Innovations is internationally peer-reviewed journal. Innovations aim to publish original research articles and review articles in diverse fields of Social Sciences and some field of science. This is non-profit, non-stock refereed scientific journal in the world. Innovations is quarterly publication with non-commercial purpose. Innovations Journal has been indexed in the well-known world databases such as 1. Web of Science 2. Road 3. Cosmos 4. Economic Literature (American Economic Association) 5. Scopus 6. Research Papers in Economies (America) 7. Scimago 8. Google Scholar 9. Ugc Care 10. Research Gate 11. Academia Edu 12. French Foundation for Management Education (France) 13. Research Bib 14. National Center for Scientific Research (France). Innovations recognized as a primary instrument for projecting and supporting the goals and objectives, which include scholarly research and the free exchange of ideas. Innovations appreciate systematic reviews, original papers, and peer-reviewed research on all aspects of social science and some field of Science.
Statistical Analysis to Study the Effectiveness of Treatment Methods for Kidney Stones
Anshika1 , Gunjan Singh2
Background– In therapeutic areas – the treatment methods for kidney stones have been developed over the years, providing with more than one option to treat the kidney stones. The success rates of the same have been compared and statistically tested to understand the effectiveness of each method and draw conclusions about choosing the best. Objective –This study aims at comparing different methods of treating Kidney Stones and establishing which is the most successful. Methodology and Data – In this study, data published in 1986 in “The British Medical Journal” has been worked upon. Of the 1052 renal calculi patients, 350 received open surgery, 350 underwent percutaneous, nephrolithotomy, 328 underwent extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), and 24 underwent both ESWL and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. It was considered a success by a treatment if it could either remove the stones or reduce them to less than 2mm after three months. The same data has been analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test of independence using MS Excel. Results and Discussion – Analysis shows that there exists a significant association between success in treatment and type of treatment, and also it has been observed between success and size of kidney stone. The modes of total cases and success cases have been compared to see that they vary for different kidney stone size groups, and for the overall case.
The Nigerian Puzzle: Decoding Population Dynamics for Sustainable Economic Growth
Friday Barnabas Balogun1, Ali Abbas Dhakir2, Rosli Rozaini3
Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, faces significant challenges due to its rapid population growth, characterised by a fertility rate of 5.1 and population doubling every 29 years. These demographic trends have contributed to high poverty (over 40%), youth unemployment (33%), maternal mortality (1,047 per 100, 000), low literacy (62%), and unequal resource distribution. These challenges may likely put significant pressure on Nigeria’s resources and infrastructure.Without early policy interventions, these pressures could impede sustainable economic development. This study explores Nigeria’s population dynamics, focusing on historical trends, current patterns, and future impacts on economic development. The research employs autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models, error correction estimation (ECM), and statistical forecasting to analyse the short- and long-term impacts of demographic factors on Nigeria’s GDP growth. the findings reveal that population factors significantly influence economic performance, with inflation playing a variable role depending on management strategies. Notably, labour force participation and foreign direct investment (FDI) are essential drivers of growth, while past economic trends also shape future performance. The ARDL/ECM models explain 95.13% of GDP growth variation, confirming the importance of addressing long-term demographic and economic factors. The study concludes that proactive policy interventions are necessary to leverage demographic trends for sustainable economic benefits. Recommendations include controlling inflation, investing in human capital, developing infrastructure, and promoting stable domestic and foreign direct investment. Policymakers must incorporate past economic dynamics into their strategies to ensure sustainable growth and effectively manage Nigeria’s demographic transitions.
Nuclear Energy Development Research in Nigeria: A review
1,2 Festus O. Abayomi; 3Charles C. Ajaero & 4Kenneth C. Onyeaka
Nigeria, a developing country with huge population increase is facing energy crisis. Thus, to meet energy demand, the country has committed to building a nuclear power plant (NPP). This review aims to systematically evaluate research evolution and issues with NPP in Nigeria. Peer reviewed journal publications were accessed from Google Scholar and SCOPUS databases. They were identified, screened and evaluated using set inclusion- exclusion criteria. Among the included studies, 23.5% are ‘Review’ articles, while 76.5% are ‘Research articles’. Different aspects of issues related to deployment of NPP were identified. Majority (47%) dealt with potential of NPP electricity generation and its emission mitigation. 35.3% dealt with environment and safety issues of NPP, including atmospheric dispersion (normal operation and accidental release) and seismicity; while 17.7% focuses on resources including human resources development, technical, political, financial and others. 92.3% of the corresponding or lead authors are affiliated or have other affiliations with foreign universities, almost all of which have operational NPP. South Africa accounts for 38.5% and India, 15.4% of the authors’ foreign affiliations. This indicates the need for Nigerian researchers to collaborate with those in nuclear advanced countries.
Enhancing Customer Perceived Value in an Augmented Reality Environment: A Comprehensive Analysis
Dr. Abhijit Chandratreya
This research paper investigates the role of customer-perceived value (CPV) in augmented reality (AR) environments. Augmented reality, characterized by integrating digital information into the real-world environment, has gained significant attention across various industries. As businesses increasingly leverage AR to enhance customer experiences, understanding the factors contributing to customer perceived value becomes crucial for sustained success. This paper explores the dimensions of CPV within AR environments and identifies strategies to optimize these perceptions for improved customer satisfaction and loyalty.
The Decision-making Processes in Multilevel Governance: The Voice of the Local Community on the Reorganization of Guji Zone, South Oromia Ethiopia
Haile Chuluke Digile, Kham Khan Suan Hausing
This study investigated decision-making processes in multilevel governance and the local community's voice on the reorganization of the Guji Zone in South Ethiopia. The study employed qualitative approaches to collect and interpretive methods to analyze the data. The research sample was selected from government officials, community leaders, representatives, local residents, and Non-governmental organizations to get an insight into the decision. Convenience sampling was utilized for representatives of the Guji people in the council of the Caffee Oromia region based on their roles, influences, and involvement in decision-making processes. The participants were identified purposively to triangulate their views on the decision-making processes to reorganize East Borana Zone by reshuffling districts from Guji and Bale zones and removing Guji Zone from the previous capital, Nagele town. Moreover, interpretive and participant observation was employed to describe their feelings and involvement in the decisions. The researcher evaluated the utilized processes of decision-making in multilevel governance, the voices of local communities under participatory governance, and the institutional framework to reorganize the East Borana Zone in south Oromia.
Appraising Ethiopian Urban Leadership Effectiveness in Multilevel Urban Governance: Evidence from Addis Ababa City Administration
Gebre Miruts Beyene
The multilevel urban governance depends on urban leadership effectiveness. It is a multi-dimensional in approach that in campus shared vision and mission, leadership communication skill, team development, collective decision making, quartile-model of urban change leadership, urban leadership intelligence among other things. The state of multilevel urban leadership will also be incomplete without measuring the role of leadership. Hence, the study examined urban leadership effectiveness in multilevel urban governance using the components of multifaceted urban leadership effectiveness. Descriptive and explanatory research types were employed. The sample was 828 determined using proportionate formulas from multilevel public sectors of Addis Ababa. Descriptive statistics, correlationand regression were used to analyze data. The study discussed and come-up with the conclusions that, multilevel urban leaders are modestly effective. Knowledge and understanding about designed city vision and mission, functional team development, leadership stability, collective decision making and communication skill are found moderately effective. However, urban leadership intelligence and the 4I leadership dimensions are poorly practiced. Therefore, the city administration should have to take a remedial action on urban leadership development initiatives, urban leadership competency framework (fundamental, core and functional competencies) should urgently be in-placed, the city government must launch leadership accreditation and certification work unit, and the city administration should work onleadership stabile placement, and Addis Ababa leadership academy must also design modular training to capacitate multilevel leaders of the city.
Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Image of Selected Manufacturing Firms in North - West, Nigeria
1Musa, Bulus Kwablang; 2Uduji, Joseph Ikechukwu; 3Nweke, Maduabuchi Charles; 4Okezie, Kristopher Onyekachi; 5Oladipo, Taiwo Kolawole; 6Achi, David Achi
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of corporate social responsibility on corporate image of selected manufacturing firms in North-West, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: (i) determine the extent to which philanthropic responsibility of the selected manufacturing firms affect their corporate image, (ii) determine the extent to which ethical responsibility of the firms affect their corporate image, and (iii) determine the extent to which economic responsibility of the firms affect their corporate image. Research hypotheses were formulated and they aligned with the objectives. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population comprised 7,321,737 adults dwelling in the seven state capitals of the North-West geopolitical zone of Nigeria.The sample size of 384 was determined using Yamane’s formula.The instrument was validated by research experts and experienced academics in the area of study to ensure content validity. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to test the reliability of the research instrument which resulted in a reliability threshold of 0.7. Multiple regressions were used to test the hypotheses at 5% level of significance. The result of the analysis showed that philanthropic responsibility, ethical responsibility and economic responsibility of the selected manufacturing firms have significant and positive effect on their corporate image. The study, therefore, recommend that: Firms in Nigeria through philanthropic responsibility should assist, donate and help stakeholders. Also, firms should again be ethically responsible to their stakeholders in good morals and principles. Finally, firms should design and develop economic sustainability, local content development and value addition to stakeholders.
Transgender Quest for Identity and their Representation in Indian Literature
Neha Toppo1 & Md. Mojibur Rahman2
The word ‘transgender’ used to refer to people whose socially defined gender behaviour and expression are different from typical expectations based on the sex assigned at birth. They are pushed to the edges of different human realms because of their gender related queer identity. In India, transgender have a long-standing history dating back to the ancient times. From classical to contemporary Indian literature, there is a great shift in the delineation of their life, identity and roles in the society. The article delves into the multifaceted portrayal of transgender in Indian literature from the trajectory of ancient scriptures to modern day works while also analyzing how the concept of sexual orientation, gender, and identity shape and influence one another. Indian ancient texts including Vedas, Puranas and mythologies granted them a respectful position close to the divine. But colonization in India brought them into subordinate position. However, today they are expressing their agonies and struggles through their own writings. The representation of their voices through self writing in Indian literature is limited but evolving significantly. They do not only portray the true picture of their lives but strive to find a rightful and respectful place by demanding reformation of conventional gender norms. This article seeks to highlight their literary relevance and recent advancement in Indian literary work.