Innovations

Abstract

The supratrochlear foramen (STF) is a perforation in the septum that separates the coronoid fossae and the olecranon, in the distal portion of the humerus. The supratrochlear foramen is present in some humans, with an incidence rate that varies greatly between populations. The study included 101 human humeri bones, However, there were only 33 bones with the Supratrochlear Foramen. The Transverse diameter, Vertical diameter of the foramen and the Distance from the Medial epicondyle, Distance from the Lateral epicondyle, Distance from lower trochlear margin, were noted with digital vernier calliper. The data was tabulated and analysed. The mean and standard deviation of Transverse diameter of STF on the right side was 7.19±2.00 mm and 7.53±2.5mm on the left side were observed. The mean and standard deviation of vertical diameter of STF on the right side was 5.36±1.33mm and 4.83±1.00mm on the left side were observed. Nominal variations were observed when we compare with both the genders. The overall frequency of STF was 32.6%. These percentages fall within a medium to high range distribution when compared to other populations studied in previous research. The present provides new data to the literature on STF. Its significance lies in illuminating the frequency of this feature across various populations in closely situated geographical regions. Furthermore, researchers can employ this inaugural study as a foundation for clinical, radiological, and anatomical considerations pertaining to that specific anatomical area.  

Abstract

Background: A healthy musculoskeletal balance is the foundation of excellent posture, whereas an improper alignment of different body components puts undue stress on the framework that supports the body. The cervical spine is positioned anteriorly in the forward head posture which puts excessive strain on the cervical muscles resulting in muscular imbalances. Around >70% of people have forward head posture as a result of prolonged static position, which tightens the muscles in the neck and shoulders.  One of the non-invasive therapy option for reducing pain and deformity is the Kinesio taping. It has been used by healthcare practitioners in recent years to treat and prevent musculoskeletal alignment issues. Whereas Scapular retractor exercises are another useful therapeutic exercise used to improve proprioception and address postural abnormalities. Paucity of evidence and few researches suggest that Kinesio taping improves alignment and lessens pain; conversely, few investigations have found the opposite. The goal of the study is to compare the effects of kinesio taping and scapular stabilization exercises on forward head posture. Methodology: Participants having forward head posture will be screened as per the routine musculoskeletal assessment. Those who meet the inclusion criteria will be randomly allocated to either to the Interventional group (Kinesio taping + Conventional exercises) or the control group (Scapular stabilization exercises + Conventional exercises) with the use of simple randomization. Patients in both the groups (Interventional group and control group) will receive 2 days treatment (on 1st day and 4th day) in a week as per the treatment protocol planned.  Outcome Measures: Craniovertebral angle, Neck disability index, Numeric rating scale Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics using the latest version of SPSS software will be done by taking help of a Biostatistician. Conclusion: The results of this RCT will be helpful in adding information about the treatment of forward head posture with the Kinesio taping or scapular stabilization exercise to be more effective than the other. Clinical Trial Registration: The study is registered with Clinical Trials Registry- India (CTRI), with the registration number for the trial being CTRI/2023/12/060702.  

Abstract

Purpose: Labour productivity has been identified as one of the causes of the decline in the construction sector's growth, mainly because factors, strategies and parameters for predicting improvements have not been fully explored. The study aimedat identifying and assessing factors contributing to labour productivity in construction projects in Zambia. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design using quantitative methods. Data was collected from 150 structured questionnaires administered to Project Managers, Site Engineers, General Foremen, Bricklayers and Handymen with a response rate of 81%obtained. 122 respondents confirmed the extent of the impact of the factors through a survey questionnaire whose scale was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha which was found to be > 0.8. The primary data which was obtained from questionnaires was analyzed using descriptive statistics.  Findings: The study identified 36 key factors of productivity and grouped them as project-related, management-related, labour-related and industry-related. The top five ranked factors included: working heights, poor time planning and scheduling, poor sequencing of work, lack of experience and skill, and poor working environment. The study confirmed through 74.60% of the participants that productivity is highly affected negatively by the presence of Project-related, Management-related, Industry-related and labour-related factors. Based on the findings, there is a need for construction firm managers to develop a strategy to measure, monitor and document data on the labour productivity of every project activity and site, in order to increase organizational efficiency. Implications/Research Limitations: The study did not focus on productivity from projects dependent on plant and equipment but rather focused on labour-intensive projects. Furthermore, the present study focused on specific trades such as bricklaying and concreting. Similar studies aimed at enhancing productivity in plant and equipment or other trades would provide further information in coming up with more comprehensive policies. Practical Implications: This study's findings are key to improving productivity in labour-intensive construction projects and generating data for decision-making by policymakers and construction managers. Originality/Value: With the identified decline in the growth of the construction sector, enhancing labour productivity is being encouraged though there is evidence that strategies and parameters for predicting improvements have not been fully explored. Thus, the current study is among the few to be undertaken in Zambia and provides critical industry information for planning and enhancement of labour productivity in the construction sector. 

Abstract

This geotechnical study delves into sustainable soil stabilization methods for urban pavement construction in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. It compares conventional cement-based approach with innovative geopolymer-based techniques, employing recycled glass powder, polyethylene terephthalate with alkaline activator (NaOH). The Laboratory experiments assess mechanical and geotechnical properties, including Atterberg Limits, compaction test and permeability tests for the samples (Control, CBS, PBS and PABS). The result of the atterberg limit shows 23, 35, 28, and 29; 46.83, 53.33, 51.69 and 49.09; 23.83, 18.33, 23.69 and 20.09 for the PL, LL and PI of the samples respectively. For the compaction test, PBS and CBS has 15.0% and 13.0% in their Moisture content and 1.722 and 1.790 dry unit weight (Mg/m³) respectively. For PABS, the 4 samples was prepared with PET+ RGP of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. In the result obtained for PABS, the Moisture content increased as the proportion increases (14.5%-14.8%)  leading to a corresponding decrease in the dry unit weight (1.7Mg/m³ - 1.677Mg/m³). For the soil permeability test, the geopolymer-based stabilized soil (PABS) shows a low permeability coefficient (2.46x10-7 m/s) which according to British Standard BS:1377-5:1990(1998b), for subgrade soils in road pavements, the maximum permeability of 1x10-6 m/s or lower is typically recommended to ensure the long-term durability and stability of the pavement structure. A lower permeability helps the soil withstand moisture infiltration and maintain its strength and stability over time. The study highlights the dual benefits—improved soil properties and sustainable waste management. The research focuses on the potential of waste materials in addressing challenges in waste management and enhancing pavement construction practices, contributing to sustainable urban development in regions grappling with these issues.  

Abstract

Background: Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) prevalence is considerably high in younger individuals due to postural muscle tightness and weakness of core stability muscles. Early diagnosis of the sources of NSLBP may help to prevent it from being transformed into Chronic NSLBP. This study aimed to analyze and then compare the effectiveness of two manual treatments in two separate groups i.e., myofascial release technique (MFR) and Stretching exercise on persons with non-specific low back pain. Materials and Methods: 42 healthy individuals having NSLBP with age group of 18 to 35 years having tightness of Quadratus lumborum (QL) and Piriformis muscle were recruited. They were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Group A received MFR technique with core strengthening exercise (CSE) and Group B received Stretching exercise with CSE, for 6 weeks, 3 days/week. Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and core strength was measured before and after the 6 weeks. Results: It showed significant reduction in NPRS (p=0.001), improved the ODI (p=0.001) and core strength (p=0.001) in both the groups. The inter group comparison showed MFR gave better result than stretching in improving core strength (p=0.014) but both the interventions were equally effective in increasing the ODI and reducing the pain (p>0.001), 6 weeks after the treatment. Conclusion: MFR and Stretching both are equally effective in reducing pain and improving ODI. However, MFR is more effective than stretching in improving core strength for individuals with non-specific low back pain.  

Abstract

Community immersion activities in schools are designed to connect students with the local community, foster a sense of social responsibility, and provide practical learning experiences. And so, this study aims to assess the effect of community immersion on the lifelong learning skills of NSTP students for the school year 2023 to 2024. A sample size using Slovin’s Formula was used to determine its respondents which is 217. Moreover, an adopted survey questionnaire was used in gathering data personally and through the Google Form. Specifically, this study explores the extent, benefits, and effectiveness of community immersion activities within the National Service Training Program (NSTP) and their impact on students' lifelong learning skills. The findings of the study reveal that NSTP students highly practiced community immersion activities, as evidenced by a mean score of 4.17. Particularly, activities emphasizing teamwork, documented efforts, and the promotion of solidarity received the highest rankings. Teamwork, highlighted by a mean score of 4.46, emerged as the most valued and engaged activity. In addition, community immersion is very highly beneficial, with a mean of 4.33, to the lifelong learning skills of NSTP students. Notably, it significantly contributes to the development of life skills, self-understanding, and relationship-building. Furthermore, community immersion is deemed very highly effective, with a mean of 4.26, in enhancing the lifelong learning skills of NSTP students. Based on the findings, the conclusions were drawn, that community immersion gave substantial experience to students through involvement in different community immersion activities. It also significantly contributes to students’ holistic development honing the diverse skills of students that are crucial for lifelong learning. Therefore, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the efficacy of service-learning programs in nurturing well-rounded and adaptable individuals. Furthermore, understanding this is crucial for refining community engagement strategies and ensuring ethical practices.  

Abstract

Biodiversity loss is a pressing global issue that has significant implications for ecological systems, human well-being, and socioeconomic development. While the ecological consequences of biodiversity loss are well documented, their potential impacts on the stability of financial systems, particularly in developing countries, have received limited attention. This research article aims to explore the complex relationship between biodiversity loss and financial system stability in developing countries. Data for the study was obtained from world development indicators for all Sub-Saharan African countries (SSA) with relevant data. The study adopted a pooled OLS model and a two-step system GMM model to investigate the impact of biodiversity loss on the stability of financial systems in SSA. The results of the two models suggest that carbon emissions, GDP, FDI, and the real exchange rate are all significant determinants of non-performing loans. Policymakers should consider these relationships and implement appropriate measures to enhance economic resilience, regulate investment inflows, and mitigate risks that could lead to non-performing loans and financial instability.  

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to analyze the drivers, benefits, and challenges of publication activities for industry professionals. Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions: What motivates authors from industry to publish journal papers? (b) Are the benefits of publication activities commensurate with the time and effort invested? (c) What challenges are faced by industry professionals while working on research papers? It employs a case study approach, focusing on a Saudi national company. A questionnaire was distributed to 170 authors, and 41 of them responded. The study uses descriptive statistics to analyze the responses. It found that industry professionals are motivated by three primary drivers for participating in publication activities: career development, supporting their organizations' publication Key Performance Indicator (KPI), and self-satisfaction and self-fulfilment. The respondents were almost equally divided among the three drivers, with 31% each. The majority of respondents believed that participating in scientific publications helped them develop their competencies, while only 10% indicated that such activities were not worth the time and effort invested. The study also identified the main challenges faced by industry professionals when working on research papers, which include identifying topics, time constraints, lack of incentives, lack of resources, accessing data, lack of financial resources, and lack of management support. The study provides insights into the drivers, benefits, and challenges of publication activities for industry professionals, specifically in the context of a Saudi national company. The findings provide valuable insights for both industry professionals and organizations seeking to promote publication activities.  

Abstract

Research findings have consistently emphasized the importance of home literacy environment (HLE) in the life-long learning goals of a child. They proposed that the language and literacy skills of a child are best developed and nurtured in the child’s familiar environment, in this case, the home. To achieve this, there are necessary HLE dimensions which should be put in place. It is against this backdrop that, this study set out to ascertain the availability of these indices (HLE Dimensions) in the HLE of children. Against this backdrop, a twenty five – item questionnaire was administered to fifty parents of nursery pupils randomly selected from five private schools in Owerri North Local Government Area. The data collected were analysed using the frequency count and simple percentage method. Amongst other findings, it is discovered that in as much as HLE dimensions thrive to a commendable extent in many of the respondents’ homes, however, there are no quality parent-child literacy interactions as well as no study stations for quality literacy activities which aid language and literacy development of the child. In view of this, this study thus recommends that as a matter of urgency, parents should devote quality time to their children’s home literacy interactions for success in the child’s literacy and language development.  

Abstract

Organisations today focus on leadership structures that can successfully steer the firm out of muddy, uncertain and intensely competitive business environments. Thus, there is a need for a leader who can continuously ensure organisational steadiness by giving timely and appropriate leadership direction to both the human and other resources. This research was designed to investigate the effect of ambidextrous leadership on deposit money banks' performance in South-South Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted to study three hundred sixteen (316) consenting randomly selected respondents. A pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to elicit information relating to the objectives. Data collected was presented in frequency, mean, and standard deviation, while the hypotheses were tested using regression analysis at a 5% significance level. The result showed a significant effect of ingenious leadership behaviour on innovativeness (Coefficient: 0.486, t = 14.381, P-value: < 0.05). Open leadership behaviour did not significantly affecta brand position in Deposit Money Banks in South-South, Nigeria. (Coefficient: -0.040, t = 0.4151, P-value: > 0.05). The study concluded that ambidextrous leadership behaviour hasa significant effect on deposit money banks' performance in South-South, and it is recommended that Deposit Money Banks should actively promote and cultivate ingenious leadership skills among their leaders. This recommendation can be achieved through leadership training and development programs that foster creative problem-solving and innovation. Moreover, open leadership behaviour did not significantly affect brand position; it is still essential for leaders to foster transparency and open communication within theorganisation. Organisation leaders should prioritise transparent and open communication strategies to enhance the brand position and ensure alignment with brand values and messages.  

Abstract

Background: ‘Long-COVID-19’ or ‘COVID-19 long-haulers’ are patients who experience symptoms for >28 days after diagnosis of COVID-19, whether laboratory-confirmed or clinical. Some symptoms such as fatigue may be continuous, while others are intermittent. These continuous symptoms affect functional capacity as well as quality of life. Thus, it becomes important to focus on both the dimensions following discharge of COVID-19 patients. This study aims to assess the functional capacity and health-related quality of life in long haulers of COVID. Methodology: An observational study was carried out which included 124 participants with a history of COVID-19. They were given an EQ-5D-5L questionnaire for the assessment of Health-related quality of life. Then, patients were asked to perform 6MWT and findings were recorded. Result: The study showed significant adverse effects on functional capacity in long haulers of COVID-19. A significant negative correlation was also found between the total distance walked in 6MWT and quality of life as assessed by EQ-5D-5L. (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Long haulers of COVID-19 have declining effects on functional capacity and health-related quality of life.  

Abstract

The aqueous leaf extracts of Datura Stramonum and Ricinus Communis were utilized for the analysis of their phytoconstituents, encompassing alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthroquinone glycosides, saponins, and triterpenes. The findings from the extracts of Datura Stramonum and Ricinus Communis leaves revealed promising phytocompounds such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, and triterpenes. To address the presence of these toxic phytocompounds, it is recommended to either eradicate these two plant species or utilize them in a beneficial manner. This research investigates the dual benefit of eliminating waste while generating biogas through anaerobic digestion of organic materials, offering an environmentally sustainable renewable energy option.Biogas production was evaluated through the co-digestion of cow manure (CM), Datura stramonium leaves (DSL), and Ricinus Communis RC Leaves in three mix ratios (60%DSRC: 40%CD, 50%DSRC: 50%CD, and 40%DSRC: 60%CD) under mesophilic conditions at 38ºC using a batch mode digester over a 30-day fermentation period. In all treatments, physico-chemical factors such as pH, total solids, volatile solids, organic carbon, nitrogen, and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio were measured before and after anaerobic digestion. The results showed a significant increase in pH and total nitrogen after anaerobic digestion, while volatile solids and organic carbon exhibited a notable decrease. Biogas yield was higher in treatments where the two substrates were co-digested with cow dung compared to digestion with leaves alone. Among the mix ratios, 60% DSRC leaves co-digested with 40% CD resulted in the highest biogas production. Overall, the study suggests that co-digestion of cow manure with Ricinus communis and Datura stramonium leaves (RCDS) in a 60%:40% mix ratio significantly enhances biogas yield and reduces volatile solids and total solids.  

Abstract

: Conflicts and tensions related to Nigeria's religious diversity have posed severe obstacles to Peace and security in the country. Therefore, it is crucial to encourage a culture of peace and security among religious adherents in Nigeria. Based on these assumptions, the study evaluate the impacts of Nigeria Inter-Religious Council (NIREC) in achieving religious dialogue, culture of peace and security in Nigeria; investigate the factors responsible for religious conflict in Nigeria; examine the reasons behind the establishment of Nigeria Inter-Religious Council (NIREC);in addition, the paper examine the strategies adopted by NIREC in achieving, preventing, reducing and mitigating religious conflict and upholding religious dialogue and culture of peace among religious groups in Nigeria; investigate the challenges confronting NIREC in maintaining religious dialogue, culture of peace and security in Nigeria; as well as proffer recommendations on ways NIREC can improve on their activities in Nigeria. The research methods employed in the study is qualitative and quantitative research technique involving the use of interview and questionnaire. The data used for the study includes both primary and secondary sources. The interview was tailored towards eliciting information from key informants, including religious group leaders, leaders of Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN), Pentecostal Fellowship of Nigeria (PFN), Nigerian Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs (NSCIA), Traditionalists/Orientals, religious experts, peace and conflict experts, elder statesmen and other stakeholders. Secondary data were sourced from textbooks, journals, newspapers, internet materials in relation to the subject studied. The study adopted Integrative Conflict Resolution and Transformative Mediation Theories as theoretical framework. The study observes that there is a need to entrenched Nigeria Inter-Religious Council (NIREC) in order to quench the tension of intra and inter-religious conflict and promote tolerance and unity among the religious groups in Nigeria. To this end, the study provides recommendations for NIREC and other stakeholders while also emphasizing the importance of fostering a culture of peace and security in Nigeria's diverse religious landscape to promote peaceful coexistence in a culturally and religiously diverse Nigeria.  

Abstract

Leadership and Governance refer to the ability to provide direction for others to follow in order to achieve stated goals. It is the combination of individual and institutional leadership needed to achieve sustainable development at the local, national and international levels. Premised on this background, this paper is set to discuss the conceptual meaning of leadership, governance, democratic governance and sustainable development. The study specifically focused on the impacts and relevance of effective leadership and good governance under democratic administrations and how this can be a commendable and veritable tool for sustainable development in Nigeria. In addition, the study aims at establishing the nexus between leadership, democratic governance and sustainable development. Furthermore, the study also aims at studying the challenges facing sustainable development, governance and leadership in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. The data for this study were collected through primary and secondary sources. The Democratic Governance theory, Separation of Powers Theory and Theory of Consent by John Locke were used to illuminate the study. The findings of the study revealed a great disparity between the leadership styles and model of governance and level of sustainable development achievement and attainment in Nigeria. The study concludes that Government at all levels in Nigeria must brace up and inculcate various modern approaches, like the transformational leadership approach which integrate participation, creativity and vision. This will assist to navigate and enhance new and sustainable socio-economic and political development and advancement in this 21st century.  To this end, nurturing democratic governance in Nigeria will no doubt lead to sustainable democratic development that will benefit the current generation and lay the foundation for future generation.    

Abstract

This study explores the complex factors surrounding female candidates and their electoral endeavours by examining the deep network of Nigerian politics. Given the historical discrepancies between men and women in political representation in this nation, it is critical to comprehend how gendered campaigning tactics affect women's participation. The paper examines the complex features of gender-based campaign strategies in the Nigerian context through a thorough analysis of election campaigns and their outcomes. Our study combines interviews with female candidates, campaign strategists, and important stakeholders with a large dataset of previous election campaigns. It examines campaign money, messaging, and voter engagement tactics through gender lens, analysing how they affect women's chances of winning office. This study also looks at the impact of media portrayal on campaign outcomes, the importance of women's networks and alliances, and the influence of conventional gender roles and stereotypes. The results show that gendered campaigning tactics and female candidates' electoral performance interact in a complicated way. Gender-specific campaign strategies highlight the difficulties presented by limited campaign funding and gender biases, even if they can empower women by addressing particular issues and energising female voters. The report emphasises how crucial it is to support programmes that train and empower female candidates, as well as how important it is to change laws and policies to improve gender parity in Nigerian politics. By providing insights that can guide policy decisions and campaign strategies aimed at promoting a more inclusive political landscape, this research makes a substantial contribution to the conversation on gender and politics in Nigeria. This article is a useful tool for academics, decision-makers, and activists who are dedicated to promoting women's political representation and involvement in Nigeria's electoral processes, particularly as the country struggles with the imperative of gender equality in politics.  

Abstract

The study focused on the social entrepreneurial orientation and performance of organizations. This study made use of a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The study’s interest is in the third-sector organisations that are operational in the southeast region of Nigeria.The study applied a simple random sampling technique to select 400 participants. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the mean, standard deviation, and inter-item correlation. The analysis was carried out using multiple regressions. The regression includes the Hannan-Quinn criterion, F-statistic, and Durbin-Watson statistic. The Satorra-Bentler test was employed to spot issues of homoscedasticity. Findings showed that effective orientation has a significant positive effect on the social performance and commercial performance of third-sector organizations. Further findings revealed that social mission orientation does not significantly relate to the social performance of third-sector organisations and that social mission orientation has no significant negative linear relationship with commercial performance. The study recommended, among others, that third-sector organisations should prioritise the adoption of effectual orientation as a core strategic approach and should reevaluate their operational strategies to ensure that the stated social missions are effectively translated into tangible, measurable actions that align with the needs and expectations of the communities served.  

Abstract

Osteochondroma is one of the most frequently found benign bone neoplasms which occurs as a result of increased enchondral ossification at the metaphysis of long bones. An eight year old female diagnosed with benign osteochondroma of distal end of right radius was treated in the form of surgical excision of the tumor. Following surgery the patient had decreased range of motion, grip strength, and muscle strength. A physiotherapy protocol was formed personalized according to the needs of the patient focusing on patient counseling, pain reduction, improvement of range of motion, grip strength and muscle strength. Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Patient Evaluation Measure and grip strength were the primary outcome measures, whereas range of motion and muscle strength were the secondary outcome measures. This case report concluded that there was definitive improvement in all the outcomes following physiotherapy. Thus, early physiotherapy rehabilitation is suggested for such patients to hasten the recovery.   

Abstract

Background: The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is a flat one. Among the different prevalent shoulder issues, acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation accounts for 9%–12% of all shoulder injuries. Trauma that is both direct and indirect can cause dislocations of the AC joint. An inferiorly directed, vertically orientated superior impact on the lateral shoulder causes direct trauma by pushing the AC joint in that direction. The acromioclavicular ligament is injured in an AC dislocation, and the coracoclavicular ligament may or may not tear. Case report: In this case report, a 50 years old male farmer by occupation with traumatic history treated conservatively initially and later underwent surgery in form of AC joint reconstruction with k wire fixation and ipsilateral palmaris longus graft and patient shoulder. The patient underwent implant removal after 5 weeks and  was referred to the Physiotherapy OPD. The orthopaedic assessment of the patient showed impaired right shoulder joint mobility and integrity, impaired muscular performance leading to difficulty in activities of daily living. Conclusion: The case report presented is, to the best our knowledge, the seventh case described in the literature that was managed operatively and role of physiotherapy treatment to rehabilitate this subject to the pre injury level have been pointed out for the first time.  

Abstract

The UV radiation comes from sun and reaches the earth surface and also composed of UVA, UVB and UVC and also filtered by the layer of ozone. Ultra violet radiation classified into three types namely UVA, UVB and UVC. The ozone layer becomes thin hence the UV radiation cannot penetrates into the earth surface, but nowadays the ozone layer concentration is decreased due to manmade activities, therefore the serious damages such as affecting elemental cycle, molecular level changes and also directly affected the earth global warming. At the same time UV act as a disease controller in plants. Since it’s a new discovery, that the UV-B causes alter the in symptom and create the resistance to plants. In this review, concluding the recent knowledge about the effects of UV radiation on the pathological process in plants.  

Abstract

The study determined the extent to which environmental variables predict heads of departments' accountability in public universities in South-South, Nigeria. Seven research questions were raised and seven null hypotheses were also postulated to guide the study. The correlation design was used for the study. The population for the study consisted of all the 374 Heads of Departments in six public universities in south – south, Nigeria during the 2019/2020 academic year. The sample of the study consisted of 306 Heads of Departments representing 90% of the Heads of Departments population. Multi - stage sampling technique was used to select sample from the six federal universities in South–South Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria. The instruments for data collection was the researcher – made instruments titled “Environmental Variables questionnaire (EVQ) and Heads of Department Accountability Questionnaire (HDAQ)” which were validated by experts in the Educational Foundation, Guidance and Counselling, Curriculum Studies, Educational Management and Planning respectively. The Cronbach’s Alpha Analysis was used to determine the reliability of the instruments which yielded reliability co-efficients of .76 for EVQ and .80 for HDAQ which were quite appropriate and usable. Linear Regression Statistics, R and R2 were used to answer the three research questions while F- value was used to test the null hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that: change of leadership, social, economic, academic practices and joint variables are significant predictors of Heads of Department accountability in public universities in south – south, Nigeria. It was concluded based on the findings that joint environmental variables are significant predictors of Heads of Department accountability in public universities in South – South, Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that institution management should develop a safe work environment that will encourage Heads of Department to acquire skills on the utilization of ICT facilities in order to improve their administrative accountability.  

Abstract

In revolutionizing the narratives and stance of black feminist empowerment, Ama Ata Aidoo’s Changes and Jamaica Kincaid’s Annie John play a pivotal role in articulating postcolonial literature as a literature that continues to set and retain the gaze of its audience as not just art but as a core representation, in aesthetic and mimetic content. In a literature of this kind, the postcolonial subject is simply left with no option than being a deviant and a non-conformist, whose life is rife with glaring and deliberate contradictions. Women as the feminist postcolonial subject appear to arrest the incompatibilities as theyconvert their life in the postcolonial and societal otherness.This paper engages the transformative power of black feminist narratives in two seminal literary works: Aidoo's Changes and Kincaid's Annie John.Focusing on the intersection of identity and otherness, it delves into the ways these narratives challenge societal norms and empower their protagonists. Both texts serve as powerful testaments tofeminism, thereby, highlighting the resilience and agency of their protagonists within oppressive systems. This articleaims to showcase the transformative power and the voices of black women, highlighting their struggles, triumphs, and the resilience that defines their narratives. Ultimately, it seeks to illuminate the pivotal role of black feminist empowerment in reshaping societal norms and advocating for a more inclusive and equitable future.This paper engages postcolonial feminist theory as theoretical tool for the re-reading of the texts.  

Abstract

The recent resurgence of military interventions in the West and Central African sub-regions calls for scholarly interrogation. There are similar patterns among the five countries: Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, the Republic of Niger and Gabon. All five countries are former French Colonies that still retain strong affinities with the erstwhile colonial master. More significant are the allegations of France’s overbearing meddling in the internal affairs of these countries (which has been labeled as re-colonialism), and the failure of internal democratic governance to deliver democratic dividends. This article concerns itself with the task of examining the salient issues around the military interventions in those countries and raised the following questions: were the coups a protest against France’s alleged interferences in the internal affairs of those countries? Were they crass protests against flagrant internal misrule? Or do those coups revalidate the contagious-effect--thesis of military intervention? This article answers these questions through the qualitative research approach. A conceptual framework was woven around the neo-colonial/re-colonial thesis, while salient indicators were used to gauge the performance of democratic governance in the coup-affected states.  

Abstract

The concept of Being in African culture encompasses all forms of existence. Everything in the universe is a being endowed with life-force, albeit, not in equal proportion as some beings are more gifted than others. Humans for instance possess more life-force or beingness than any other being in the physical world. At the metaphysical level, other beings like ancestors and deities are positioned in the higher plane of the hierarchy. One important part of this worldview is that all beings both physical and non-physical have a shared existence. One affects the other either benevolently or malevolently, and this interaction is responsible for the sustenance or destruction of the universe respectively. Considering that the interaction of beings including humans is given metaphysical interpretation, it becomes necessary for this paper to examine and establish this metaphysical foundation as a way of engendering social order. It employs Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative which can serve as a principle for social order since it prompts an individual to do to others what they desire should become a universal maxim in interrogating the issue at hand. This is because it provides a means through which we understand and describe humans to be first, rational beings. Some of the findings of this paper are that African metaphysics encourages a complementary relationship, and promotes social harmony as well as an ordered society. The paper would contribute to discourse and knowledge of the African worldview as a means of engendering social order.  

Abstract

Many studies have called for research into the potential of African indigenous communication systems to serve as a complementary information dissemination model to the Western model following the deficit of information and communication technology infrastructure in rural areas. As a result, the current research explored how indigenous communication systems influence access to business funding information, and the influence of indigenous communication systems on business funding information utilization. In addition, the study investigated the preferred savings model, payment channel, and mode of obtaining credit facilities among agribusiness entrepreneurs in Nigerian rural areas. The probability sampling method was used in selecting 511 samples from the registered 50,000 smallholder agribusiness entrepreneurs in Edo State for the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Anchored Borrower’s Programme. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the preferred savings model, payment channel, and mode of obtaining credit facilities among agribusiness entrepreneurs while regression analysis was deployed in testing the hypotheses. The findings indicate that physical cash transactions, informal savings, and informal credit facilities dominant financial services among rural farmers. The outcomes from the test of hypotheses show that indigenous communication systems have a significant influence on access to business funding information among agribusiness entrepreneurs in Nigerian rural areas (β = 0.312, t-value = 7.161 > 1.96, p-value = 0.000 < 0.05, and R2 = 0.498). It was also found that indigenous communication systems significantly influence the utilization of agribusiness funding information in Nigerian rural areas (β = 0.295, t-value = 6.617 > 1.96, p-value = 0.000 < 0.05, and R2 = 0.422). Policy-wise, the study suggests ways financial authorities can leverage on indigenous communication systems to increase financial information literacy for increased access and utilization of business funding information among agribusiness entrepreneurs in Nigerian rural areas.  

Abstract

Behaviour management techniques are important part of paediatric dentistry in managing the child and for providing successful treatment outcome. The major criterion in managing the child in dental clinic is by proper communication combined with good rapport which makes the child fearless and cooperative. These are challenging aspect for paediatric dentist whereas various traditional methods for behaviour management have been employed and few can tend to be aggressive technique in the eyes of children and their parent. Recently there are various modifications and innovations have created a new technique in the paediatric field to overcome the disadvantages faced in traditional technique. This newer technique have been utilized in clinics and found to be advantageous and makes the child cooperative and have interest in facing the dentist in future. This review article will focus on various recent advances in behaviour management techniques in children.  

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the engagement of academic staffs in practicing multicultural education dimensions at Hawassa College of Education at Sidama region. A qualitative case study research was used, and data were collected through in-depth interviews and document analysis. The findings revealed that academic staffs' engagement in using MCE dimensions was not actively affirmed, hindering their capacity to apply knowledge and create awareness of accommodating differences in classrooms. Descriptively; although an endeavor made by academic staffs to implement the fundamentals of MCE: content integration, knowledge construction, prejudice reduction, equity pedagogy, and empowering school culture and social structures as part of their lesson design, the results found that quite a lot remains to come to the level we want. Lack of motivation, insufficient orientation from the College's deans and a deficiency in instructional plans and context-based curriculum materials were identified as barriers. The policy-practice gap and the need for knowledge formation, skill development training, and research studies were highlighted as crucial areas for improvement. The study recommended that the MoE, Regional Education Bureau, and The Hawassa Education College critically address these gaps and enhance teachers' endeavors in applying MCE perspectives effectively in culturally diverse classrooms to meet learners' needs and achieve principles and intended goals of MCE.  

Abstract

Demographic factors such as age are known to be correlates of innovation adoption across industries, including the publishing industry, but several studies present conflicting results on the correlates of technology adoption. Thus, it is yet to be clearly understood whether firm age exercises moderating influence on organisational adoption of e-publishing innovations or not. This study, using data collected from 109 publishing firms, therefore, attempts to assess the influence of firm age on the adoption of e-publishing hardware, e-formats, e-promotion and e-commerce. Findings indicate that firm age played a role in the adoption behaviour of firms but did not significantly influence innovation adoption rates, suggesting that innovation characteristics play more crucial roles in the adoption of e-publishing innovations. The fact that e-publishing is needed for survival by both old and young publishers explains the contradiction and suggests that business focus might be more important in understanding adoption behaviour in some industries.  

Abstract

Traditionally, newspapers are distributed by consignment, and when this distribution method unsustainable in Nigeria, studies attributed it to the advent of online newspapers and free reading at newsstands, without interrogating the phenomenon from both the supply and the demand perspectives. This study is, therefore, focuses on both newspaper suppliers and vendors in search of an answer to questions raised against consignment distribution. The findings indicate that the industry is experiencing market turbulence which necessitated six strategies introduced to quickly address indebtedness to publishers, declining print sales, production cost, business risk, marketing efforts as well as control of ordered quantities. Statistically, only perceived cost with a p-value .004 was significant to the prediction of innovative distribution adoption at 0.05.This study submits that newspaper as a product has reached a point in its life cycle when it must reinvent itself in order to remain relevant, and that tinkering with the supply chain is just one of many steps publishers are taking to remain afloat.  

Abstract

Previous studies have suggested that digitization of finance leads to growth in the economy in several middle- and high-income countries, but research in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs) remains limited. This research aimed to examine the trends, barriers, relationships, and prospects of finance digitization in LLMICs. This study used analytical and descriptive cross-sectional study designs. Sixty-six countries were purposively selected based on the available data on the Global Findex and the World Development Indicators databases. The results indicated that the adoption and utilization of finance digitization increased in these countries, but the growth rates varied by region and income group. Low-income countries reported the highest rates of subscriptions to digital finance accounts and storing money in digital accounts, while lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) reported higher rates of inbound/outbound digital transactions, borrowings, and savings using digital channels. Sub-Saharan Africa reported the highest rates of digital finance account subscriptions, digital savings, and digital borrowings, while Europe and Central Asia reported the highest rates of in/out digital transactions. Barriers to digitization in these countries included poor access to the internet, high cost of digital finance products, and lack of a mobile phone, with low-income countries facing more challenges. The analysis revealed a negative significant relationship between finance digitization and Gross National Income growth and a positive significant correlation between finance digitization and other economic growth indicators (gross savings and Gross Domestic Product). Finance digitization was predicted to continue to rise in these countries for the next decade.  

Abstract

Introduction: Mouthwash is a supplemental oral hygiene element and there are plenty of individual products Oral rinses or mouth washes are other names for mouthwash. These are aqueous, liquid formulations used to maintain oral health and prevent, treat, and cure oraldiseases.They are beneficial in the reduction of supra gingival plaque levels and prevention of gingivitis.They are used as an supplement  to the primary mechanical methods of cleaning, but not regarded as their substitute. Materials and method: The survey was done through an online link using google forms.The participants required to fill the questionnaire which included 22 questions related to assessing the knowledge and awareness on usage and effectiveness of mouthwash and it was conducted among dentalstudents .Responses were verified and the analysis was prepared from the results obtained by making suitable pie charts for better understanding and information. Results and Conclusion: Most of the dental students have knowledge and awareness on usage and effectiveness of mouthwash. The majority of respondents acknowledge its importance as a supplementary oral hygiene practice, highlighting its potential benefits in promoting overall dental health. As this awareness grows, students are armed to make informed decisions about incorporating mouthwash into their daily routines. Enhanced knowledge not only promotes a deeper understanding of oral care but also entitle dental students to educate their peers and patients, fostering a broader culture of effective preventive dental measures.  

Abstract

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 is the cause of the global pandemic known as Covid-19 (SARS-COV-2) seen by the whole world with major affection. The angiotensin-converting enzymes-2 (ACE-2) found in skeletal muscles has been shown to connect with the corona virus, making it more vulnerable to direct viral invasion.  Muscle fibroblast's fibrotic activity to rise and the inflammatory response become exacerbated. Musculoskeletal symptoms such as exhaustion, myalgia, arthralgia, muscle weakness, decreased bone mineral density, and soft tissue abnormalities are found among the subjects. Additional research on COVID-19 patients revealed myositis and arthritic alterations, including myalgia, weakening in the muscles, and increased creatine phosphokinase levels. A long-term study discovered that the most prevalent musculoskeletal complaints between two weeks and one month following hospitalization were myalgia, arthralgia, and fatigue. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate different musculoskeletal issues in post-COVID-19 patients. Outcome Measures: Standard Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire will be taken for all subjects. Depending on the problem and joint involved outcome measures like NPDI, SPADI, DASH, OLBDQ, HHS, WOMAC, FADI, CFS, LEFS, FAS will be used. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistical analysis like mean, standard deviation will be done by using SPSS latest version software by taking the help of a Biostatistician after ensuring the normal distribution and analysis. To find out association between two variables Fisher’s exact test and Pearson chi-square test will be used. Conclusion: This study will be helpful to find prevalence of musculoskeletal problems among post Covid-19 subjects. Clinical Trial Registration: The study is registered with Clinical Trials Registry- India (CTRI), with the registration number for the trial being CTRI/2022/08/044661.  

Abstract

The concept of Social Innovation has been receiving growing interest recently due to global challenges such as water scarcity, the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, economic turmoil, and wars. Yet, regardless of the rising interest in this area of study, literature on Social Innovation is still scarce and fragmented. Thus, to fill this gap, this paper aims to contribute to the systematization of the scientific knowledge on Social Innovation disseminated by authors in the GCC during the period between 2017 and 2022. The research data was downloaded from the Scopus database and represented using Microsoft Excel, SocNet V software, and Data wrapper Tool. The study focused on different scientometric tools like most prolific authors, annual research growth, subject-wise publication, international collaboration, authorship pattern, etc. The study revealed that the GCC produced two hundred and eighty-three (283) research publications on Social Innovation during the period between 2017 and 2022. Saudi Arabia tops the list with a total of one hundred and thirteen relevant publications each. Kuwait, on the other hand, ranked lowest with one (5) manuscript during the same period. GCC authors generated the highest number of publications in 2022, while the lowest was in 2018. The productivity trend had been slightly fluctuating for all GCC states except Saudi Arabia, which exhibited a consistent upward trend over the years. The majority of GCC publications focus on the environmental side of Social Innovation rather than societal challenges (71%). Most of the research authored on Social Innovation by researchers in the GCC was conducted jointly (89%) in the form of journal articles (58%).  

Abstract

The study investigates the impact of green accounting practices on the financial performance of quoted manufacturing firms in South East Nigeria. The research uses an Expo factor research design and secondary data from annual financial reports of Nigerian Breweries, International Breweries, Coca-Cola, 7up Bottling Company PLC, Innoson Group of Companies, Juhel Nigeria Limited, and Premier Breweries PLC, registered with the manufacturing association of Nigeria, located in the southeastern region of Nigeria, mainly Anambra and Enugu state. The data was a panel data starting from 2012-2022 for each manufacturing firm.  The results show that green financial accounting has a significant positive effect on financial performance, green management accounting has no significant effect, and also Ecological accounting has no significant effect. The findings suggest that the adoption of green accounting practices significantly influences the financial performance of quoted manufacturing firms in South East Nigeria. The study recommends that firms encourage regulatory bodies or industry associations to establish standardized frameworks for integrating green financial accounting practices.  

Abstract

In the field of dentistry, the presence of an oral pathologist is important, as they play a key role in diagnosing, managing, and preventing diverse oral diseases. Specializing in the examination of the characteristics and development of oral conditions, oral pathologists make substantial contributions to the holistic healthcare of individuals. The timely and correct detection of oral diseases, such as infections, immune-mediated disorders, and malignancies, is one of the main duties of an oral pathologist. Oral pathologists use their knowledge to recognize and categorize conditions affecting the oral tissues by carefully reviewing patient histories, clinical observations, and laboratory tests. This diagnostic understanding is essential for developing suitable treatment strategies and assisting medical professionals in delivering focused, efficient care. This review emphasis on the prominence of the role of an oral pathologist in the realm of dentistry and their necessary guidance in the diagnosis and management of histopathological studies.  

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Abstract

This study focused on enterprise value chain and customer preferences in Nigerian Pharmaceutical Industry. The study determined the relationship between material requirements planning and customer satisfaction with responsiveness; ascertained the relationship between total quality management and customer expectations of service delivery in the industry; and established the relationship between value chain marketing of pharmaceutical organizations in Nigeria and customer satisfaction with product availability. The research adopted a survey research design. The total population of the study was 1,835 physicians.The sample size of the study was 600. The study reveals that materials inventory, order processing, and order revising have significant positive effects on customer satisfaction with service responsiveness within the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry. Findings further revealed that materials inventory, order processing, and order revising have significant positive effects on customer satisfaction with service agility in the pharmaceutical industry. This study sheds light on the intricate relationship between enterprise value chain processes and customer satisfaction in the Nigerian pharmaceutical industry. The study recommended among others that pharmaceutical companies should prioritize efficient materials inventory management, streamlined order processing, and effective order revising to enhance customer satisfaction with service responsiveness and agility.  

Abstract

The issue of divorce is as old as human existence. Divorce affects children, women, and men differ in terms of how they go through the process and how they deal with the aftermath. Members of the same family can have very different experiences. A lot of divorcing families face a slew of issues involving the family, particularly the children; Mothers are, in most situations, the primary caregivers. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the causes of divorce and the lives of divorced women in rural areas of Dembecha District. To address the objective, the researcher uses a qualitative approach, ethnographic study design, and purposive sampling technique. The methods of data collection were: - in-depth interview, key informant interview, focus group discussion, and documents recorded in Dembecha District court office. The collected data were analyzed thematically. The finding of this study showed that divorce has different major causes in the study area such as - poverty, women taking family low as an advantage, relatives and friends’ interference, inability to give birth, cheating, the existence of stepchildren, and jealousy. Divorced women challenging economic, social, and psychological problems, to cope with those problems, they used; land rent, local Areki extraction, bull power, and daily labor. This can conclude as Divorce has different causes, it also becomes a serious problem especially for women because they have social and cultural influence to leave out the house and to care for children. Divorced women use different coping mechanisms but they do have not enough options to cope and resist the situation. Finally, this study suggests some implications such as, to escape the negative impacts of divorce, the habit of marriage counselling should be enhanced; creating awareness to the local people about the family law including the sharing of properties during a divorce is used to minimize the challenges of women, no one is asking them to give any governmental or non-governmental support but by seeing the seriousness of the problem, for example, giving a separate house, creating work opportunities, and other supports to them is mandatory.  

Abstract

The goal of this project is to establish a method for making microsponges, a herbal composition, as well as methods for assessing its ability.By using the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method, herbal extracts, ethyl cellulose used as a polymer, and polyvinyl alcohol as an emulsifier present in the formulation, which is used to prepare microsponge formulations of drugs, were successfully obtained. The developed formulations were taken into consideration for in-depth characterisation. The majority of microsponge preparations are made by putting drugs into them, and the results are repeatable.The FTIR, Differential scanning colorimetry, and Scanning electron microscopy examinations were used to characterise the microsponges, and the total drug content and entrapment efficiency were then determined.The effect of a different drug-polymer ratio on particle size, total drug content, and encapsulation effectiveness was striking. The batch F5 has a 96.23% production yield, a maximum TDC of 97.23%, and an entrapment efficiency of 95.87%.All the results were found to be satisfactory.