154 returned questionnaires the response rate was 89.5% and enables the researcher to conduct the data analysis using the SPSS version 26 statistical tool. Descriptive, correlational, and multiple regression analyses were therefore carried out. The correlation analysis shows that stakeholder identification, manage stakeholder engagement, and monitor stakeholder engagement are positively and moderately associated with project success but plan stake holder engagement are not significantly associated with project success. The multiple regression analysis revealed that stakeholder identification (β=0.425), plan stakeholder engagement (β=0.074,), manage stakeholder engagement (β = 0.274,), and monitor stakeholder engagement (β =0.267) has a significant effect on project success. Additionally the regression analysis shows (adjusted R square =0.696, p<0.05) which means 69.6 % variation in project success  explained through a change in all independent variables of stakeholder management. Generally, this study indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between stakeholder management and project success in World Bank financed projects in the region. The study recommends World Bank to prepare a more suitablestake holder engagement strategic plan that provides an actionable plan to interact effectively with stakeholders and answer stakeholder interests and constraints, and to take corrective and preventive actions to improve the level of stakeholder engagement to secure project success.  

Abstract

The study examines the effects of IFRS adoption on the earnings management of published financial statements in Nigeria.  Using the modified Jones (1995) model to proxy earnings management and examining 87 non-financial firms for 10 years, the results show that the mean of key variables was lower in the post-IFRS than in the pre-IFRS period. On further testing of the significant difference between the mean of the discretional accrual in the pre and post IFRS era, results show a significant difference with the t-statistic being significant at 5%, further emphasizing that earnings management is drastically reduced by the implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).In conclusion, the various tests conducted show that the introduction of IFRS in Nigeria has had a good and significant influence on the quality of public financial information in Nigeria by reducing earnings mismanagement.  

Abstract

Problem :The rate at which research is falsified, data is fabricated, and works are plagiarised is alarming, especially in Nigeria, where the incentive for research is low. Previous studies have focused on other factors, like institutional variables, that influence research integrity. Yet, attention has not been paid to mentorship practices with their sub variables on research integrity, and this is the gap that this study covered. Methodology : The study adopted an expost facto research design with a census approach to select 675 Ph.D. students. The Mentorship Practices and Research Integrity Scale (MPRIS) questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument had a high validity and reliability index established using experts and the Cronbach alpha method. Simple and multiple linear regressions were used for data analysis. Findings: Findings revealed that cloning, nurturing, and apprenticeship relatively and collectively contribute to ECR's research integrity. The proportion of variance explained by each of the variables, though not high, was significant for each variable. Conclusion/implication: The study has provided empirical evidence that mentorship practices are crucial contributors to research integrity. The result can provide policymakers with a proper understanding of the practices that can help early-career researchers develop standard procedures for research activities.  

Abstract

This study focused on health journalism's crucial role in shaping public opinion and behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on Nigerian newspapers (Daily Sun, The Guardian, Vanguard, This Day, and Daily Trust). The research aimed to evaluate the newspapers' COVID-19 coverage, strengths, and weaknesses, emphasizing the importance of accurate health information during outbreaks. The study investigated the volume and depth of COVID-19 coverage, the reporting formats used, major news sources, and dominant frames employed. Using a content analysis research method, the study examined 5,480 editions of the newspapers as the population, selecting a sample size of 315 through multi-stage sampling. Data collection was conducted using the constructed week approach, and data were obtained from newspapers. The analysis revealed that COVID-19 coverage dominated all major health outbreaks in Nigeria among the selected newspapers at 61.92%. Reports with a length below one-quarter page were the prevailing depth, accounting for 49.39% of the coverage. Straight news format was the dominant mode for reporting COVID-19 news at 38.74%. Government agencies were the major news sources for COVID-19 coverage at 31.72%, and the human interest frame was the dominant approach at 31.00%. Results from the null hypotheses showed no significant difference in the volume of COVID-19 reports, the depth of coverage, the format used, and the dominant frame employed among the selected newspapers. Based on the findings, the study recommended continuous training for journalists to enhance information dissemination during public health crises, increased attention from both the government and media on public health issues, and a research-oriented approach to news gathering and reporting for journalists covering health-related news

Abstract

To Purpose of the study wasto investigate the implementation of sports marketing and sponsorship in hadiyahossanna football club.Descriptive survey method was designed for this study and the research applied for this study was a quantitative method in nature. The data collected by Questionnaires from employer coaching staff, player and administrative staff.  The research data and information collected from sports marketing and sponsorship variables. The target population of this study was selected administrative staff, coaching staff and hadiya hosanna football club players. (N=42).The researcher selected by using purposive sampling techniques 42 employers from selected employer and players. After data were collected, the analysed by SPSS Software (Version 26). Such as mean, standard deviation, one way ANOVA for the comparison of each variable mean deference and correlational analysis for the purpose of correlation of the major variables. The level of significance is set at 0.05 alpha levels.  The researcher assumption/hypothesis of this study was: (1)There is no significant difference between implementation of sports marketing and sponsorship tools used by hadiyahossanna football club. (2) There is no significant difference between the effect of implementing sports marketing and sponsorship there educational back ground and work experience used by hadiyahossanna football club.(3)There is no relationship between the implementation of sports marketing and sponsorship in hadiyahossanna football club. Based on the investigation the results of the study show that :- (a) There is no significant difference between Leadership competence and organizational culture variables in selected woredas and hadiya zone sports office. (b) There is no significant difference between the effect of implementing sports marketing and sponsorship there educational back ground and work experience used by hadiyahossanna football club.But,with products and prices in sports marketing there is significant difference.(c) Sports marketing and sponsorshipvariables were positively correlated in hadiya hosanna football club.  

Abstract

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) play a vital role in managing public transportation in Bhopal Smart City, aiming to enhance the efficiency and safety of the city's transportation network. This dissertation explores the implementation of ITS technologies to improve traffic management, reduce congestion, and enhance the overall transportation experience for users. Real-time traffic monitoring, advanced traffic management systems, and intelligent transportation management systems are among the key ITS technologies deployed. The application of ITS technologies in public transportation systems, specifically buses and trains, is a major focus in Bhopal Smart City. Real-time traffic monitoring systems provide transport operators with up-to-date information on traffic conditions, enabling them to modify routes and schedules to minimize delays. Sophisticated traffic management systems analyze traffic patterns and optimize traffic flow by adjusting traffic lights and control devices using data from various sources, including cameras and sensors. Moreover, intelligent transportation management technologies are implemented to enhance the overall transportation experience for users. Passenger information systems provide real-time updates on bus and rail schedules, assisting travelers in better planning their journeys. Mobile ticketing and payment systems simplify and improve the convenience of using public transportation, allowing users to pay fares and purchase tickets using their mobile phones. By leveraging ITS technologies, Bhopal Smart City aims to optimize traffic management, enhance public transportation services, and offer a seamless and efficient transportation experience for its residents and visitors. The integration of real-time monitoring, advanced management systems, and intelligent transportation solutions contributes to the city's vision of a modern and sustainable transportation network. In conclusion, Bhopal Smart City's efforts to transform its public transportation system have come to rely heavily on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The city works to increase efficiency, reduce congestion, and improve user experiences through the use of real-time traffic monitoring, sophisticated traffic management, and intelligent transportation management technologies. In order for the city to realise its goal of a cutting-edge, environmentally friendly, and user-focused transportation network, ITS technologies are essential.  

Abstract

Tech startups are vital entities in the business context that are contributing to the economic and social development of the country. Tech startups are a booming industry segment in Sri Lanka; hence the sector faces many economic and social issues. Quite a large number of tech startupst end to fail and discontinue in their first five years of operation due to different reasons. The most prominent reason for tech startup failure is a mismatch between product and market. This issue has been captured by smart and innovative startups by identifying its failure factors at the beginning stages. Hence, this study focused on developing a framework collaboratively combining outside-in open innovation practices with potential absorptive capacity and environmental dynamism, which is leading to achieving a proper match between product and market in Sri Lankan tech startups while exploiting external collaborations

Abstract

Given the current performance pay distribution method implemented at N University, this paper conducted a survey and research on the current performance pay  satisfaction of full-time teachers at N University with performance pay . The results show that teachers in N universities are generally dissatisfied with performance pay , with an average value of 2.47. It is found that the proportion of performance pay in the total pay is small, which leads to the weak incentive effect of performance pay. In addition, most teachers are not satisfied with the current performance pay , believing that the effort does not match the return and that the current performance pay  cannot truly reflect their performance level.  

Abstract

The study investigated mediating roles of vocational identity and practical skills motivational beliefs on the relationship between vocational mentoring and practical skills engagement among Automobile Technology students in technical colleges in Delta State. In line with these, five research hypotheses were tested. The study employed quasi-experimental research design. The population of the study was 444 year 2 and 3 Automobile Technology students. The sample was made up of 137 Automobile students, which consisted of 81 in the intervention group and 56 in the control group. The questionnaire and rating scale used for data collection were validated by experts, and the overall reliability coefficients were 0.86 and 0.84respectively. Data analysis were carried out using bivariate correlationand Bias Corrected (BO) bootstrap of regression estimates. The moderating effect of gender and age were found not significant except for moderating effect of age on vocational mentoring and practical skill engagement that was significant. It was therefore, recommended among others that technical colleges should have periodic vocational mentoring to foster students’ vocational identity and enhance their Practical skills motivational beliefs and engagement.  

Abstract

The major purpose of this study was to investigate the Management practices and leadership competence in financial sector: the case of privet commercial Banks in addisababa, Ethiopia.  The main issues considered factors that affect the Management practices and leadership competence in Financial sector of privet commercial Banks. To this end, descriptive survey method  was employed. The data collected by Questionnaires from selected Bank employer and managers. The target population of this study was from selected four top two and bottom two privet commercial bank from 2021 working year by using purposive sampling techniques. The total number of participants in this study was 4x25(N=100) employers and managers. The research applied for this study was a quantitative approach in nature. After data were collected, the raw data were entered into the computer and were analysed by SPSS Software (Version 20). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data depending on the nature of the basic research questions, appropriate statistical techniques such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test the normality of data distribution, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA (analysis of variance) were used for data analysis. The level of significance is set at 0.05 alpha levels.  The researcher assumption/hypothesis of this study was: There is no significant difference between Management Practices and Leadership competence in financial sector employer indices Privet commercial Bankin Ethiopia. Finally, the study findings were indicated that: there is significant difference between Management Practices and Leadership competence in financial sector employer indices Privet commercial Bankin Ethiopia, There is no significant difference between Management Practices and Leadership competence in financial sector employer their Age, Educational level and Experience indices Privet commercial Bankin Ethiopia. Finally there was is positive correlation between the variables of Management Practices and Leadership competence of employer indices Privet commercial Bankin Ethiopia.  

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the problems of sports commitment and athlete satisfaction of Oromia league football clubs in the West, East and HorroGuduruwollega zones. Descriptive survey method was designed and approached as a quantitative method. The data was collected by questionnaires. The research data was collected from sports commitment and athlete satisfaction variables. The target population of this study was (3x30=90) andthe researcher selected by using purposive sampling techniques. The data was analysed by SPSS Software (Version 20). Such as mean standard deviation, one-way ANOVA and correlational analysis. The level of significance is 0.05 alpha level. The researchers hypothesis of this study was: (1) There is no significant difference between sports commitments and player satisfaction indices in all selected Oromia league football wollega zones.(2)There is no significant difference between sports commitments and player satisfaction indices in all selected Oromia league football wollega zones.(3)There is no correlation between the variables of sports commitments and player satisfaction indices in all selected Oromia league football wollega zones. Finally, the study findings were indicated that: (a)There is no significant difference between sports commitment and athlete satisfaction of Oromia league football clubs.(b) There is no significant difference between player age and sports commitment in Oromia league football clubs in the West, East and HorroGuduruwollega zones.(c) There is no significant difference between player age and athlete satisfaction in Oromia league football clubs in the  West, East and HorroGuduruwollega zones. Based on the research findings the following recommendations were forwarded: The  club management and players’ should be made a positive linkage and improvement between sports commitmentsand player satisfaction,All clubs management staff and coaching staff should promote Sport commitment andplayer satisfaction.Workshops and short-term training can be held for all of sports management staff and players.

Abstract

This study examines the effect of audit committee characteristics on tax aggressiveness of listed financial firms in Nigeria. The population comprises all the listed financial firms in Nigeria and filtering method was used to arrive at forty-three (43) sampled firms covering the periods of 2012 to 2021. The data were analysed using Pearson correlation matrix, Variance Inflation Factor, Doornik Hansen Normality Test, Heteroskedasticity test, Breusch-Pagan Lagrangian Multiplier Test, Hausman Specification Tests and Wald Test while hypotheses were tested using robust random effect (REM) regression model. The results show that audit committee financial expertise has a significant negative effects on tax aggressiveness of listed financial firms in Nigeria for the period under review. The results also show that audit committee diligence has an insignificant negative effects on tax aggressiveness of listed financial firms in Nigeria for the period under review. The study recommends that the audit committee meetings should be carried out regularly at least one (1) in every quarter to attend to some urgent issues that arise in the organization. This will increase the level of diligence of the audit committee members and subsequently reduce tax aggressive of quoted financial firms in Nigeria. The study also recommends that the number of the audit committee members with financial knowledge should be increased to two-third to enhance the level of diligence in their works and reduce the level of tax aggressiveness of quoted financial firms in Nigeria.  

Abstract

Problem: The paper explores whether the organizational environment of pharmaceutical companies in India have encouraged innovativeness, have helped in diversification and identification of product areas with growth potential, and whether have supported it with allocation of funds for Research and Development for sustained growth. Methodology: Text mining is used to derive frequency of key words from annual reports of Indian Pharmaceutical companies for different years. The key words represent innovativeness, research and development and organizational environment. The latter is represented by factors like leadership, market orientation, technology orientation, human resource management and customer orientation. Suitable metrics are defined and applied for the analysis.Findings: The sample consists of 37 Indian pharmaceutical companies that are listed on the stock exchanges. Our analysis shows that companies with high organizational score have encouraged innovativeness. There is a weak positive relationship between innovation orientation and expenditure on R & D. Not all companies are interested in diversifying or experimenting in new areas.Conclusion: The paper will be useful to policy makers, as before embarking on designing incentive structures and investments in centralized R & D facilities, they should also understand the mind-set of the companies, their abilities and their eagerness to experiment with new ideas. Otherwise, these facilities will remain underutilized. The paper will be useful to companies to understand their organizational environment and points of intervention for future sustained growth.  

Abstract

Within the context of industry-education integration, higher vocational colleges bear significant responsibilities in enhancing the quality of teaching and bolstering the cultivation of professional skills. This research emphasizes the exploration of the efficiency and challenges involved in reshaping the art and design curriculum based on the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) concept. Our findings suggest that implementing an OBE-oriented art and design curriculum can significantly elevate students' learning outcomes and professional skills, yet concurrently poses a series of challenges: such as ensuring the alignment between industry demands and curriculum practicality and adaptability; establishing a scientific and effective comprehensive quality evaluation system; and enhancing students' innovative abilities. To address these, we propose strategies including deepening corporate collaborations; enhancing teachers' professional competencies; developing diversified evaluation systems, and promoting holistic student development. This research offers instructive implications for enhancing the teaching quality of art and design courses and implementing the OBE concept effectively.    

Abstract

Problem: In the face of the demand for high-quality innovative talents brought by the rapid development of the world economy and information technology, college classroom teaching must be changed in time. The outbreak of the novel coronavirus has forced the traditional face-to-face teaching to be replaced by online teaching, which has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to the transformation of college classroom teaching. This paper studies the influence of online teaching on the transformation of classroom teaching in colleges and universities, and discusses the challenges of online teaching in the transformation of classroom teaching.  Methodology: This study adopts a mixed research method which combines quantitative research and qualitative research. Findings: online teaching has a certain degree of influence on the transformation of classroom teaching. The challenges faced by online teaching in the lack of information literacy of teachers and the lack of scientific and systematic assessment mechanism may affect the individual development of students, the satisfaction of their individual needs and the improvement of their independent learning ability. Conclusion: Online teaching is effective in promoting the transformation of college classroom teaching and has a positive impact on the development of students. Some of the challenges students face in online teaching, these challenges affect students' online learning from different aspects, and thus affect the transformation of classroom teaching.

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been making significant strides in the field of medical diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, researchers have focused on the use of AI in visual symptoms diagnosis, such as those related to ophthalmology, dermatology, and radiology. This paper presents a review of the role of Artificial Intelligence in visual symptoms diagnosis and explores the current state of the field. The paper discusses the benefits of using AI for visual symptoms diagnosis, such as accuracy, speed, and cost-effectiveness, as well as the challenges and limitations of the technology. The paper concludes with a discussion of the future directions of Artificial Intelligence in visual symptoms diagnosis and the potential impact on healthcare. Intriguingly, we venture beyond AI's conventional realm to explore the prospective integration of Trataka Kriya, a yogic practice, for the enhancement of visual health. Trataka Kriya's potential benefits for addressing modern visual stressors are discussed, and the conceivable synergy with AI monitoring is examined. AI's role in real-time analysis of Trataka Kriya, guided by wearable devices tracking eye movements and dilation, is envisaged as a novel approach to further amplify its benefits. Nonetheless, this proposed integration is not without its own set of challenges, from data privacy to ethical considerations. Objective; To review the different published article based on Artificial Intelligence based diagnosis of visual symptoms.and explore its synergy with Trataka Kriya for comprehensive patient care. Methodology; The qualitative data was collected on the concept of role of Artificial Intelligence based diagnosis of visual symptoms from different review article, Research paper were obtained from the e-databases like PubMed, web of science, and Scopus. Result: Based on a review of relevant article studies reveal impressive progress in AI applications for medical imaging. In ophthalmology, AI detects eye diseases like diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration with high accuracy. Dermatology benefits from AI diagnosing skin disorders, notably melanoma using thermoscopic images. Radiology's AI excels in lung and breast cancer diagnosis, while ophthalmology's tear film instability prediction and retinal imaging applications further enhance disease detection. These advancements promise enhanced diagnostics and better patient outcomes across diverse medical fields. Conclusion: Based on a previous study we can conclude that Artificial Intelligence enhances visual symptoms diagnosis by analysing medical images, aiding accurate and rapid assessments. Benefits include consistent diagnoses, fewer errors, but challenges like data quality and ethics exist. Ongoing advancements suggest AI's promising role in early detection, treatment, and patient care.Integration of Artificial Intelligence with Trataka Kriya presents an exciting path to enhance visual health and comprehensive patient care.  

Abstract

This research aimed to evaluate the impacts of different leadership styles on employee performance, with a particular focus on Repi Soap & Detergent S.C in Addis Ababa. Employing a stratified random sampling method, a total sample size of 279.was obtained. Quantitative methods were then used to analyze primary data collected through semi-structured, close-ended questionnaires; descriptive and non-parametric tests of significance were also conducted.  The results of the regression suggested a strong relationship between the independent variables (transformational, transactional, autocratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles) and the dependent variable (employee performance). The R2 value further revealed that the independent variables explain 57 % of the variability of employee performance. The findings of this study emphasize the relevance of leadership styles in shaping employee performance. Organizations that prioritize Transformational and Transactional Leadership styles are likely to see improvements in employee performance, while Autocratic and Laissez-Faire Leadership styles are likely to lead to a decline in performance. The study concludes by recommending that Repi Soap & Detergent S.C focus on developing and promoting Transformational and Transactional Leadership styles, create a leadership training program that emphasizes the importance of these styles, and introduce performance management processes that empower and support employee autonomy.  

Abstract

The study examined the effect of green supply chain management on marketing performance of Unilever Nigeria Plc. The study's research design approach was a cross-sectional survey method used in this study. Stratified random sampling technique was used for the study. Structured questionnaire was the research instrument used for the study. The population of the study comprised of 1,252 employees of Unilever Nigeria Plc, Lagos, Nigeria. The sample size used for the study consisted of 291 employees of the company. Copies of validated structured questionnaire were used for data collection. A test-retest approach was utilized to determine the research instrument's reliability. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis are the statistical techniques of data analysis used. Findings showed that reverse logistics, green purchasing and product eco-design have significant positive relationship with marketing performance. The study concluded that green supply chain management practice has positive effect on marketing performance. It was recommended that companies need to invest substantial resources in decreasing their environmental effect, creating and implementing alternative techniques, minimizing energy usage, simplifying packaging, and increasing the use of recycled material, among other things.  

Abstract

   Background and Objectives: Periodontitis is an infection-driven inflammatory disease in tooth-supporting tissues. Mechanical debridement alone won’t be sufficient to eliminate the putative pathogens from pockets completely because of the ability of these organisms to invade gingival tissues or deeper areas inaccessible to periodontal instrumentation. Grape seed extract (GSE) has been reported to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological and therapeutic effects including anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to assess the efficacy of grape seed extract in the form of local drug deliveory system for the treatment of chronic periodontitis; clinically and microbiologically. Methods: 28 patients (60 sites) with chronic (mild to moderate) periodontitis were divided into two groups as follows: GROUP I -SRP + 2% grape seed extract chip, GROUP II - SRP+ placebo chip. The following clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, and 3 months: Plaque index, Bleeding index and Probing pocket depth. Subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline and 3 months to assess for the following microorganisms: Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Results:A statistically significant reduction was observed in PI scores, BI scores and Probing pocket depth in Group I and group II from baseline to 3-month follow-up. Inter-group comparison between group I and group II showed evident results in group I for all the clinical parameter except PI scores. Intergroup comparison of CFUs of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis showed statistically significant reduction in Group I (P value<0.05). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that placement of 2% grape seed extract chip after SRP in the periodontal pocket is effective and beneficial in patients with chronic periodontitis and hence can be recommended as a treatment option for chronic periodontitis when used as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy.  

Abstract

Skin cancer poses a major international public health problem, exceeding 1.5 million new cases annually. Ultraviolet sunlight is the primary external catalyst for skin cancer. This analysis examines the link between solar radiation exposure and skin cancer rates across regions. While UV exposure reliably elevates skin cancer risk, geographical factors like latitude, elevation, and climate underpin variability. The study illuminates determinants of geographical differences and explores the complex interplay between sunlight and skin cancer. Insights can guide tailored interventions and policies to address the rising global skin cancer burden.    

Abstract

Radioactive isotopes in drinking water and evaluations of associated health risks were the main focus of this article. By thoroughly reviewing existing research and using rigorous sampling methods, the study examines contamination levels, likely sources, and the health impacts of ingesting water with radioactive isotopes. Monitoring and managing radioactive isotopes in drinking water for the protection of public health was highlighted.  

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine staff’s perceptions of the cruciality of servant leadership behaviours among department heads at private tertiary institutions. The study was limited to 56 administrative and teaching staff from three private colleges in Sabah and Sarawak as well as an Australian-based university in Sarawak.  The online-administered Servant Leadership Questionnaire, developed by Barbuto and Wheeler (2006), was utilized to collect data for this study which were later analysed using SPSS 26.0. The Mann-Whitney U test showed no significant differences in terms of gender, while the Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed no significant differences in terms of age and qualifications. Results of a one-sample Wilcoxon test indicated that,with the exception of twoservant leadership items, all items were significant at the hypothesized value of 3.5.This suggest that, for the majority of items, staff consistently chose the higher scores, while there were two servant leadership items that differed from this trend.  Additionally, analysis of the data revealed that the mean score forservant leadership behaviours was 99.8 for males and 94.9 for females, out of a total score of 115.These results indicate that staff generally perceived the importance -of servant leadership among department headsto be high.Overall, this study found that 92.9 percent of staff indicated that it was very crucial or crucial for department heads to be aware of what was happening, while 91.1 percent indicated that it was very crucial or crucial for the department heads to be able to anticipate the consequences of their decisions. Approximately 92.9 percent of the participants indicated that the department heads also should demonstrate a high level of awareness of what was happening within the organization. Additionally, 89.3 percent of participants felt that it was important for the department heads to ensure that the organisation functions as a community.   

Abstract

This study examined attitude of parents towards the teaching of sexuality education in secondary schools in Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State. The descriptive cross sectional research design was used. The population of the study was the entire parents of students in the selected government secondary schools in Southern Ijaw, L.G.A, Bayelsa State. The study utilized a sample size of two hundred (200) male and female parents using multistage and random sampling technique. The research instrument used was the self-constructed questionnaire titled “Attitude of Parents Towards Sexuality Education, (APTSE)” which was made up of 30 items. The data gathered was analysed using mean and standard deviation for research questions and inferential statistics such as t-test and linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses at 0.5 level of significance. The result of the findings reveals that there is significant relationship between gender of parents and their attitude to teaching sex education in secondary schools; that there is a significant relationship between age of parents and their attitude towards the teaching of sex education in secondary schools; that there is a significant relationship between parents in urban and rural areas of residence and their attitude to teaching sex education in secondary schools; that there is a significant relationship between educational status of parents and their attitude towards the teaching of sex education in secondary schools; that there is a significant relationship between family type of parents and their attitude towards the teaching of sex education in secondary schools and that there is a significant relationship between religion of parents and their attitude towards the teaching of sex education in secondary schools in Southern Ijaw, L.G.A, Bayelsa State. The study recommends amongst others that Government should train and employ guidance counselors, health education teachers and nurses in schools to teach sex education, Parents should develop good communication skills with their children, be their friends and have positive attitude towards sex education and that sex education awareness should be encouraged by religious groups, media, social organization and cooperate bodies.  

Abstract

Global warming resulting from depletion of ozone layer as a following gaseous emissions attract international attention due its health and economic implications. Environmental destruction from carbon discharge is of serious concern to many nations. In view of the aforesaid, this work critically reviews carbon accounting in Nigeria starting from government policy/ legal requirement, accounting methods adopted by various organisations, in reporting carbon emissions. Descriptive research design in which works were reviewed and impressions made includes amongst orders that Carbon discharges were detrimental to the nation’s economy. Recommendation is that national policy on carbon emissions and control be reviewed and punishment of imprisonment without option of fine for principal officers of companies/ organisations found guilty of discharging large carbon without adequate measures to clean the environment amongst others.  

Abstract

The article ascertain relationship between parental conflicts and students scholarly learning outcome in social studies and establish relationship statistically between self-esteem and students scholarly learning outcome in social studies. The study was a descriptive. The study sample 1,500 students from six schools. The researchers developed questionnaire and Social Studies Scholarly Outcome Test (SSSOT) were employed as the data gathering tool. Simple mean was utilised to answer the research questions, and the hypothesis were tested using Person’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The study findings revealed that parental conflicts correlate with students scholarly learning outcome in social studies and significant statistical relationship existed between self-esteem and students scholarly learning outcome in social studies. The study recommended that family counseling should be emphasized by the stakeholders (government, religious leaders, and counselors) to minimize instability in the family and efforts should be intensified to discourage marital discord; for healthy child rearing, couples should work to keep their marriages and families together in whatever forms and sizes they can manage.  

Abstract

Difficult intubation is one of the main challenges in anaesthesiology . There are many clinical criteria that were  introduced with regard to evaluation of the patient’s airway before induction of anaesthesia, including Mallampati classification, mouth-opening, thyromental distance, neck extension, jaw protrusion, upper-lip bite test etc.  Prospective Observational study conducted with 84 patients posted for elective surgical procedure. Airway was examined by both clinical and ultrasound. This study found that the correlation between the ultrasonographic parameters and Cormack-Lehane grade were weak or very weak, and can be assumed to have limited clinical significance.  

Abstract

This study examines the interactive effect of government expenditure and credit to the private sector as well as inflation and economic growth on unemployment rate in Nigeria. It employed ARDL and annual data from 1991 to 2021. The bounds test of the ARDL specification suggests the presence of cointegration among the variables. Which include unemployment, inflation, economic growth, credit to the private sector and government expenditure. Thus, there is a significant long run relationship between unemployment and the explanatory variables.  The long run ARDL shows that economic growth government expenditure (both capital and recurrent) as well as the interaction between government recurrent expenditure and credit to the private sector have negative impact on unemployment. The result confirms the Okun’s law nexus. It also shows that increase in government spending and its interaction with credit to the private sector holds prospects for reducing unemployment rate in Nigeria. On the other hand, inflation, credit to the private sector and its interaction with government capital expenditure have a positive impact on unemployment in Nigeria. Thus, the findings failed to support the Phillips curve hypothesis in Nigeria. The study recommends thatdevelopment financial institutions such as the Bank of Industry (BOI) should be mandated to allocate a higher proportion of their credit to job-creating ventures. Also, the problem of corruption should be addressed in order to enhance the efficiency of government spending.  

Abstract

Small and Medium Enterprises play a vital role in the growth of an economy by providing employment, contributing to GDP, and promoting entrepreneurship and innovation. Trade credit, in the form of extended payment terms offered by suppliers, can help SMEs access necessary goods and services to run their operations, improve cash flow, and increase profitability. However, there is currently a dearth of empirical research on the connection between Trade credit and SMEs' profitability, highlighting the need for more research in this field. The purpose of the study is to analyze the approach taken by SME businesses to managing their customer receivables and to look into the connection between Trade credit and business profitability. Secondary data from Scopus was reviewed and findings show that trade credit can positively impact the organization's profitability, but poor management can result in decreased profitability. Credit management technique that balances liquidity and profitability is needed for high-level account receivables management.  

Abstract

Problem: Cervical lymphadenopathy is common in pediatric age group by which the presence of one or more lymph nodes with or without abnormalities. Due to higher observation of congenital abnormalities, infections and malignancy, differential diagnosis of persistent nodular change in the neck is different among childhood. The objective of this study is to analyze the clinical and pathological diagnoses of cervical lymphadenopathy with special emphasize to Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Methodology: A detailed clinical examination and history is the initial approach to these children presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy. Majority of the children had focus in draining areas in throat, ear and scalp on clinical examination. These children were treated with appropriate antibiotics for 4 weeks. Non responders were subjected to FNAC for further evaluation. Children with strong suspicion of systemic illness like tuberculosis having positive contact history, Mantoux positivity, chest Xray abnormality and constitutional symptoms were subjected to FNAC. Based on cytological findings, granulomatous and caseating adenitis was treated with ATT under RNTCP guidelines. Findings: In this study, the age group from 5 to 8 recorded more (46.7%) and male predominated (53.3%). Swelling neck and fever are the prime clinical symptoms noted with 80% each followed by cough (72%). While comparing various groups of cervical lymphnodes, anterior cervical dominated with 41.3% followed by sub-mandibular (33.3%) and posterior cervical (12%). The FNAC findings of lymphnodes determined reactive hyperplasia (74.7%) among maximum patients followed by granulomatous lymphadenitis (13.3%). Overall, 88% of clinical diagnosis was correlated well with FNAC. Conclusion: Although FNAC is a reliable diagnostic tool with minimum complications when compared to other tests, its specificity remains high when it is correlated with other investigations in detecting granulomatous lesions especially tuberculosis.  

Abstract

This research which examined Influence of Media Reportage of Flood Management on the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Residents of South-South, Nigeria was aimed at filling the gap in existing literature on disaster mitigation and management in Nigeria. Five objectives wereraised in the study.The agenda setting theory and the theory of reasoned action and planned behavior served as the theoretical basis for the study, while survey and in-depth interview methods were used.A total of 479respondents from the selected flood impacted states of Rivers, Bayelsa and Delta in addition to sampled opinions of 15 respondents in an in depth interviews were gathered. Findings revealed that the level of exposure was occasional (66.3%), with radio being the major source (88.2%) and most of the responses on attitude towards media reports of flood management were found more on positive attitude towards the media messages. The study reveals and concludes that there is a connection between exposure to media messages and its believability over time in what is understood in the media message as well as the positive attitude developed as a result of what is believed about the media message. The study thenrecommends among other things that media campaigns on issues of public interest should be reported more frequently for the audience to attach more importance to it and give the needed attention to such messages.  

Abstract

Government policies are needed for public sector enterprises to develop its industrial growth and performance in the Indian market. Occupational safety and industrial relations codes are essential policies to develop the financial conditions successfully. This is beneficial for public sector enterprises for providing workplace safety to employees by which these individuals feel safe at the time of working. The aim of this study is to understand the roles of government policies on industrial growth and performance in India for public sector enterprises. In this study, secondary quantitative data have been collected to interpret the study successfully. Market size of public sector enterprises is enhanced by government policies in the Indian market. This is immensely essential to maintain industrial growth and development successfully. The highest market size was gained in the year 2020 to enhance profitability and productivity of public sector enterprises. Import and export value to GDP ratio is improved by the roles of government policies.  

Abstract

The relationship between health outcomes and economic growth, though widely debated is far from being settled, and this inconclusiveness may be partly explained by the high levels of poverty and low living standards which is pervasive in the continent. Studies have proposed that the presence of poverty could serve to moderate the impact of improved health outcomes on economic growth. This study seeks to investigate how health outcomes and poverty influence economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach is utilized to ascertain the short and long-run impact of life expectancy, infant mortality, and economic discomfort index on the growth of per capita GDP in SSA countries in the presence of cross-sectional dependence. A robustness and consistency analysis of the CS-ARDL estimates also employs a complementary framework, the cross-sectional augmented distributed Lag (CS-DL) technique. The results of the study indicate that the combined influence of infant mortality and poverty causes economic growth to deteriorate in the region. Interestingly, the interaction of life expectancy and economic discomfort index is shown to be positively and significantly related to economic growth in the short run, but in the long run, it becomes negatively related to economic growth. This study concludes that over time the persistence of poverty in SSA countries erodes the benefits of improved life expectancy, and invariably exerts an adverse effect on economic growth. Thus, there is an urgent need to address the menace of widespread poverty and poor health outcomes in the region.  

Abstract

Thisstudy investigated the impact of monetary policy and corporate governance on economic growth in Nigeria. The study employed time series data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, World Development Indicators, and the National Bureau of Statistics. Per capita GDP growthwas used to proxy economicgrowth andcorporate governance was proxied by variables such as the number of contraventions/sanctions reported in audit activities; policy on insider trading/market abuse; risk management committee; disclosure and transparency; and shareholders right.Monetary policy was captured by broad money supplyand exchange rate. Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technique was used for estimation. The result revealed a long-run relationship among the estimated variables. The result of the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) shows that monetary policy and corporate governance variables significantly impacted economic growth, but corporate governance hada more significant impact on economic growth than monetary policy. The study made the following recommendations:that effective monetary policy framework which impacts positively on the real variable to promote economic growth and development should be implemented in the country; efficient management of the monetary system through ensuring a well-developed financial and strict adherence to code of corporate governance in order toboost theconfidence of investors to make informed decisions about their investments.  

Abstract

Housing is often viewed as a bedrock for measuring viable economy in any country of the world. Its quality is one of the major factors that contribute to the well-being of the citizens. This paper identified the levels of residents' satisfaction with housing components, and assessed the relationship between their socio-economic characteristics and housing satisfaction. Primary and secondary sources were used. Questionnaire, direct interview and observation were used. The study area was delineated, accordingly, into ten wards, which are classified into three categories, one ward is selected under each category as the sampling frame for the research study. 236 houses were selected across the categories of wards in the study area using a random sampling method, from which 232 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved for analysis. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the level of dissatisfaction with quality-of-life correlates significantly with that of housing components as p = 0.02 (p < 0.05). The result shows that much of the variance in the quality-of-life is explained by the regression model (R= 0.732), and coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.536); which implies that the regression model explains 53.6% of the residual variation in the level of dissatisfaction with the quality of life of the residents' socio-economic status. The remaining percentage could be explained by other factors, which are beyond the scope of this study. It is therefore recommended that government at all levels should see to the provision of housing infrastructural facilities, particularly in the low and medium income-earners residential areas, to forestall a low level of satisfaction by the residents; thus, improving the well-being of the citizens/residents and enhancing their productivity.  

Abstract

The essence of this study is to determine the funding options for real estate project delivery in Nigeria.The goals include determining the funding choices for real estate project delivery in Nigeria and determining the degree of association between funding options and real estate project delivery. 183 respondents were used as the data collection method in a questionnaire.Using Kendall's test of concordance and the relative significance index, the data were examined. The results of Kendall's test reveal a substantial association between the delivery of real estate projects and each of the 10 indicated funding choices. According to the RII report, trade credits are the most significant source of funding for the execution of real estate projects in Nigeria. The study comes to the conclusion that trade credits made possible by off-plan advance payments (brand equity) are the best financing choices for Nigerian real estate project developers.