The effect of organizational culture on employee commitment: the case of commercial bank of Ethiopia in Gondar city; Gondar
Zerihun Kinde
The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of organizational culture on employee’s commitment in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia at Gondar City branches. The researcher used explanatory research design with quantitative research approach in order to meet the objective of the study. The target populations of the studywere 564 professional employees of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia at Gondar city. A standardized questionnaire which was adopted from previous scholars on Likert scale foundation was used to collect data from 222 sample respondents. In addition, random sampling technique was undertaken to select respondents from each branch of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia at Gondar City. Pearson Correlation analysis was used and it was obtained that there was direct and significant relationship between all the four dimensions of organizational culture and employee commitment in the Bank. Besides, the regression result revealed that all the four dimensions measuring organizational culture were found to have their own positive and significant effect on employees’ commitment in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. Consistency was found to be the most contributing organizational culture dimension in the prediction of employee’s commitment. The remaining three dimensions, involvement, adaptability and mission had significant contribution in predicting employees’ commitments in their respective order.The overall finding of the study revealed that all the four dimensions of organization culturedimensions had positive significant effect on employee commitment and the researcher concluded that organizational culture had a significant effect in improving the level of employee commitment in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia at Gondar city. Based on the finding of the study, the researcher recommended that Commercial Bank of Ethiopia should give priority to all selected organizational culture traits i.e., involvement, consistency, adaptability and mission which had strong influences on employees’ commitment.
Sesame a Boon to Dentistry- A systematic review
Dr. R. Gomathi MDS 1*, Dr. T. N. Uma Maheswari MDS, PhD 2, Dr. S. Rajesh Kumar MSc, MBA,PhD3
Although millions and millions of plants exists in the universe, not all the plants can be used for medical purposes. The use of natural remedies for the management of illnesses always seek importance and in the past few decades the attention towards the use of natural products has increased. One such gift from nature is Sesame, due to its various medical properties like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti- microbial; Sesame is crowned as the “Queen of oilseed crops”. Literature search was done in various databases like Pubmed, Cochrane, Google scholar and hand search. Out of 129 records retrieved, a total of 13 articles were included finally. Quality assessment of the selected articles was done using Risk Of Bias(ROB) tool 2. Sesame has been used worldwide for management of various dental problems like dentinal hypersensitivity, gingivitis, periodontal problems, aphthous ulcer, oral mucositis, oral Submucous fibrosis etc. in most of the studies included sesame has been used in the form of oil pulling. Sesame has been proved to be as equally as effective as available gold standards. Hence sesame can be used for the management of oral diseases and moreover can be used safely due to its nil side effects.
The impact of microfinance services on the growth of small business enterprises in Jijiga and Degahbur cities administration
Abdi Mohamed Muhumed
The main purpose of this study was to examine the impact of microfinance institution services on the growth of small business enterprises in jijiga and Degahbur cities administration. Small business clients have always had challenges in investing in business due to lack of capital, financial management skills, or the suitable ideas on viable business. This study adopted an explanatory method that aimed at finding the impact MFIs services on the growth of SBEs to identify the extent cause and effect relationship of variables. The study adopted cross-sectional survey. A sample technique that used by the researcher was simple random sampling the representation of total sample size 154. This study used both primary and secondary source of data with the research approach of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The researcher found that microfinance services had positive impact on the growth as revealed by the both descriptive regression analysis. The researcher concludes that After discussing with respondents about the involvement of microfinance institutions to the growth of small business enterprises in Jijigaand Degahbur and presenting the collected data in the form of description, percentages, statistical tables and frequency distribution, we discovered that the majority of the respondents confirmed that microfinance institution services had impact on the growth of small business enterprises. Regarding the impact of those services to the growth of their small businesses clients, the respondents revealed that all microfinance services from the Somali Microfinance Institution had make a payment to the growth of small business by increasing their total sales turnover and capital. The recommendation of Microfinance Financial institutions, particularly Somali microfinance banks should be encouraged increasing their loans and training to SBEs workers. This can be achieved from side to side comforting the conditions of granting loan, flexible repayment period, reduction in the rate of interest and awareness through routine training and programs.
Covid-19 To "Omicron XE" - Impact and change in the Future of Dentistry
Anbu Velusamy1 Selvanathan MJ Vinola2 Thirumurugan SV Mahadhevan3
The outburst of COVID-19 vigorously soared in cases creating a dreadful pandemic, which resulted in severe catastrophic health and wealth crisis across the globe. With all the career fields striving for survival, dentistry has faced and is still facing its time of strenuous survival due to the various waves’from COVID-19 to Omicron XE.The report provided by the dental academics in Wuhan, China, which outlined the immediate impact of COVID-19 on dental health-care professionals and on the massive impacts it might have on the profession of dentistry, elicited the attention of dentists globally. The pandemic has also highlighted few voids in dental research and the need for widespread knowledge to manage the present crisis and reduce the impact of such outbreaks in the future of dentistry.Despite meticulous and stern global containment and curfew efforts, the incidence of COVID 19 still prevails and has led to the outbreak of the various waves.The aim of this article is to highlight the impact of COVID-19 to Omicron XEand to recommend various futuristic methods of infection control strategies and patient management protocols to provide prime dental treatment with utmost care for the benefit of the patients and dentists.
Investigating Bullying against Female college students
Temesgen Ayalew Alamineh
The purpose of this study was to acquire descriptive information about bullying against female students in Begemdir College of Teacher Education (BMCTE). In the study, both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. The findings were based on a random sample of 60 female students from third year regular batches. Moreover, counselors, teacher-educators and grievance bodies were purposefully selected and included in the study. Instruments selected for collecting data were questionnaire, interview and focused group discussion. As it was reported in the finding, bullying was found to adversely affect the life of female trainees. The causes and types of bullying were found to be many in number. Furthermore, bullying was found to have high rates of prevalence. That is, it was found to occur mostly on daily basis. In the study, it was also found out that female trainees often encountered with many adverse effects after they are victimized and the perpetrators of bullying were found to exist both in the college and out of it. In the college, students, teacher-educators, guards and individuals from the supportive staff were found to be the main perpetrators. Outside the college, taxi drivers, traders and house renters were found to harass females. Thus, it could be recommended that the college, in collaboration with the Amhara Education Bureau, the Women’s Affair, the Town’s Security Force and other concerned stake holders should devise a mechanism to alleviate the incidence of bullying and ensure the safety and security of female trainees.
Assessment of Leadership Practice in Secondary Schools of Sidama National Region State, Ethiopia
Habteab Sherbo
This study was set out to assess the Leadership practice in secondary schools of Sidama National Region State, Ethiopia. Primary data were collected through questionnaire and interview. Leadership practice to promote communication among teachers, supporting professional development of teachers, and providing individual support for teachers and developing best practice of the school to improve instructional leadership practices were poorly performed. The study also showed that heavy administrative work load and lack of facilitating favorable condition to make parents to participate in different school activities are major internal challenges that affect leadership. Finally, the study uncovered that lack of training, lack of super visor activity in the school and budget constraints are major external challenges that affect external activity. It is concluded that leaders are not playing their part in leadership. It is recommended that the school leaders need to play their leadership roles appropriately in participating stakeholders in practice. Moreover, education leaders especially Woreda and Regional education Bureau should provide appropriate training and support for school leaders in order to promote effective leadership practices of school principals in schools.
Assessing the role of school leadership in improving students academic achievement in secondary schools of Regional State
Addisu Abebe Gobana
The aim of this study was to assess the role of school leadership in improving students’ academic performance with reference to secondary schools in the Sidama region of Ethiopia. The mixed research approach was employed. Primary data were collected through interviews&questionnaires. Document review was also part of the data collection instrument for the study. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation while the narrative analysis approach was used to analyze qualitative data. The findings of this evidenced that leaders’ promotionof communication among teachers, providing individual support for teachers, and developing the practices in the school to improve students’ academic performance were found poorly performed. Lack of confidence on the part of principals to exercise leadership, lack of courage and commitment of the principals, and, shortage of adequate guidance and support from higher ofreported as the major challenges that hindered leadership in improving student’s academic achievement. The study concluded that lack of materials and equipment and lack of enough time to support teachers were the major challenges to the school leadershiproles in the study area. Based on the findings providing training, providing required guidelines, and anther relevant manuals for instructional supervisors, and awareness creation for teachers and school leaders were recommended to improve students’ academic achievement in the study area were recommended.
The effect of Transformational Leadership Practices on Effectiveness Technical and Vocational Education and Training Institutions in Sidama Zone, Ethiopia
Barasa Balguda Belay
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Transformational Leadership Practices on Effectiveness Technical and Vocational Education and Training Institutions in Sidama Zone. The researcher employed quantitative research approach with explanatory research design. Simple random sampling technique was employed by researcher to select 243 staff out of 618 employees in TVET institutions in Sidama Zone. Also, the direct personal interview was conducted with leaders in the colleges. The result of regression analysis multiple linear regression model was applied to investigate the effect of transformational leadership practices on the effectiveness of TVET institutions in Sidamazone. The findings of this study showed that, challenge the process, inspiring a shared vision, enabling others to act, modeling the way, and encouraging the heart have positive and statistically significant effect on staff commitment. The response of interview was showed that abuse of power, lack of focus on building staff relationship, fewer checks and balance, setting too big picture, loss of power if followers disagree with them. On the other hand, encouraging followers, moral support, sharing of new ideas, collaborations, ready for goal setting, staff happiness, and trust among leaders and employees. Hence, the researcher suggested that the TVET institutions should improve the transformational leadership practices more than current status to encourage the staff commitment which is base for productivity of the organizations.
Factors Contributing to External Auditors Independence: Subject-Based Theoretical Framework
Kanbiro Orkaido Deyganto
The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of external auditors’ independence in Ethiopia. To achieve this objective, the researcher used a mix of quantitative and qualitative research approaches with the explanatory research design where the effect caused by explanatory variables was predicted through regression analysis. A simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents. The primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire. The ordered logistic regression analysis showed that ethical awareness of auditors, training, and learning, audits firm size, the competition level of audit service, the existence of an audit committee, audit tenure, the performance of non-audit service, and professional audit standards were statistically significant. However, the size of audit fees and information technology utilization were not statistically significant. Therefore, the researchers forwarded possible recommendations to private audit firms in Ethiopia based on statistically significant variables to improve the auditors’ independence.
Influence of media sensitization messages on World Bank-assisted Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP) on Knowledge, attitudes and practice among residents of South-East Nigeria
Ambrose Igboke, Luke Ifeanyi Anorue
goal of this study was to determine influence of media sensitization messages on World Bank-assisted Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP) on Knowledge, attitudes and practice among residents of South-East Nigeria. The researcher utilized descriptive survey research design to conduct the study while the sample size was made up of 405 respondents from South-East Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to carry out the study with questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. Simple percentages, mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses for the study. The result of the study showed that respondents’ knowledge of media sensitization messages on NEWMAP among residents of South-East Nigeria in the area of contents, platform used, time the messages are carried, message elements as well as objective of the message. It was also found that exposure to media sensitization messages was an important determinant for its effectiveness in the area of influencing environmental practice. Accordingly, respondents who reported higher exposure also indicated positive environmental practice than their counterparts who indicated lower exposure. Additional result showed that exposure to media messages on NEWMAP significantly contribute in improving knowledge of environmental practice among residents of South-East Nigeria. Respondents who reported higher exposure also reported better knowledge of environmental practice than their counterparts who reported lower exposure to such messages.
Lawyers knowledge, perception and application of information and communication technologies in Nigerian judicial practice
Yare, Mathew Danjuma & Anthony Ekwueme
The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and use of ICTs among lawyers from North Central Nigeria. The study had three objectives which were converted to research questions. The researcher applied a descriptive survey as the design of the study while the population was made up of all the lawyers who were members of the Nigerian Bar Association from North Central Nigeria. The sample size was made up of 385 lawyers while questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. The result of the study showed thus: there is low knowledge level of ICT among lawyers within the study area, majority of the respondents had positive attitudes towards ICTs; although most of the respondents reported that they use ICTs. Additional result showed that as high as 54% reported that their extent of use of ICTs for judicial use was low. The study makes recommendations on how to promote knowledge acquisition on ICTs tools among lawyers.
Influence of Teachers Pedagogical Behaviour, Gender and Peer group of Students on their Attitude towards Learning of Chemistry in Delta State Public Secondary Schools
Dr. Asiyai, Anthony A & Ogedegbe, Hope E
This study investigated the influence of teacherpedagogical practices, students’ gender and peer group on the irattitude towards chemistry. The study was guided by three research questions and three hypotheses. Thissurvey research adopted ex-post facto design. A total of 40 chemistry teachers and 378 senior secondary school III (SS 3) students served as a sample for the study. Questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by an expert in science education. The reliability of the instrument was determined using test re-test method and gave reliability index of 0.84, 0.95 and 0.87 for students’ attitude, teacher pedagogical behaviour andpeer group rating scale respectively. The data collected through the questionnaire were analysed with the aid of mean and standard deviation and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and t-test statistics. The hypotheses were tested at 95% confidence level. The findings revealed that students have poor attitude towards the learning of chemistry. There was a significant difference between male and female students in their attitude towards the learning of chemistry. There was significant relationship between teacher pedagogical behaviour and peer group and their attitude towards the learning of chemistry. The study concludes by recommending that government of Delta State should invest on training for chemistry teachers on pedagogical strategies that could boost students’ interest in chemistry.Parents as well as chemistry teachers should encourage the students to develop positive attitude towards chemistry.
Review in Critical Success Factors for Self-Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa
Temesgen Anebo Sulamo1, Kuldeep C. Rojhe2,
Self-employment (SE) is turning into a development agenda sequent to the demographic and economic changes that are yielding largestatewithin the developing world primarily geographic area (SSA). Varied factors were seen as determinative the successes of SE. This paper is meantto look atthe various success factors of SE in SSA and also the relationship between the CSFs and SE practices. The article could be a literature review and given the considerablevariety of publications regarding the practices and critical success factors of SE, we commenced a systematic and comprehensive search of the publications. The Google scholar search engine was accustomed to manipulate the subsequent six keywords: self-employment, graduate outcome, Entrepreneurship, Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET), crucial success factors (CSF), and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) published since 2000. Nineteen published papers were purposively selected for thematic analysis. It's found that within the developing world like SSA, practices, and achievements have begun to yield positive developments. Yet, the effectualness of SE in SSA isn't well researched and comprehensive research works don't seem to be seen and varied factors have an effect on SE choices or entrepreneurial intentions (EIs). These factors will beclassified as personality, cognitive, institutional, and contextual factors and each has constitutes. The four CSFs interact with each other and alsohave an effect on the success of SE decisions (intentions). These implicit the necessity for an integrated policy response toward enhancing the effectualness of SE. Within the developing world, including SSA, where TVET programs have begun to play crucial roles in making TVET graduates self-employed, there ought to be comprehensive self-employee development, particularly in the making of the graduate outcomes.
Analyzing the Economic Growth of the Indian State and Union Territories Using Factor Analysis Technique
Renuka Devi1, Alok Agrawal2, Joydip Dhar3
Indian economy has gone through many phases. In this paper researchers have focusedon the current economic situation of India. Economic growth of Indian states and union territories has been analyzed using the factor analysis as a mathematical tool. This paper is based on scientific methodology and researcher has used 28 states and 5 union territories to collect the data. To understand the economic development, in this research total 17 parameters are selected.To analyze these variable,Principal component analysis is used and 17 variables are classified under two common factors by using the Varimax rotation method. This research is an extension to the previous researches and a platform for the upcoming research. SPSS is used as a mathematical tool to derive the results. Data is collected from MoSPI (GSDP data 2017-18).
Green Human Resource Management Practices, Employees Behaviour and Environmental Sustainability of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria
Temitope O. Olaiya , Johnson S. Olaosebikan & Julianah Akintunde-Adeyi
Environmental issues have become an issue of concern all over the world as our environment has deteriorated over the past centuries, creating threats to humanity itself. This unsafe position can be attributed to the unsustainable industrial activities of humans. The Manufacturing sector is believed to be one of the largest contributors of waste and emissions which impedes the attainment of sustainable development goals. In order to address the various issues associated with environmental challenges, green human resource management (GHRM) practices are an alternative approach for manufacturing companies that allows the organisation to have more sustainable operations. The study hereby examined the role of green human resource management (GHRM) practices on environmental sustainability with employee behaviour as a mediating variable. The data was collected from 362 employees in 3 manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The data were analysed using structural equations modelling (SEM). The study concludes that green recruitment and selection and employee behaviour positively influence environmental sustainability also green employee relations positively influence employee behaviour in manufacturing companies in Nigeria. However, employee behaviour does not mediate the relationship between GHRM practices and environmental sustainability.
The effect of transformational leadership style on employee job satisfaction: a study on Amhara credit and saving institution, Ethiopia
Yilma Asmamaw Alemu & Prof. M. Sandhya Sridevi , Prof. M. Uma Devi
This study investigates the effects of a transformational leadership style on the job satisfaction of Amhara Credit and Saving Institution employees. The Amhara Credit and Saving Institution (ACSI) is one of the largest microfinance institutions in Ethiopia. The multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used to measure transformational leadership practices, and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) was used to measure employee satisfaction.Three hundred ninety-seven survey questionnaires were given, and 352 valid ACSI workers replied, representing a response rate of 88.7%, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 23.According to the study's findings, transformational leadership has a favorable impact on employee satisfaction. Pearson correlation analysis result shows that all factors of transformational leadership Idealized influence (behavior), Inspirational motivation, Idealized influence (attributed), Individualized consideration, and Intellectual stimulation were all positive and strongly correlated with one with employee satisfaction. The regression analysis result showed that transformational leadership explains employee satisfaction, and the ANOVA table confirmed that the model is statistically significant at p.01. The coefficient portion of the regression model discovered that all aspects of transformational leadership, including Idealized influence (behavior), Inspirational motivation, Idealized influence (attributed), Individualized consideration, and Intellectual stimulation, were significantly determinant in terms of predicting employee satisfaction.According to the study finding, transformational leadership is an essential type of leadership to practice if one wishes to improve employee satisfaction.
Characterization of the Microstructural Properties of Polymer- Calcine Kaolin Clay Mineral Concrete- A review
Emmanuel Ufuah1, Christopher Ehizemhen Igibah2
With the contemporary swift increase in population, the demand for infrastructure development likewise increased exponentially. As the cities experiences evolution, built-up areas temperature also increases the chemical reactions which in turn generate smog and rise in pollution. These increase demand for innovative infrastructure such as Polymer and nano concrete or polymer – photocatalysaconcrete that can feed the global demand for building materials.Polymer concrete is a composite or multifarious material in which the aggregate is joined together in a matrix with a polymer binder.While photocatalyst, titanium dioxide () and calcium oxide (), is a naturally occurring compound that can decompose gaseous pollutants with the presence of sunlight. Combination of both can tackle or substitute Portland cement that has shortened service life,causesemission, organic synthesis and durability problems during construction, though widely utilized man-made material, mostly when serving in nonideal environment and suffering internal or external assaults. Moreover, Nitrogen oxides () from dirts threating quality of air breath in and huge cost of cleaning due to uneven stains resulting from murky and dirty on building or structures exterior surfaces like roofs, kerbs and facades especially in tropical regions. Hence, there is need for innovative concrete or construction materials that support the sustainability aspects of construction, besides has rapid setting characteristics, high strength-to-weight ratio, ability to withstand a corrosive, aquatic environment, save natural resources, protecting the environment, besides solve environmental problems and energy catastrophethrough only consuming solar energy.Also serves as possible method to make the municipality cleaner by decreasing the air pollutants as well as tackle emissions challenges. The use of this contemporary concrete composite in urban and interurban areas can reduce maintenance cost, removes pollutants from the air and ensure a cleaner environment.
Impediments faced in teaching agricultural trade-based curriculum amid the Covid-19 era and sustainable resilient measures in Delta state, Nigeria
Samuel .S. Agbidi(Ph.D), Victor. Ideh(Ph.D),Uleburn. M. Imobighe(Ph.D) and Ifechukwude, Emefia
The Delphi expert approach was employed in identifying the impediments faced by Agricultural science teachers in teaching the Agricultural trade-based curriculum amid the Covid-19 era and the expository approach was used to determine the Sustainable Resilient Measures (SRMs) that could be taken to overcome future occurrences in Delta State, Nigeria. The study population is made up of 1143 Agricultural science teachers in 464 public secondary schools in Delta State, out of which only 35 head teachers formed the expert panel. At the end of the first stage, a total of 31 items were identified by the Agricultural science teachers as the impediments faced during the COVID-19 era in Delta State, Nigeria. In the second stage, only 23 items reached the benchmark of 2.5, which were later utilized for the third stage. At the end of the third stage, at the 60% benchmark only 16 items reached consensus. The items were inadequate infrastructural technology, inadequately skilled teachers in the use of outside school learning platforms,inadequate training of teachers among others. Therefore, it was concluded that SRMs such as immediate and sustainable responses in line with the current situation in the society, and smart agricultural technology in passing learning instructions among others could be adopted against future impediments of a pandemic. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that the Agricultural science teachers should be professionally trained and the trade-based curriculum be reviewed to respond to future occurrences that may result in lockdowns.
Reevaluation of Alkaliphilic Bacteria as remedy to settlement structural crack, time saver and cost-efficient.
Emmanuel Ufuah1, Christopher Ehizemhen Igibah2
This study investigated the self –healing concrete (concrete that heal crack itself) and different type of baccilus subtilis bacteria was used during in situ concrete production. Thebio mineralization of bacteria in concrete, a biological process commonly seen in few forms of microorganisms. The strength and durability can be increased by using these microorganisms as binders and fillers in concrete. Epoxy treatment is currently used for the repair works which is harmful to the environment and health as toxic fumes and gases evolved may cause serious skin and breathing issues. Hence the use of biological techniques should be focused. The use of biological techniques in concrete lead to the invention of a new building material i.e. bio-concrete.Conventional concrete structures repairs usually involve applying a bonded concrete mortar to the damaged surface. Sometimes, metal pins used to key mortar into the existing structure to prevent been fall away. Underground or great height structures repairs can be particularly expensive and time consuming because of difficulties in gaining access to the structure to mends.Natural processes such as eathquakes, weathering, land subsidence, faults, and human activities generate fissures and fractures historical stone monuments and concrete structures. Structure service life may reduce as fissures and fractures are detrimental In the case of buildings of historic importance and 20 monuments, these cracks tend to disfigure as well ruin the structure. Use of bacterial concrete for remediating these structures will reduce the crack width and increase the strength of the structure.
The role of internal control in reducing reputational risk and its implications for achieving financial sustainability
Maytham Abed Kadhim 1 Fatima Saleh Mehdi Al Gharban 2
This research aims to determine the reputational risks and the role of internal control in reducing them, and its impact on achieving financial sustainability. The research problem was embodied in the extent to which internal control contributes to reducing reputational risk, providing customers with electric power and sick services, its impact on achieving financial sustainability by paying subscribers the wages of energy supplied by the South Electricity Distribution Company,Al-Muthanna Branch.The research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of an inverse relationship between the (reputation) variable represented by customer satisfaction and the (financial sustainability) variable.The higher the dissatisfaction rate, the lower the financial sustainability, while the most important recommendations were the need to activate the role of internal control, to assist management in making rational decisions, which helps her to achieve the satisfaction of the types of subscribers, the results were unfavorable and require a large amount of adjustments.
Impact of Accounting Practices on Financial Performances of SMEs in Somali Regional State of Ethiopia
Dr. Perways Alam
The study was about the Impact of Accounting Practices on Financial Performance of SMEs in Somali Regional State, Ethiopia. The objectives of the study were: to study accounting practices adopted by SMEs and the second objective was to analyze whether financial performance was due to SME’s use of accounting practices in Somali Regional State, Ethiopia. The study used descriptive research design with the primary data collected from 68 SMEs in in Somali Regional State by using structured questionnaires. Non- probability sampling was used. The study found that, that, 58.8 % disagreed that the SMEs have accountants. Most SMEs transactions were not endorsed by internal auditors as 66.2% disagreed. Also 86.8% disagreed that Management of SMEs use financial reports. The findings showed that, 50.0 % of SMEs disagreed that Profit earned by SMEs due to Auditing.60.3% respondents were disagreed that profits ascertainment is due to keeping books of accounts.48.5% disagreed that Contribution by auditors enhance financial Performance and 55.9% disagreed that management accounting enable profit generation in Somali Regional State, Ethiopia. This study recommended that, SME’s laws be enhanced and made mandatory for SMEs to hire accountants and internal auditors or the government should have a pool of accountants who will be accountable for assisting SMEs in the use of accounting practices. The government should conduct workshops and seminars related to the use of accounting practices for SMEs/ owners. Policy makers should take necessary steps to bring faith among the SMEs that accounting practices will increase the profit of the SMEs in Somali Regional State, Ethiopia.
Women factors in the workplace and organizational performance in selected state universities in South-South, Nigeria
Eromafuru Edward Godbless (PhD) & Ewere Ojoh Maureen (M.Sc)
Women factors in the workplace such as gender equality, women’s safety and empowerment issues are discussed and debated all around the globe. Still, every year, the number of reports on sexual harassment and gender inequality are increasing at an alarming rate. Thus, this study aimed at women factors in the workplace and organizational performance in selected state universities in South-South, Nigeria. In other to ascertain the relationship between the variables, four research questions were raised and four null hypotheses were formulated. The design used for this study was a descriptive survey with a sample size 330. The major instrument used for this study was the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using simple percentages and mean and the hypothesis were tested using multiple regression in Microsoft Excel 2018. The findings of this study revealed there is a significant statistical positive effect of gender equality on organizational performance. It also revealed that there is a significant statistical positive effect of women empowerment on organizational performance and there is a significant statistical positive effect of women safety on organizational performance. Conclusively, gender equality, women empowerment and women safety end all forms of discrimination against women which lead to cohesion of employees and expand economic growth, promote social development and establish more stable and just workplace. It was therefore recommended among others that employers should make policies that will ensure that women receive equal pay with their male counterpart in a particular office or position and empower women political, economically and digitally.
An Empirical Study on the Role of Demographics in Job Satisfaction of Employees of IT Industry in Indore City
Dr. Megha Upadhyay & Professor Robin Neema
Job satisfaction is that the most generally investigated job attitude moreover together of the foremost extensively researched subjects in Industrial/Organizational Psychology. Job satisfaction affects a personality's general well-being for the rationale that individuals spend an honest a part of the day at work. Consequently, if an individual is dissatisfied with their work, this might result in dissatisfaction in other areas of their life. This study attempts to explore the link exists between demographic factors of employees (age, values and gender) and job satisfaction. Data gathered by means of questionnaires is analyzed by regression test at 5% level of significance. The research results indicate that age, values and gender of employees are significantly related with job satisfaction. The study enables the manager to know the duty satisfaction level of their employees in line with the demographic profile of their area and take effective actions to extend satisfaction level and thus productivity.
Climate Finance: Is It Possible to Reach Net-Zero Emissions by 2050? &Tracking financial sources to tackle climate change.
Mohammad Rafi Rahimi and Arika. Prabhakar
Climate change is one of the crucial global issues that refers to long-termchanges in temperature and weather patterns which is so critical for human beings’ lives.The inaction costs are huge as we continuouslyreleaseclimate pollutants into the atmosphere, and there are no immediate actions, it became more challenging to reduce them so it will take more effort and cost to struggle against climate change.Politicians, scientists, social activists, and advocacy groups tackling the impact and cost of climate change to reduce tonet zero carbon emissions, till now there are many conferences held such as Copenhagen 2009 and Paris Climate summit 2015 that industrialized countries committed billions of dollars to address the issue.The main purpose is to mitigate (shift away from fossil fuels to clean and renewable energy) andadapt (Funding for building the hurricane shelter or sea wall to manage the droughts and floods). To tackle climate change there’sa need fora huge amount of money, whichevery country can’t afford, where climate finance comes into play. Climate finance is a financial source to tackle climate change systematically and effectively. The main purpose is to raise money from industrialized economies such as the U.S.A, England, Germany, and Japan to support developing countries ingettingprecautions against the harmful impact of climate change and investing in economic-friendly technologies & resources.
Attitude and Adoption of Filipino Senior Citizens Toward Online Shopping
Princess Diana V. Reyes1, Maria Adrielle S. Estigoy2, Chrysl Avegail N. Vallejo3 , Danilo S. Vargas4
This study generally aims to determine the adaptation rate of Filipino Senior Citizens toward online shopping platforms.The researcher conducted a quantitative research technique. Purposive sampling was also used in this study in choosing respondents. In this study, the researcher used a survey questionnaire via google forms in collecting the data from the respondents.The questionnaire served as the instrument for collecting data.Wherein, the data collected were analyzed by the researcher through descriptive statistics. The results revealed that all of the respondents or one-hundred percent of them are Senior Citizens from Science City of Munoz Nueva Ecija and Online Shoppers. The majority of the respondents are 60-65 years old. More than half of them are Female. In terms of sources of income,40% are Pensioners. Their monthly salary ranges from 10-15 thousand a month. More than half of the respondent’s answer agree that they love doing online shopping. Most of the respondent's answered“Disagree” that the online shopping process is complicated for them. Almost ninety percent of the respondents answered“Agree” that the online shopping process makes them flexible to interact with others. Almost a hundred percent of the respondent’s answers Agree that the website/application is easy to use. More than half of the respondents answer that the online shopping process is easy to understand. A hundred percent of the respondents answered Agree that it would be easy for them to use online shopping rather than going toa physical store. All of the respondents answered“Disagree” that online shopping is not for them. 100% of the respondent’s answers Agree that online shopping helps me to explore more about the new setup of online shopping. 70% of the respondent's answered Disagree that buying online is more difficult for them. 90% of the respondents answer that the website/application that they are using mostly makes them adopt more what online shopping today. 100% of the respondent’s answers Agree that online shopping makes them aware of Digital shopping today. 90% of the respondent’s answers agree that using online shopping makes their life improve. All of the respondent’s answers agree that they find it more convenient to shop for their needs at their trusted online shopping store. Positively, all of the respondents’ answers agree that they are much more aware to use their trusted online application/ website in doing online shopping.
Perceived Factors and Consequences of Employee Job Satisfaction in Star Rated Hotels at Bahir Dar City, Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia
Sileshi Goshu1 Shibabaw Muche2
This study examined factors affecting job satisfaction and also assessed its consequences in the selected star-rated hotels in Bahirdar City, Ethiopia. A descriptive and an explanatory design were used to conduct the study. 145 employees participated in the study. A stratified and simple random sampling method was used to select the required sample from the six star-rated hotels. Using SPSS, percentages, frequencies, one-sample t-tests, independent sample t-tests, and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the data. The study disclosed that the current level of employee job satisfaction in the selected hotels was found to be low. Manager and supervisor-related factors, compensation and reward mechanisms, and working conditions significantly predicted employee job satisfaction. Thus, to mitigate the problem, strategies such as incentive packages, scientific evaluation mechanisms, growth and development opportunities, and regular and open discussion with employees should be organized.
Determinants of self employment in Gondar city, Amhara regional state
Sisaynew Wubante Asirdew and Zerihun Nibretu Tessema
During the last three decades,researchers, scholars, and policy makers have given priority attention to Self-employment. The most reason for this concern was the growing intention for entrepreneurs who accelerate economic development through raising new ideas and converting them into profitable ventures. However, there is no that much well-known understanding about what factors affect self-employment of individuals,especially in urban Ethiopia. So, detailed understanding regarding the factors which determine self-employmentis one essential research area. Therefore, this study aims to examine the demographic, back ground, personality, and economic factors which determine self-employment in urban Ethiopia in the case of Gondar city. The researcher usedstructured Questionnaire to collect data from a total of 398 randomly selected respondents(148self-employed and 250wage/salary employees) within the study area.In assessing the determinants of self-employment,a logistic regressionmodel which has a binary outcome was applicable.To come up with the results,the study found that 80.15% of the respondents have a good attitude toward self-employment while 19.85% of them are not well-intentioned. In the case of econometrics analysis, marital status, family business background, inheritance, hardworking and stress tolerance, and credit access are identified as positive and significant determinants of self-employment in the study area. Whereas sex, education level, and religion of the respondents affected self-employment negatively and significantly. Therefore, the researcher recommended that Government and government bodies should be placed effective governance mechanisms for self-employed, in particular training that addresses specific skills shortages as well as the expansion of opportunities like credit access, working place and marketing assistance and should launch sufficient numbers of micro finance institutions which can avail financial resources and improved loan advancing services for individuals who attempt to establish their own business and improving the conservative lending practice of the banks would be essential to improve the credit access of individuals.
Socioeconomic determinants of health outcomes in sub Saharan Africa panel data analysis
Sisaynew Wubante Asirdew
Background: Poor health outcomes (low life expectancy and high mortality) in developing countries have always been a concern for both citizens and policy makers. Although many studies have focused on the economic drivers of health outcomes in developing countries,this is not thecase for important socioeconomic determinants. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of gross domestic product, general government health expenditure, political stability, and percentage of urban population, unemployment rate, and corruption control on health outcomes in sub-Sahara African (SSA) region. Methods : To achieve this, the study used panel data analysis by employing Fixed effect, ,Random Effects, panel corrected standard error as well as dynamic panel model covering 38 countries in the region from 2000 to 2017 . Results: The findings reveal that population health outcomes - as measured by infant and maternal mortalities rates are related negatively with gross domestic product, political stability, percentage of urban population, and corruption control, but directly associated with unemployment rate. For life expectancy at birth, gross domestic product, political stability, percentage of urban population, and corruption are positively predicted, while related inversely with higher unemployment rate. Conclusions: The findings therefore suggest that for SSA countries to achieve better health outcomes (high longevity and low mortalities) should emphasis on increasing gross domestic product, and investing on political stability and corruption control .Again, greater attention should be on enhancing urbanization and reducing unemployment.
Teacher education reforms and issues in Nigeria
Edionwe, Nosakhare Ph.D & Dr. Mrs. R. C. Onyemeluwe
The topic of teacher education has gained attention around the world in general and in Nigeria in particular. The concept, basis, and historical context of teacher education, together with the Sustainable Development Goals and teacher education, issues in teacher education, and potential improvements in teacher education are all examined in this paper with particular focus on the situation in Nigeria.This study employed an exploratory methodology and relied on secondary data gathering techniques, including data extraction from conference papers, public records, textbooks, journals, magazines, and other sources. The study's conclusion is that, in order to fulfill the high ideals and aspirations of our dreams, teacher education in Nigeria needs to be rebranded. This requires the urgent participation of all stakeholders in the country's education sector.
Administrative and financial reforms in Nigeria: the Panacea for efficient service delivery
Sokoh, Gbosien Chris
The study examines the Nigerian government's administrative and financial reforms. The goal is to examine the impact of various Programs and policies implemented in Nigeria, as well as the influence of these reforms on the country's public sector. This is critical in light of the evident professional shift among government and personnel on the one hand and among professionals on the other. In doing the research, this publication used an exploratory approach. The study's findings show that there is a lot of literature on public sector reorganization, but there isn't much on administrative and financial reform Programs in the public sector. As a result, the study suggests that reform Program is critical to guaranteeing efficient service delivery in the Nigerian public sector and national growth. The study suggests that government Programs and policies be reviewed on a regular basis to ensure alignment with national goals, mobilization of necessary resources for Program execution and implementation, and coordination among all levels of government and professionals
Economic implications and ripple effects of Russia-Ukraine war on developed and developing counties
Urhibo, Bridget Onajite & Chima, Stanley Obinna
Global financial sanctions on Russia and the confiscation of the assets and properties of President Putin's oligarch pals are widely believed to have the effect of crippling the Russian economy and deterring further attacks on Ukraine. The effects of this battle affect the world economy. Therefore, this study's objective is to investigate how the war between Russia and Ukraine has affected both developed and developing nations economically. The Social Contract and Interest Group Theories are used in this study to shed light on the causes of this dispute. Evidence from the examined literature suggested that, although the war's aftereffects have had a deadly effect on Russia's economy, the global economy, particularly the West African region, has started to suffer the effects of the war. Just a few days into this war, oil, natural gas, and food prices have sharply increased, causing inflation to steadily rise. This has a negative impact on household consumption, increases uncertainty; volatile stock swings, disrupts supply chains, drives up utility costs, discourages investment due to political risks, and hinders economic growth. Therefore, if Russia chose to respond by limiting its sale of essential global goods like oil, natural gas, wheat, neon, titanium, and ammonium nitrate, of which Russia is a big export leader, it is imperative for policymakers throughout the world to explore alternate means of survival.
Administrative accountability and public service delivery in Delta state ministry of finance, Asaba, Nigeria
Onofere P. Okereka & Ugo C. Okolie ,Ndubuisi J. Memeh
Main Objectives: This study examined the influence of administrative accountability on public service delivery in Delta State Ministry of Finance, Asaba, Nigeria. Background Problems: Because of Nigeria's inadequate accountability culture and the prevalence of corruption, lack of accountability in public sector management has become a pressing issue and the majority of top administrators and ministers in the state government ministries are unaware of the impact administrative accountability has on public service delivery. This study therefore fills a knowledge gap by investigating the influence of administrative accountability on public service delivery in Delta State Ministry of Finance, Asaba, Nigeria. Novelty:Effective, efficient, patriotic, and dedicated public officials who must be held accountable for their stewardship are required for Nigeria to progress and improve public service delivery.Research Methods: A survey research design was used in this study. This study's population included 105 management and non-management employeesof Delta State Ministry of Finance. Questionnaire was distributed to the staff of the Delta State Ministry of Finance using a non-probability sampling technique. Data collected was analyzed using linear regression with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0. Finding/Results:Administrative accountability, according to the findings, had a positive and significant influence on public service delivery. Conclusion:Strengthening administrative accountability and public service delivery is a critical prerequisite for preventing power abuse and ensuring that power is channeled toward the achievement of efficiency, effectiveness, and openness in government. Improving public accountability and performance aimed to improve service delivery. Concrete recommendations for improving administrative accountability and public service delivery in Nigeria were made by this study.
The impact of monetary policy on Nigerias economic growth
Dr. Titus Olufemi Awogbemi
This study investigates the impact of monetary policy on Nigeria’s economic growth. In the empirical analysis, three monetary policy variables are used: broad money supply, liquidity ratio, and cash reserve ratio. Using annual data from 2000 to 2022, as well as descriptive statistics and the Ordinary Least Squares method to estimate the specified mode, the results show that monetary policy instruments have a pervasive effect on economic growth, with some effects being positive and others being negative. The liquidity ratio has a negative impact on the Nigerian economy, while the cash reserve ratio has a negligible impact. Only the monetary supply variable has a positive and significant impact on Nigerian economic growth over time. The study's main conclusion is that monetary policy in Nigeria responds arbitrarily to economic growth. The study recommends, among other things, that appropriate monetary policies be implemented in order to foster a favorable investment environment conducive to the emergence of market-based interest rate and exchange rate regimes that will attract both domestic and foreign investments, create jobs, promote non-oil exports, and revitalize industries that are currently operating far below installed capacity.
Covid-19 pandemic and recovery policy measures in Latin America and the Caribbean
Abraham E. Orhero & Gbosien C. Sokoh
This study investigates Covid-19 as well as recovery strategies in the Caribbean and Latin America. COVID-19 arrived in Latin American, Caribbean and many other countries in March, 2020 allowing for some emergency preparedness in countries with underdeveloped health systems and socioeconomic disparities. Despite the inadequate tracing and tracking, the countries quickly adopted the COVID-19's stringent standards and gradually increased the capacity of their health-care systems. The study described in this paper was exploratory in nature. COVID-19 has been linked to a number of cases and deaths in Caribbean and Latin American countries.The analysis of more deaths also reveals that the impact on deaths is far greater than the official numbers provided for some countries to date. National and international health policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have prioritized health system readiness and resilience in order to provide equitable access to healthcare and treatment. The study concludes that these countries' pre-pandemic conditions (high informal employment and social inequalities) have undermined the effectiveness of their pandemic responses, despite strict containment and mitigation measures and the expansion of health-care capacity. The study recommends among other things that Latin America and Caribbean should continue to work toward universal access to high-quality services, improve governance and cross-national coordination of epidemic responses, and expand public health capabilities such as surveillance and health information infrastructure.
Covid-19 pandemic misinformation and disinformation on social media: a study of Abraka metropolis
Ojobo Ogheneruemu Lucky Ivwighren, Hannah Emuobosa Okpako Abugor Ejaita
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease has birthed a lot of fictitious stories. With the unexpected outbreak of the pandemic in 2019, there followed a tsunami of misinformation and disinformation all over the world including Nigeria. This study is anchored on the hypodermic needle theory and the agenda-setting theory to act as the stimulus in response to misinformation and disinformation that is detrimental to the management of the dreadful pandemic. Focus group interview was conducted that elicited responses from 120 teaching and non-teaching staff of six primary and secondary schools in Abraka and environs. Data analyzed indicates that many believed in the misinformation and disinformation about COVID-19.Findings affirmed that generally, misinformation and disinformation can influence negatively. One of the recommendations of this study encourages the general public to watch against misinformation and disinformation by checking the credibility of any information received to guard against the misleading citizens about issues of health. The public health authorities such as the NCDC, WHO, UN, cooperate bodies, NGOs, should be relentless in initiating proper measures against disastrous information at all times especially during a pandemic.
Demographic variables as predictors of distress tolerance among clinically depressed patients
Oluwakemi A. Akintoyese
For depression, distress tolerance has received relatively less attention than other factors. However, elevated negative affect is a defining feature of depression, so the capacity to endure negative or unpleasant emotional states is likely a relevant factor. The study therefore investigated the demographic variables as predictors distress tolerance among clinically depressed patients. The study was a cross-sectional survey design. A total number of two hundred and thirty (230) clinically depressed patients attending Federal Neuro-psychiatric Hospital Yaba, Lagos were purposively sampled. The results from the study revealed that The study therefore recommends the establishing of therapeutic programmes to enhance the emotional regulation of depressed individuals in order to lessen their level of depression and to improve their functionality socio-demographic variables (age, religion, sex, marital status, socio-economic status and educational qualification) jointly predicted emotional functioning of clinically depressed patient in terms of distress tolerance (R2 = 0.12, F (3,226). age (β= -.17; t = -2.35, p< 0.01), religion (β= -.19; t = -2.88, p< 0.01), and educational qualification (β= .15; t = 2.33, p< 0.01) were significant independent predictors of distress tolerance. Also, age (β= -.22; t = -3.35, p< 0.01), sex (β= -.14; t = -2.07, p< 0.01) were significantly predicted tolerance. In addition, age (β= -.18; t = -2.51, p< 0.01), religion (β= -.15; t = -2.36, p< 0.01), marital status (β= -.16; t = -2.18, p< 0.01), educational qualification (β= .14; t = 2.22, p< 0.01) significantly predicted appraisal among clinically depressed patients. Also, religion (β= -.21; t = -3.08, p<0.01), is the only independent significant predictor of absorption. Moreso, age (β= -.20; t = -2.92, p< 0.01), marital status (β= -.24; t = -3.47, p< 0.01) educational qualification (β= .22; t = 3.55, p< 0.01) were significant independent prediction of positive regulation among clinically depressed patients. Based on the results of the findings, the study therefore concluded that some demo-graphic variables significantly predicted psychological wellbeing. It is therefore recommending that Patients with depression should first be assessed for emotional functioning and appropriate recommendation should be made before medication especially for patients who are within the mild - moderate classification on the depression scale.
Challenges of Implementing Transformational leadership style in the Private Higher Education Institutions of Ethiopia
Sintayehu Zeleke, Sapna Chauhan
Leadership practices of the manager have a great relation with the performance and satisfaction of workers. The objective of the study was to assess challenges of implementing transformational leadership style in Ethiopian private Higher Education Institutions. Descriptive survey was used as research design. A total of 281 respondents were considered by using stratified sampling techniques for this study. To collect relevant and reliable data from the selected sample respondents, both open and closed ended questionnaires were prepared and administered. Mean and standard deviation was used for the purpose of data analysis. The finding of the study shows that there are so many challenges that affect the implementation of transformational leadership in the Private Higher Education Institutions of Ethiopia. Some of the challenges are management related and others are employee related. Some other are related to institutional culture and the like. Specifically the following are some of the challenges that hinder the implementation of transformational leadership: unqualified staffs in management positions, lack of motivation and commitment from the side of management body to support the implementation of transformational leadership style and unwillingness to try new things and taking risk, problems related to employee motivation and self esteem, problem of staff morale and lack of commitment, lack of training from institutions, excessive workload, lack of effective and transparent communication, lack of staff motivation mechanisms, lack of facilities, lack of budget, lack of community and stakeholder’s involvement, student’s disciplinary problems and political pressures on the institutions.The researcher recommended that leaders in Private Higher Education Institutions need to be a role model for the qualities that they want to see in their team members. Transformational leaders are not only focused on getting the tasks done but they also show a genuine enthusiasm and passion for their work.
Association between emotion regulation and depression among clinically depressed patients in Federal Neuro Psychiatric Hospital Yaba Lagos Nigeria
Oluwakemi A. Akintoyese1, Gbadebo Adejumo1, Sussan O. Adeusi1& Gboyega E. Abikoye1,2
Difficulties with emotion regulation may be a component that makes depressed individuals susceptible to future relapses. The study therefore investigated the association between emotion regulation and depression among clinically depressed patients. The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design method and adopted an ex-post facto design. A total number of two hundred and thirty (230) clinically depressed patients attending Federal Neuro-psychiatric Hospital Yaba, Lagos were purposively sampled. The results from the study showed 24.3% prevalence rate of depression and 97.8 prevalence rate of emotion regulation. The result further showed that there was significant inverse relationship between Acceptance, (r = -.76, p<.01) Focus thought rumination (r = -.27, p<.01), Positive refocusing (r = -.55, p<.01), Refocus planning (r = -.46, p<.01), Positive reappraisal (r = -.71, p<.01), Putting into perspectives (r = -.28, p<.01), Catastrophizing (r = -.70, p<.01), Emotion regulation (r = -.78, p<.01) and depression, Self-blame (r = .82, p<.01), Blaming others (r = -.65, p<.01) had significant positive relationship with depression. self-blame, acceptance, focus thought rumination, positive refocusing, refocus planning, positive reappraisal putting into perspectives, catastrophizing, blaming others jointly predicted depression level (R2 = 0.81, F (10,219) = 95.72, p<.01). The result further revealed that self-blame (β = .89, t=6.18 p<.05), acceptance (β = -.41, t=-2.87 p<.05), focus thought rumination (β = -.59, t=-3.42 p<.05), positive refocusing (β = -.37, t=-3.83 p<.05), refocus planning (β = -.62, t=-4.33 p<.05), positive reappraisal (β = -.89, t=-4.61 p<.05), putting into perspective (β = .21, t=2.02 p<.05), blaming others (β = .89, t=6.18 p<.05) and emotion regulation (β = 2.69, t=3.07; p<.05) were significant independent predictors of level of depression among clinically depressed patients. While catastrophizing (β = -.16, t=-1.28, p>.05) have no significant independent prediction on depressive level of the clinically depressed patients. The study therefore recommends the establishing of therapeutic programmes to enhance the emotional regulation of depressed individuals in order to lessen their level of depression and to improve their functionality
Bayesian Multilevel Analysis of Youth Unemployment in Ethiopia
Tesfaye Denano1*, Eyasu Anjulo1, Netsanet asfaw1, and Sintayehu Sibera1
Youth unemployment is currently a critical macroeconomic problem in Ethiopia. The main objective of this study was to examine the extent of the variation in youth unemployment status within and between woredas and youths by using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression analysis. A sample of 379 youth is randomly selected from the Wolaita zone by stratified sampling techniques. Alcohol abuse, educational level, family size, parents' follow-up, job searching habits, access to credit, youth training, availability of jobs in the area, parents' employment status and urban migration are found to be significantly affecting the unemployment status of the youth. The effects of youth level variables: Alcohol abuse, educational level, family size, parents follow up, job searching habits, and parent's employment status are significantly varying from woreda to woreda. The result indicates that a large proportion of unemployment status variation is accounted for within between woredas. The government or concerned bodies should take necessary measures to eliminate young unemployment by expanding the Small Enterprises training program and assisting them with job placement, land, financing, and training for those who are jobless. To reduce rural-urban youth mobility, it is preferable to enhance rural livelihoods by using modern agricultural technologies.
An observational study to determine the impact of discordant drinking pattern of alcohol dependence in male on marital satisfaction and their spouse marital satisfaction
Vidhya A, Sivaraman S*, Ronald Roy K
Problem:A stronger foundation for a happy marriage can be found in a couple who share similar values, beliefs and ways of behaving. This study aims to determine the discordant drinking pattern’s impact on marital satisfaction of patients and their spouse.Methodology:This is a type of cross-sectional study on 100 participants (50 husbands and 50 wives) from psychiatric OPD treatment seeking patients. Nonprobability sampling (convenient sampling) was used. Married alcohol dependence patients and their spouse, patient age between 21 to 50 years, educated till 8th standard and above, alcohol dependence for 1year and years of marriage at least to be 2 years were included. Psychoactive substance uses disorders other than alcohol dependence and nicotine dependence, diagnosed primary psychiatric disorders, patients with intellectual disability, factors other than substance use were excluded.Determination of alcohol dependence was done using ICD 10 Criteria. Determination of marital satisfaction was done using marital adjustment test. Findings:Mean marital satisfaction scores of the study participants were 114.36±3.50 and spouse satisfaction scores were about 90.92±8.82. The correlation between marital satisfaction scores and spouse marital satisfaction scores are about 0.10, p=0.49. This study found that spouses had statistically significantly lower marital satisfaction scores (90.92±8.82) compared to study subjects (114.36±3.50), t(98)=17.46, p=<0.001.Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction. Among study subjects almost all were having higher marital satisfaction scores which above 100. Among their spouses only 10% (n=5) had highermarital satisfaction scores and remaining 90% (n=45) had lower marital satisfaction scores inferring distress. Conclusion:Discordant drinking patterns and alcohol dependence are associated with lower levels of marital satisfaction for partners.
Teachers' Productivity and Teaching Styles
1Rhodora I. Dela Rosa 2 Danilo S. Vargas
Issues:The quality of pre-service training greatly depends upon the teachers who are properly prepared to undertake the various important roles and functions of the teaching profession. Indeed, the higher education system recognizes the two most essential factors of the teacher education enterprise – the teacher and the learner. Methods: Generally, this study aimed to analyze the attributes of teachers handling the College of Education degree courses (Bachelor in Elementary Education and Bachelor in Secondary Education). This study analyzed the teachers’ productivity and teaching styles. There were 85 teacher – respondents who participated in the study. The Office of Admission, CLSU - Testing and Evaluation Center served as major data sources. The survey questionnaire was used to gather data on teachers' attributes. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were the statistical tools used in the study. Findings: Results revealed that the teacher–respondents' sex distribution was almost equal. Most of them were Assistant Professors and higher with 19.40 years as the mean length of teaching experience. The majority were members of professional organizations, however, they were found to have low-level research involvement and book development. The integrated method is the most used teaching procedure with "expert" as the prevailing teaching style. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference between the teaching styles of the various teachers who handled the general education, professionaleducation,andspecializationcourses.Conclusions:Theteachershandlingthegeneraleducation,professionaleducation,andspecializationcoursesof the College of Education have almost the same numbers of males and females, mostly Assistant Professors and higher, and have been teaching for ten years or more They have been involved in professional organizations however found with a low level of research involvement and book development. They were more engaged with instructional materials development. They frequently used integrated methods with "experts" as the prevailing teaching style. No significant differencebetweentheteachingstyles ofthevariousteacherswhohandledthegeneraleducation, professional education, and specializationcourses.
Difference-in-Difference Approach in Estimating the OOPE for Non-pandemic Diseases During Pandemic Period
Dr A Sugirtha Rani 1*Dr V Vaithinathan2
Issues:As per World Health Organisation (WHO) research, household OOP spends on health services, particularly medications continue to force over 55 million Indians into poverty, with over 18% of households facing catastrophic levels of health expenditures annually. The WHO has also recognized the issue and urged government to guarantee the basic healthcare services were available during pandemic. Despite global guidance to maintain essential non-COVID health services, the number of people receiving healthcare for a variety of reasons, including maternal and neonatal care, child illnesses, communicable diseases, NCDs and injuries and emergencies requiring critical care has decreased. Hence during the time of pandemic there was disturbance for accessing and utilizing the healthcare activities for the people those who have been suffering from chronic diseases. This may cause to decrease in healthcare expenditure of the individual health seekers. Methods: The study looked on the healthcare utilization pattern and study participants who had atleast one chronic illness. As a result, the overall sample size interms of healthcare consumption was 2169 (1813 – non-pandemic chronic diseases and 356 – non-pandemic acute diseases) by using mailing (online data collection) on system of medicine, kind of hospital, type of services, type of government hospital, medical insurances available were also investigated during January to May 2022. The research participants OOPE for chronic and acute morbidity in 30 days before to data collection were gathered. To study the above said issues simple statistical and econometric tools have applied along with regression analysis inorder to study the determinants of OOPE for chronic diseases. The percentage distribution, mean standard deviation, multivariate test and DiDwere calculated and presented. Findings: Amongsample responses, males account for the biggest age, followed by females all of whom are affected by chronic and acute or non-pandemic disorders. Among the 1001 (69.7%) patients who use private healthcare services, while the remaining 31.3% individuals who use medical college hospital services and community healthcare centres (CHC).It may be concluded that patients suffered from different diseases was significantly dependent on which different time period (p<0.005). There was a statistically significant difference in healthcare expenditure during and pre-covid. From this table the pre-covid has a statistically significant effect on healthcare expenditure where F is 13.184. In this case, it is accepted statistically significance at p<0.025.the model with covariates the difference in the co-efficient associated with control and treated groups is 0.615 for the pre-covid period, where for the post-covid, the difference without covariation, difference had decreased during pre-covid to post-covid (0.417 to 0.313). Hence the difference-in-difference co-efficient between periods is also negative (-0.104 & -0.157) and statistically significant for both models such as with and without covariates. Conclusion: Despite the fact that the study revealed a significant association between OOP expenses and various economic situations associated with pandemics. These findings might be a useful source of information for respondents' disease-specific out-of-pocket expenses. As a result, governmental initiatives should focus on low-income households to alleviate economic constraints during illness. As a result, a pro-poor policy initiative, as well as an urban health protection programme, may be necessary to assure healthcare service accessibility and affordability in compliance with various national level healthcare laws.
A Comparative Analysis of Teachers and Students Views on the Benefits and Challenges of Using Mother Tongue as a Medium of Instruction at Primary Schools of Ethiopia
Teshome Gudissa Degu, Ph.D.
The language of instruction plays a crucial role in the educational development of students and is vital for the realization of effective communication and understanding between teachers and students. The purpose of this study was to understand teachers' and students' views about the benefits and challenges of learning through the mother tongue at primaryschools in Ethiopia. The study was guided bycomparative analysis methods supported by a quantitative research approach.105 teachers and 80 students were taken for the study using simple random sampling techniques.A questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Accordingly, mean, standard deviation, and t-test were used to analyzethe data. The findingshave revealed that when students learn using their mother tongue, they do better in exams, develop confidence, make active participation, learn concepts easily, understand and develop practical skills easily, better understand experiments and experimental procedures, and learn technical words, especially in science subjects. The study has identified the challenges that hinder the usage of mother tongue as a medium of instruction at primary schools:lack of sufficient textbooks, negative attitude towards mother tongue among practitioners, lack of training for teachers on how to use mother tongue as a medium of instruction, and teachers'English /other second language preferences to mother tongue.Thus, the researcher recommends that teachers and educators need to examine their practices and develop ways to authentically engage and legitimize the use of the mother tongue for teaching in primary schools in Ethiopia.
The Differences of Gender in the way of Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication in Social Relationships
Maria. Jeany Gonzales1 Danilo S. Vargas2
The research is centered on gender differences in their way of verbal and non-verbal communication in social relationships. A descriptive research method has been used in obtaining information about the study. The respondent consists of 10 women, 10 men, 10 gays, and 10 lesbians, an equal proportion was taken to have accurate data.The method used in gathering data is the use of a questionnaire. The majority of the respondents are from 15 to 20 years old. They are not the reserved type because they said that they prefer to share their problems with friends rather than those who said that they will keep it to themselves because they are the shy type. Gays are more expressive compared to the other types of gender because they are willing to share their problems with their friends compared to males and females and lesbians. The respondents see themselves as unique people and said that they have their own identities. Gays believes that they are a unique person while women are. Both gays and women are friendlier and easier to approach. The majority of the respondents will approach anyone in the crowd for them to have somebody to talk with and serve as a company. The common” hi, hello” was the words used in approaching a stranger no matter what gender they belong to. Love life and love is the favorite topic that our respondents want to talk about, since my respondents are teenagers, this will be the favorite topic that corresponds to the total respondents. The majority of the lesbian group prefers a topic about their love life, while gays love to talk about boys, men talk about their favorite sports, and women about their crushes. Beautiful and handsome physically is the basis of the respondents of what is beautiful and handsome. Most of the respondents do not consider the brand of their clothing, bags, and shoes, as long as it is in fashion, no matter what the brand does not matter, and they consider the price as their main factor in buying their stuff. The respondents believe that they are handsome, with a pleasing personality, and are hot.
Effects of the Usage of Microsoft Teams in Reading Fluency of Grade 4- Pupils
Maricel C. Octavo1, Danilo S. Varas2
The main purpose of this research is to validate the effect of the usage of MS Teams in the Reading Fluency ofGrade Four learners atSinipitBubon Elementary School, Division of San Jose City in the4th quarter. The dominant findings of the study are as follows: The English experts including master teachers agreed that the usage of the reading tool is highly acceptable in terms of objectives, content, and usefulness. The experts agree that the reading tool’s content is excellent. Its mean rating was 4.60, highly acceptable. For the objectives of the reading tool, a mean rating of 4.72 was also obtained, therefore making it highly acceptable as well in terms of this area. Both the component on content and usefulness received a mean rating of 4.70, interpreted as excellent which implies that the material is highly acceptable in these criteria. All in all, the entirety validation of the reading tool has a composite mean of 4.67 which is interpreted as excellent. This implies that it is highly acceptable.Furthermore, the mean of the experimental group during the pre-test is 85.30 and that of the post-test is 93.33. Using the t-test, it was found that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group in the pre-test and the post-test. Moreover, there is a significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group in the pre-test and the post-test which is 8.030 which shows that the use of the MS Teams is effective.
Teachers' Competency Needs Assessment
Janice Ria G. Taruc1 and Danilo S. Vargas2
The study was conducted to assess the competency level of public-school teachers in Sto. Domingo Nueva Ecija,Philippines. The population samples were selected using a purposive sampling design from the selected elementary schools. The aggregate teacher population was used as a basis for determining the sample population by getting 59 percent of the total teacher population. A total of 115 teachers from the elementary school served as respondents. Data collection was done using a descriptive survey method using a questionnaire. The instrument administered were the sources of the profile of the respondents, competency level, and preferences in delivery method. The data collected were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation.Majority or 87% of the respondents are female and only 13% are male. The average years of the respondents were 38.34 years. The average number of years in service was 12.74. The majority of the respondents based on their teaching experience were considered new in service. About the highest degree earned by the majority of the respondents, out of 115 respondents, 82 or 71.3 % have their bachelor’s degree only without units in the master's degree. Filipino was the area of concentration of the respondents ranked number one. Its percentage was 22.6. Grade II, as the teaching assignment of the respondents, ranked number one. A greater part of the respondents was teaching all the subjects. More than fifty percent of the respondents were Teacher 1. The competency level that was perceived to be needed by the teachers following the overall mean of each categorized competencywasthedevelopment of an appropriate school program, knowledge of school programming, use of effective communication, and technical skills. The needs for technical skills were given the lowest mean which was The same was true with the development of appropriate school programs, use of effective communication, and knowledge of school programming. Needless to say, these competencies are those that teachers have to strengthen. The competency development method that the respondents mostly preferred were a demonstration of lessons in classrooms.
Every tide has its ebb: A theoretical framework for SMEs survival amidst crisis
Ehab Aktham Kassab1*, Norshahrizan Nordin2, Mohammad Harith Amlus3And Badlishah Ahmad4
Small and medium-sized (SMEs) enterprises play a vital role in developed and developing economies. SMEs have often been acknowledged as productive and efficient job creators, large-scale seed companies, and national economic engines. However, With the current commercial and social landscape changes, SMEs can no longer solely on the traditional business practice that focuses on profit in a highly competitive marketplace. Profit is not the only factor contributing to a company’s survival and success in today’s world. Therefore, firms need to execute a value-creating strategy and strive to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. So, the theoretical framework for this study is built upon the Resource-Based View theory (RBV), which consists of total quality management (TQM) and SME performance. Despite TQM’s importance, research linking these concepts to SMEs’ performance is limited. Through extensive literature review, this study has found a theoretical link between TQM and SME performance and also developed a conceptual model for empirical validation. Nevertheless, this study also explains the role that innovation practices (IP) play as a mediator in this relationship, which most studies have neglected. In similar terms of such thinking, it is proposed that government support (GS) may also strengthen the relationship between IP and SME performance. Hence, the government is the main source of support for technology, innovation, and financial support. Thus, the conceptual model also examines the moderation role of the GS in the relationship between IP and SMEs performance.
Impact of Covid 19 on Household Income and Consumption: A Study of Somali Regional State, Ethiopia
Dr. Perways Alam
The COVID-19 pandemic has a huge shock for virtually all sectors of the Ethiopian economy barring high-end services that could switch to online working mode. As contact-intensive sectors were forced to cut back operations, their employees and vendors suffered a loss of income. Against that backdrop, this study looks at the impact of the pandemic on the income, saving and consumption patterns of households within the Somali Regional state of Ethiopia. Its major finding is that while the overall household income has decreased, average consumption has actually also declined. Both income and consumption also has affected on the savings and savings also declined in the post pandemic period. There is apossibility that it rise in borrowing which could have contrary economic effects among households in the near future.
The effect of cash conversion cycle on profitability of manufacturing firms in Hawassa city, Ethiopia
Ayneshet Agegnew Alemu 1 and Dr.Tripti Gujral2
Cash conversion cycle is one of the foremostbroadlyutilized measures to survey and degree the risks and returns related to liquidity administration. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of cash conversion cycle on profitability of manufacturing firms in Hawassa City Administration. The study was limited to the effect of cash conversion cycle on the profitability of manufacturing firms in Hawassa city administration and also limited to average collection period, average payment period, and average inventory period as measures for cash conversion cycle determinant that affect profitability of firms. The study covered the period of five (5) years (i.e. from 2017-2021). The study adopts descriptive research design with quantitative research approach. The target population of this study was all manufacturing firms in Hawassa City Administration and this study adopted a census method sinceit ensures a high degree of accuracy and complete financial data was obtained from all thelisted manufacturing firms using a census. This study employed the use of secondary source of data. The secondary data was derived from financial statements of the list manufacturing firms in Hawassa city administration. The data collected using the data collection instrument was presented using tables and graphs and analyzed using percentages, means, and standard deviation in line with the objectives of the study. The data was cleaned, coded, and entered in to Microsoft excel 2010 and Eviews 8 for analysis. The study used descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analysis to establish the relationship between the independent variables of cash conversion cycle components and the profitability of firms. The study has immense significance to corporate managers, researchers and students.
Exploring mentors exaggerated and indiscriminate evaluation of mentees in Tabor Primary school
Temesgen Ayalew Alamineh
The main objective of this study was to explore mentors’ exaggerated evaluation of mentees in Tabor Primary school. To this effect, explanatory case study was employed and an in-depth interview, focus group discussion and non-participant observation were used.Data was gathered from five purposively selected teacher participants and one informant. Then the collected data was analyzed and interpreted qualitatively. As it was revealed in the findings, lack of training, inadequate incentive, assigning large number of mentees toone mentor, lack of intimate partnership between colleges and primary schools, existence of loose relationshipbetween college practicum unit and primary schools, lack of specific and clear evaluation criterion, inadequate time allocation for practicum were found to be the major factors contributing to the existence of inflated and indiscriminate marking. It could be concluded that mentoring has not been going in the right track as envisaged. Thus, it could be recommended that concerned stake holders especially, colleges, Woreda education offices and regional education bureau officialsshould work hard to alleviate the above-mentioned problems.
Impacts of rural saving and credit cooperatives on women annual income in the case of Sinana district, Bale zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia
Yeshitila Gabre and Tadele Degefa
Rural saving and credit is one of the most powerful tools that contribute to the income of many rural women through provision of financial and supporting services to the poor. In light of the problems and the research gaps identified, this study was sought to address and generate information on the impact of rural saving and credit cooperatives on women annual income. The study was conducted in Sinana district of Bale zone, Oromiaregional state. A total of 378 sample respondentswere selected through multi-stage sampling techniques. First, Sinana district was purposively selected. Then after, simple random sampling technique was employed to select six villages from Sinana district. Finally, using stratified random sampling technique, sample women were proportionally selected from the selected villages. For data analysis, logistic regression and propensity score matching methods were employed. The result of logit regression model implied that family size, marital status, education status,distance from the center, participation in training, credit use and amount of loan borrowed were the variables that significantly affected the participation of women in rural saving and credit cooperatives. In addition, the result of propensity score matching implied that, on average, the participantwomen have increased amount of annual income by 9263.94birr during the survey year. The estimated average treatment effect showed that membership of women in the cooperative has a significant impact on women annual income. The average annualincome of member women was higher by about 61.14% when compared to non-memberwomen.Therefore, the government in collaboration with the stakeholdersshould give more emphasis in order to increase the membership of women in rural saving and credit cooperative and improve their annual incomein the study area.
Impact of External Debt on Budget Deficit and Inflation in Ethiopia
1Wondimhunegn Atilaw Woldetensaye 2Endashaw Sisay Sirah
Most developing countries suffer from a budget deficit. Detecting the impact of public finance on inflation is the main objective of fiscal policy for both developing and developed nations. Regarding this, the researchers were focused on seeing the long-run and short-run impact of external debt on-budget deficit, and its short-run impact on the inflation rate in Ethiopia from the period of 1974/75 to 2019/2020. An autoregressive distributed lag model and a vector autoregressive model were used to see the long-run, short-run, and causal relationships in this study. The study passed all tests like Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips-test statistic, a diagnostic test of residual for ARDL model, “F” and “t” bound test. The depicted result tells that there is a long-run and short-run negative relationship between budget deficit and external debt. Economic growth also affects budget deficit positively, which is consistent with Keynesians School. The impact of the inflation rate and tax revenue is insignificant in both the long run and short run. In the short run, both external debt and economic growth have a negative relationship, which asserts the Freidman and neo-classical paradigm. The short-run ARDL model verified budget deficit and government expenditure have a positive impact, but tax revenue and external debt have a negative impact on the Ethiopian inflation rate. Depending on the study results, the government should spend on productive economic activity to generate enough revenue and raise economic growth by reducing the inflation rate. Moreover, other interested researchers can improve this study by including other macroeconomic variables, the long-run impact of public finance on the inflation rate, and looking at this study with a longitudinal investigation.
Conscientisation strategies for curbing environmental clash between Pastoral Nomads and Host communities in Enugu state of Nigeria
Nwogu, Godwin Ayodeji, PhD1,Ezeala, Joy Ijeoma, PhD2, Tommy, Korinaki Anny, PhD3 Sijuade, AdenikeFlorence, PhD4
This study examined the conscientisation strategies for curbing environmental clash between pastoral nomads and host communities in Enugu State of Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Sample size was 1,814 respondents selected through multi-stage sampling technique.An instrument with r = 0.77tagged “Questionnaire on Conscientisation Strategies and Environmental Clash” (QCSEC) was used for data collection. Data were analysed based on Mean ( ) and Grand mean ( ). Results show that mediation, dialogue, regular meetings and compromise are conscientisation strategies that can be used for curbing environmental clash between pastoral nomads and host communities in Enugu State of Nigeria. The study recommends among others that Government should invest inprogrammes that will show the usefulness of the conscientisation strategies in awareness creation in order to curb the problems that threaten the very existence of man and his occupational resource-base in various communities in the study area.
Practices of Marketing strategy and Supply chain management practices of the textile Manufacturing industry in the case of selected Industrial Parks, Ethiopia
Worku Gadisa Sufa *, Zerihun Ayenew Birbirsa**, Tesfaye Eba Mogose ***
This article presents the findings of a qualitative study on the existing practices of the marketing strategy and supply chain management practices of the textile manufacturing industry in the case of selected industrial parks, in Ethiopia. the study employed depth interviews with industrial parks directors, company managers, and customs clearing officers. the study specifically, focused on the marketing strategy and supply chain management practices of textile Manufacturing companies, in selected industrial parks, in Ethiopia. The finding of the study disclosed that the emphasis given to Marketing strategy is very less. Consequently, the market segmentation of the companies was ignoring the domestic Market. according to the study, Among the 4Ps, the companies are using the promotional strategy to a less extent. Furthermore, the study disclosed that the absence of raw materials from the local market and High transport costs are found to be critical challenges in the practices of Supply Chain Management. especially, among the products that are produced in textile manufacturing industries, nylon is the most popular product. But, the finding of the study revealed that, in Ethiopia, there are raw materials that are agreed to produce nylon. According to the interviewees, nylon is produced from the raw material called flaxen and Ethiopia has a very conducive environment for the production of flaxen. On the contrary flaxen is imported from another country at Hight prices. Finally, the study recommends that the company should give more emphasis to marketing strategy. Especially, it is better if the market segmentation strategy of the textile manufacturing companies can consider the domestic market. lastly, the study recommends that Ethiopia should focus on the production of flaxen raw materials to reduce the import cost of raw materials.
Challenges of Value Added Tax Administration: A case of Somali Regional State Revenue Authority, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
Dr. Perways Alam
This study examines challenges of value added tax administration in Somali Regional State, Revenue Authority Jigjiga, Ethiopia. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The population of study comprised of 56 employees of Somali Regional State Revenue Authority, Jigjiga, Ethiopia. Out of 56 employees,54 responded which was 96.43% response rate. The data was analyzed using data analysis tools like tables, percentages, frequencies, weighted mean and standard deviation and results presented based on the study objectives. The techniques used in the study include survey with tax officials. The results of the study reveal that the tax payers in Somali Regional State are not familiar with the Ethiopian VAT Laws and proclamations. Second important finding of the study is that the tax payers not are voluntarily registered in tax administration office. Another important finding is that tax payers are try to avoid VAT. On the basis of the findings, it is recommended that tax authorities in Somali Regional State should start a campaign to bring awareness about the Ethiopian VAT Laws and proclamations among the tax payers. Tax authorities should take necessary steps to encourage voluntarily registration in tax administration office. Tax authorities should make a proper mechanism/system to minimize the VAT avoidance by tax payers.
Histomorphological study of malignancy through upper gastro endoscopic biopsies in a tertiary care hospital -A cross sectional study
Dr.C.S.Sri Sughanya1*,Dr.V.Sarada2
Introduction: Incidence of Upper Gastro-Intestinal tract (UGI) malignancy is in rise in India over the past few decades. With the advent of UGI Endoscopy direct visualization of the UGI tract and biopsy sampling of the pathological area is made possible at an early stage of the disease. AIM: To study the histomorphological spectrum of UGI endoscopic biopsy and the incidence of malignancy in the biopsy samples. Materials and Method:This cross sectional study was conducted in pathology department of Trichy SRM Medical College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil nadu with 115 UGI endoscopic biopsies received between January2020 to December 2021.Demographic details like age,sex,site,presenting complaints were collected from histopathology requisition form. Samples were processed, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. PAS and Giemsa staining were done for requested samples. Data were analyzed using excel sheets.Results: The most common age group affected was 51 years to 60 years with male:female sex ratio 1.34:1. Stomach was the most common biopsy site and abdominal pain was the most common presenting complaint. Malignancy predominate over benign lesions. The most common esophageal lesion was squamous cell carcinoma, in stomach was adenocarcinoma and in duodenum was chronic non-specific duodenitis. Conclusion: Endoscopy is a cost effective tool to visualize the UGI tract. UGI endoscopy and biopsy evaluation have made revolution in early diagnosis and in management of UGI pathology.
Proximal Fibular Osteotomy in medial compartment Osteoarthritis Knee
Chanderpaul G1,2, Samynathan G1*, Jotheesvar KN1, Chongtham Arun Kumar Singh2
Problem:Knee osteoarthrosis is a common chronic, progressive, degenerative disease in older individuals with accompanying joint pain, stiffness and deformity. Although Conservative managements like toe-out gait modification, valgus knee braces, lateral wedge shoe insoles aim to alter abnormal loading patterns when associated with genu varum deformity the results are not promising.The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome, changes in pain intensity, changes in mechanical knee alignment and radiological changes after performing Proxiaml Fibular Osteotomy. Design:The prospective hospital based study titled “Proximal fibular osteotomy in medial compartment osteoarthritis knee” was conducted in tertiary care hospital for the period of 2 years. A total of 15 patients were included in the study and all the relevant information was recorded in a proforma. The patients were followed up at 2nd, 6thand 12thmonths post-operatively. The outcome variables TFA, Joint space ratios, modified Oxford knee and visual analogue scale scores was recorded at each visit. Findings:The mean age of the study subjects was 56.1 years with the range of 50 to 65 years where the gender ratio was 1:1.5, among the male population, 33.3% werewere Drivers by their occupation. Most of the patients affected knee was right side contributing 67% and the mean BMI of our patients was 27.5 ± 3.1 belonging to the overweight category. The mean duration of symptoms in our patients was 5.5 ± 2.2 years with a range from 2 to 8 years. The mean varus angle in our patients was 8 degrees with the range of 5 to 10 degrees. Nearly 60% of our cases had varus deformity between 5 to 10 degrees, 20 % cases had varus deformity less than 5 degree and 20% had varus more than 10 degree. The mean duration of hospital stay was 8 days with the range of 5 to 11 days. Around 53% of the patients were discharged within a week and the remaining 47% were discharged at the second week post-operatively. The mean TFA measured pre-operatively in our study was 182.6±1.67. At follow ups at 2nd,6thand 12thmonths, the mean TFA were 181.1±1.72, 179.8±1.61 and 180.07±1.53 which were statistically significant. We found that the mean medial to lateral joint space ratio preoperatively was 0.17±0.03 which was improved to 0.19±0.03, 0.20±0.04, 0.22±0.04 at follow ups of 2nd,6thand 12thmonths which were statistically significant. The mean pre-operative modified Oxford knee score was 50.5±3.8 and post-operatively improved to 58.0±3.41, 62.4±4.1, 65.7±3.5 at 2nd, 6thand 12thmonths which was statistically significant. The mean visual analogue scale score for pain was 6.8±0.9. Post-operatively at 2nd, 6thand 12th months, the mean VAS were 5.0±0.8, 3.9±0.8 and 3.5±0.7 which were statistically significant. Conclusion: Early functional and radiological results were promising in terms of pain relief, better functional scores, improvement in tibio-femoral angle and mild opening up of medial joint space.
Financial health analysis of market leaders in Indian FMCG sector: a comparative study pre and post-Covid era
Tanaya Das Dr. Sulagna Das
This study depicts the financial health analysis, in terms of liquidity, profitability, solvency, and efficiency of three selected companies, Dabur Ltd, ITC Ltd and GCPL across Indian FMCG sectorbefore covid and after covid. Research in this context has progressed in following ways which can give any stakeholder a little glimpse of this entire research and they would be able to get an idea of financial position of Indian FMCG companies before covid era or after covid era.Problem Statement: FMCG sector in India is one of the important sectors to contribute largely to Indian GDP. But since mid-2018, different reports state the declining condition of the FMCG market in India. This has led to conducting this research to examine whether there are any differences between after covid financial performance or before covid financial performance of these selected companies. Moreover, the level of financial health has been analysed to identify whether these selected companies share same level of financial health position within the industry before covid and after covid or not.Research Design and Methodology: This research has followed secondary method and data has been collected from the published and audited annual reports of those three companies. These annual reports are published on their official webpage and are available to every stakeholder. As methodology, both financial ratio calculation and statistical ANOVA has performed.Findings: After performing both financial and statistical methods, research has proved there are significant differences between before covid and after covid financial performance of these three companies. Also, none of these companies share similar levels of financial health.Conclusion: From the findings, this can be concluded that both demand and situation have changed for Indian FMCG industry after covid as before covid-19 they were not in a significant position within the market. And, each FMCG company across Indian FMCG sector performs individually within the market.
A study on impact of service quality of private hospitals on patient loyalty in Pune city: a Covid 19 perspective
Dr. Megha Upadhyay Prof. Ritu Goel Dr. Laxmidhar Biswal
Hospitals play an important role in pandemic. Lots of challenges are faced by them in the pandemic season, like dramatically increase in no of patients, lack of human power and resources, etc. which affects their service quality. In this research we identify patient’s loyalty and satisfaction towards various dimensionsthat affects service quality. This study is empirical in nature.Regression analysis is carried out to identify the relationship between variables. The results of this study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between them. Service quality is positively related to patient satisfaction, and patient satisfaction is positively related to patient loyalty. Therefore, the improvement in knowledge of human resources and the training of staff should be done to provide better-quality services and enhance patient satisfaction, so as to enhance the loyalty, re-visit and recommendation of patients
A Smart Mask and Temperature Detection System with IoT Capabilities
1. N. Bhavya Sri Saika 2. Dr. G.R.Sakthidharan
There is a global health crisis due to the COVID 19 pandemic. The best way to protect yourself in public and elsewhere is to always wear a face mask. As a result of the COVID 19 epidemic, government officials everywhere were forced to incorporate shutdowns.Survey findings indicate that the danger of transmission is much diminished when a face mask is worn in public.This article details an Internet of Things (IoT)embedded machine learning door system to track visitors' core body temperatures and identify those wearing protective masks. Any building lobby, whether it be a hotel or apartment complex, can benefit from the proposed model.This led to the creation of a trustworthy and reasonably priced approach to using AI and sensors to establish a wholesome setting.The suggested framework is tested with the help of the TensorFlow software library's implementation of the Face Mask Detection algorithm. The subject's temperature is tracked using a sensor that doesn't require physical touch.Using IoT technologies, this suggested system can detect individuals in COVID 19.
Legal Status of Syrian Refugees in the Host Countries
*Basel Abou Rokba **Mohammad Ramin Hakimy
Since 2011, the on-going conflict in Syria has been the source of the displacement of millions of Syrian civilians internally and to neighbouring countries escaping the ongoing hostilities in Syria and human rights violations by some parties involved in the Syrian-Syrian conflict, according to the United Nations which classified the conflict and refugee waves in Syria as one of the worst conflicts and refugee movements in the twenty-first century, due to a large number of victims and refugees who crossed the borders to neighbouring and European countries, especially in 2015.Some countries adhered to their moral and legal principles to protect refugees like Turkey, and some Arab countries, such as Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, and others, hosted refugees due to their geographical location close to the Syrian border. Some European countries also hosted refugees who were able and risked their lives at sea to reach to these countries.This paper comes to explain the international legal system for the protection of refugees. This paper also examined the Syrian crisis, the waves of refugees and their legal status in each of the host countries mentioned previously.
Peace Operations in Northern Ghana: A Comparative Analysis of State-Sponsored Peace Operations in the Dagbon, Konkomba-Nanumba and Nawuri-Gonja Conflicts in the Northern Region of Ghana
Cletus Kwaku Mbowura
It is axiomatic that state-sponsored peace operations are conducted in Ghana aimed at combating conflicts. In the Dagbon intra-ethnic conflict and theNawuri-Gonja and Konkomba-Nanumbainter-ethnic conflicts in present-day Northern Region of Ghana, state-sponsored peace operations were marshalled to either prevent the outbreak of conflicts, de-escalate tensions or combat the conflicts to ensure law and order. Some of the security measures rolled out as part of the peace operations in these conflicts included strategies such as a combined military-police patrols, mounting checkpoints to prevent the inflow of arms, the imposition of state of emergency, increasing security presence in the volatile areas, among others. This paper explores the security arrangements in the peace operations in theDagbon, Konkomba-Nanumba and Nawuri-Gonja conflicts in the Northern Region of Ghana. Blending written and unwritten data together in an orthodox historical tradition, this study argues that the measures were not entirely successful.
Performance and practical skills of Physics students exposed to conventional and virtual Instructions in Osun state secondary schools, Nigeria
Adebisi, Thomas Ajibade (Ph.D.) & Otun, Stephen Ademola
The focus of the study was to examined the performance and practical skills of Physics students in secondary schools when exposed to conventional and virtual instructions with a view to see the effect of virtual instruction in this day of globalisation of Technology for effective learning outcomes. To guide this study two research questions and their corresponding hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The design for the study was non-equivalent pre-test, post-test control group quasi-experimental design.The population for the study comprised all secondary Physics students in Osun State of Nigeria.The sample of the study consisted of 90 senior secondary school Two (SSS II) Physics students in their intact class selected using multi-stage sampling procedures. PhysicsPractical Performance Task (PPPT) and Physics PracticalSkills Task (PPST) were the instruments used for the study. A validated PPPT and PPST with reliability coefficients of 0.70 and 0.81 were used for data collection.Conventional teaching instruction and virtual teaching instruction were the two packages used for treatment of conventional and virtual groups respectively.Mean, standard deviation and t test statistics were used for analysis. The result of findings showed that there were statistical significant difference in the Practical Physics skills and the performance between the two groups. The mean gain value of virtual teaching instruction group is higher than conventional teaching instruction group indicating the better improvement after exposure to virtual instruction.The researchers concluded that that virtual learning improves learning of Physics practical. It was recommended among others that Physics teachers should be enthusiastic to acquire appropriate skills in the use of ICT that can improve and facilitate their teaching promptness for virtual instruction delivery to students.Also the findings of this study should be made available to teachers and Ministry of Education official in schools department so that they will be able to present the information to appropriate quarters of the government.
Exploration of clustering techniques in customer segmentation using machine learning
Tannu Chauhan
The rise of various business competitors has resulted in unprecedented level of competition among competitors for new clients and the retention of existing ones. In recent years, every e -commerce company has placed a greater emphasis on Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in order to deliver better customer service than their competitors. Building good client relationships benefits businesses in terms of profits as well as customer retention and satisfaction. In order to acquire valuable insight, businesses must identify potential customers in the market through mining customer data. The rise in business competition, as well as the availability of vast historical datasets, has driven the extensive use of data mining techniques to find useful and strategic information contained in company databases. Clustering analysis is one of the most efficient ways to identify different client traits. The key to company’s growth is to begin with an analysis of customer needs and utilize customer segmentation as a means to identify and analyze various customer groups within the system. This will give varied marketing strategies and satisfaction to different types of customers. Customer segmentation is the most useful ways for studying consumer behavior and categorization in business analytics. Customer segmentation can assist in the precise analysis of customer demographics as well as the improvement of service and business quality. In this study different clustering techniques have been discussed in order to segment customers and apply various marketing techniques accordingly. The importance of customer segmentation as a basic CRM function, as well as the several approaches for segmenting consumers using clustering algorithms is also discussed in this study.
Evaluation of infrastructural facilities for Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme implementation in Delta state
Otuonuyo, Eseoghene Mirabel ,Ejegreh, Okiemute Roseline ,Osia, Patrick
The purpose of this report was to assess the state of Delta State's infrastructure in light of its potential role in carrying out the Universal Basic Education (UBE) plan. We found solutions to two research problems. Fifteen UBE institutions in Delta State participated in the survey, necessitating a retrospective approach to data collection. The researchers used a simple checklist of required infrastructure (20 items) of the requirements of a Standard UBE School obtained from the Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) to assess the availability and adequacy of infrastructural facilities in the schools that were randomly selected for this study. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the collected data. Eight of the twenty infrastructure facilities on the checklist were found to be unavailable, meaning that the UBE initiative could not be put into effect. Facilities such as these include labs, school buses, sufficient staff rooms, dorms, clinics, bookstores, and computers. Only six of the twenty infrastructural elements on the checklist (sports facilities, water, and toilet/sanitation, refectories, ventilation, and first aid kits) were determined to be sufficient. It was determined that the infrastructure needed to carry out the UBE programme in Delta State was present, but woefully inadequate for students and teachers. All UBE schools must thus have full school infrastructure in accordance with UBE criteria and standards for the program's goals to be realized.
Philosophy, Religion and Ethics on GandhianPerspective
Nandini Mishra
Truth is the exclusive property of no single scripture. We may call ourselves Christians, Hindus or Mohammedans. Whatever we may be, beneath that diversity there is oneness which is unmistakable and underneath many religions there is also one religion.”[1]He strongly came to believe that there is no religion higher than truth and true religion is nothing but truth.Theosophy was the foundation of Gandhi’s religious views. To Gandhi God is Truth and Truth is God. This belief motivated his Satyagraha campaigns and his use of the weapons of truth, love and nonviolence to win self-government for India. He strongly believed that no one is competent to offer Satyagraha unless he has a living faith in God. It was this quest for God that determined Gandhi's every action. Religion is not an ‘ism’ and it is not merely intellectual knowledge or belief in any set of doctrines. It is an innate attribute of soul. It enables human beings to define human duties in life. Religion was basic to Gandhi's life, thought and action. All his activities from spiritual to mundane including politics were governed by the spirit of religion. Gandhi revolutionized the very notion of religion.
Story And Visual Strategies of Medical Crowd Funding Campaigns On Facebook And TheCovid-19 Pandemic
Mark Joseph R. Zuñiga1, ChryslAvegeil N. Vallejo2, Marife R. De Torres3,Danilo S. Vargas4
This study generally aims is to evaluate the attitude of Central Luzon State University students towards the story strategies and visual strategies of medical crowdfunding campaigns posted on Facebook, and the COVID-19 pandemic, about their intention to donate.Using multistage sampling, a total of 98 students from Central Luzon State University were chosen as respondents to this study. The researcher utilized Google Forms to acquire the quantitative data. In terms of interpreting the data gathered, a discussion of the tables containing the frequencies of answers was executed. Additionally, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient statistical test was used to identify existing correlations. Various story and visual strategies used in medical crowdfunding campaigns posted on Facebook differ in effectiveness when it comes to affecting the attitude and thus, intention to donate of CLSU students. Interestingly, the COVID-19 pandemic doesn’t affect their intention to donate to medical crowdfunding campaigns posted on Facebook; they engage with COVID-19-focused medical crowdfunding campaigns the same as other types of medical crowdfunding campaigns. A notable discovery is that, for CLSU students, for the most part, these strategies and the COVID-19 pandemic do not persuade them to donate strongly, nor do these factors persuade them to strongly not donate. The researcher found a lack of strong motivation in the attitude of CLSU students towards donating to medical crowdfunding campaigns on Facebook during this COVID-19 pandemic.
Indian Men, Mining, development and missing sustainability
Priya Singh 1, A. K.Behura2
Mining process were never considered sustainable and is primarily responsible formajor environmental damages.This article examines how Indian patriarchy and mining industrial constructions of masculinities and manhood shape impacted and exploited natural resources. These claims rely on theoretical analysis about how men behave, and highly consider the production of masculinity as the preferred gender in mining.The present work examines how the mining inequalities have changed well-established understandings of development i.e. men and only men through ruthless mining is responsible for various problems of sustainability.This paperrecommends and suggests feminist perspective, gender equality and increasing women participation in mining in direct and indirect ways may open better prospects for improved environmental practices andsupport sustainability.
Effects of Social Mediaon Political Communication
Karissa Angela L Carlos1, Danilo S. Vargas2, Maria Adrielle S. Estigoy3, Parson N. Hail4
Social Media has been popular in the world now more than ever. It has managed to break down barriers in different aspects of society, even in the world of politics. The main purpose of this research is to determine how social media serves as a tool for how information spreads and influences leaders, its constituents, and the news itself. A comprehensive literature review has been conducted in this research based on similar content about social media and political communication. Six variables such as socio-demographics, devices, social media platforms, positive and negative effects of social media on political communication, knowledge of social media, and political participation have been used to investigate the respondents regarding the objectives of this research. A survey questionnaire was developed through Google forms and was answered by 30 randomly selected resident voters of Jaen, Nueva Ecija. The quantitative Descriptive approach has been followed for data collection and analysis while quantitative statistical tools such as frequency analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha mean, median, and mode have been used to evaluate all data gathered. The result of the study found that the majority of the respondents were female (57.77%) and in the age bracket of 18-27 (33.33%) years old, 80% of college were college graduates. Respondents were equally distributed in the top 3 most populous barangays which were Niyugan, Dampulan, and Sto. Thomas South. In terms of social media platforms and devices used, most of the respondents use Facebook (71.44%) and their mobile phones (68.88%) on connecting to the internet and accessing news regarding politics. 70% of the respondents spend 3 hours and below using social media. This research found that respondents believe that social media has a good impact on the politics such as providing necessary news on politics, and platform for discussion, and an influence in the encouragement to vote. On the other hand, they also believe in the negative impact such as the widespread misinformation and biased news. The respondents are highly knowledgeable in the features and usage of their social media platforms such as Information and privacy settings. This study also found out that respondents poorly participate in political discussions in public on social media. On the other hand, they actively vote even before using social media. Finally, this research found that there is little to no change in political participation with or without the presence of social media. However, print and Mass media are less used in the presence of social media, but respondents verify more information on social media compared to print and mass media.
Effects of Online Posts of Trolls in Shaping the Political Views of College-Based Student Councils
Wroclyl Jean B. Bullecer, 1 Parsons N. Hail, 2 Maria Adrielle Estigoy3, Danilo S. Vargas4
The study is conducted to generally aimsto determine the perceived effect of online troll posts in influencing political views, particularly among Central Luzon State University College-Based Student Councils. The researcher conducts a descriptive quantitative approach.Stratified random sampling was the type of probability sampling used to get a population. The researcher used an online survey containing questions to gather data from the respondents. Since it was descriptive quantitative research the researcher used percentage frequency as the statistical treatment and descriptive analysis to analyze the data that were collected. The result revealed the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents reported that most of them are female at age 22 and come from Bachelor of Science undergraduate programs. On the level of awareness of respondents about online trolls, the majority of them notice that trolls’ posts are about politics but since those are spreading fake news, most of the respondents are debunking that information by providing credible sources instead of engaging in conflict. Third, on the level of exposure of respondents to online posts of trolls, data shows that majority of respondents are frequently encountering online troll posts but deemed that they do not engage or interact with them. Fourth, 23 respondents believed that students’ engagement in online posts by trolls can open up their minds and can widen their political views while 42 respondents noted that as a voter, they are trying to weigh every inch of information they see on the internet before letting it affect their political views. On the perceived effects of online political posts on their political view, 86% said that online posts of trolls don’t influence their political views because they already have eyes on candidates to vote in the election. While, in question, if trolls can educate the students, 68% said that trolls do not even educate them as their sources are not credible at all, that is why they just ignore the trolls on social media. Lastly, the level of exposure to online trolls does not correlate at all with the political views of the CLSU college-based student councils.
Gender Differentials in the Capacity Building Needs of Lecturers for Teaching Biological and Physical Properties of Soil Fertility Management Practice
Iloba, Lucky Odor and Adaighofua Obue
The research determine gender differences in the capacity building needs of lecturers in teaching biological and physical properties of soil fertility management practice. Two research question and hypotheses were tested. A total of 201 agricultural education lecturers in Delta State served as respondents; hence an ex post facto designed was used. A structured questionnaire titled "Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Management Practices Questionnaire (SFFMPQ)" was used to gather data. It was created after the researcher studied the literature on soil fertility and fertilizer management and was found reliable and validated through experts. To obtain insights into the issues at hand, we analyzed the data at hand using descriptive statistics using mean and standard deviation. The t-test was used to determine whether or not the null hypothesis was correct. It was found that there was a significant difference in the mean ratings of male and female lecturers in teaching both the physical and biological properties of soil management practices. The results of the study show that lecturers in Delta State have different capacity development requirements based on whether they are teaching male or female students about biological and physical features of soil fertility management. As a result, male lecturers have a greater need than their female colleagues for training in how to effectively instruct students on the physical and biological properties of soil and how to effectively manage it during the teaching-learning process.
Review article on periodontal microsurgery for root coverage procedures
Dr.Savithri.N.K1 Dr.Sangeetha Subramanian2 Dr.Ponnudurai Prakash Gnana3 Dr.Devapriya Appukuttan4 Dr.JasmineCrena M5 Dr.V.Santhosh Devanathan6
Treatment modalities addressing both biologic and esthetic demands are most often expected from today’s periodontal practice. New technologies, instruments, and surgical techniques are necessary to help clinician ensure the best results and satisfy thepatient’s expectations. Microsurgical equipments help to enhance normal vision through magnification along with favourable lighting enabling to perform precise periodontal surgical procedures. With increasing awareness and the desire to get the besttreatment among patients, these magnificent magnifying tools come handy for an innovative periodontal micro-surgeon. The application of magnification to Periodontics promises to change clinical concepts of periodontal surgical care. As recent developments in medicine have shown, magnification and microsurgery can greatly impact clinical practice Improvement in esthetics is a major indication for periodontal plastic microsurgery.
A cognitive mindset for leading virtual team and its system thinking perspectives:a systematic review
AddisalemTadesseBogale 1, ZerihunAyenew Birbirsa2, ShimelsZewdie Werke3
Technological developments have completely changed the way we interact, lead, and think. The expansion of publications in the area of leading virtual teams and system thinking has encouraged researchers to consider these topics. Leading virtual work settings have several challenges which need the application of systems dynamics to enhance better performance. However, the study of systems thinking in the context of leading virtual teams is incongruent, and it needs a systematic review to integrate the current fragmented body of knowledge.This study employed a systematic review method to examine earlier publications related to leading virtual teams and their system thinking perspectives. To achieve the study objective, this study used eight databases, such as Sage Online, Pubmed, Springer, JSTOR, Taylor and Wiley Online Library, Francis Online, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar. Initially, a total of 5,070 studies were found using a database search. Then, 30 articles were screened, summarized, and synthesized for discussion after considering different inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, the main emphasis of existing research was examined.According to the finding of this study, communication technology, trust, intra-team relationship, and leadership activities were the most commonly identified positive factors in virtual team performance. The failure factors in virtual teams were mainly related to the effects of dispersion, cultural diversity, and poor leadership qualities like bias.This studyalso identified system thinking perspectives thatcan be applied in the context of leading virtual teams.
Improving Quality Assurance in Nigerian Vocational Education Trade Subjects: a case of Public Secondary Schools in Ekiti State
Clever O. Igberaharha PhD1 Utoware, Jude Daniel Amakaino PhD2 Shaibu Leonard PhD3
Problem: The study identified strategic measures for improving quality assurance in Nigerian vocational education trade subjects using public secondary schools in Ekiti State as a case study. Methodology: A descriptive research design was used to carry out the study. Multistage random sampling was adopted to select 341 respondents. The instrument was a close-ended, structured questionnaire titled: “Quality Assurance in Vocational Education Trade Subjects Questionnaire. The questionnaire was face-validated by three experts. The reliability of the instrument yielded a coefficient of 0.837. Out of the 341 copies of the questionnaire administered, 330 copies were completely filled and returned. Data were analysed with mean and t-test statistics. Findings: From the result, the study identified 12 measures for improving teachers’ competencies, 10 measures for improving instructional materials and practices and 10 measures for improving funding for quality assurance of vocational education trade subjects in public secondary schools in Ekiti State. The result of the hypotheses tested showed that there were no significant (p<0.05) differences in the mean ratings of vocational subjects teachers and school principals on measures for improving teachers’ competencies and funding for quality assurance of vocational education trade subjects. However, there was a significant (p<0.05) difference on measures for improving instructional materials and practices. Conclusion: Based on the above findings, quality assurance in terms of enhanced teachers' competencies, instructional materials and practices and funding will guarantee the effectiveness and quality of vocational education in secondary schools. Based on the conclusion, the study among others recommended the capacity building of vocational subject teachers as improved quality assurance to the achievement of stated objectives of vocational trade subjects in secondary schools in Ekiti State.
Instructors proficiency and employment of ICT in teaching through emerging technologies and innovations in delta state government secondary schools
Nkedishu, Victor Chukwubueze, Nwaorgu, Ekene Helen Egwunyenga, Ebele Joyce
This study examined instructors’ proficiency and employment of ICT in teaching through emerging technologies and innovations in Delta State government secondary schools. It is a correlation survey method of the ex-post-facto- research design. A purposive sampling method was used to sample 744 respondents from a population of 14,877 instructors in government secondary schools in Delta State and represented 5% of the entire population. The instrument for the study was a structured questionnaire titled "Instructors Proficiency and Employment of ICT in Teaching Questionnaire (IPEICTTQ) was utilised in obtaining information from respondents. In answering research questions, data was analysed using mean rating and standard deviation, and hypotheses were tested using Pearson r, at a.05 significance level. Findings established that the level of instructors’ proficiency and employment of ICT in teaching was low among instructors in Delta State government secondary schools. It was also established that instructors’ proficiency is related to their employment of ICT, but this relationship was not significant. The researcher suggested, amongst others, that, with the advent of ICT in conducting examinations, the government of Delta State through the Ministry of Education should provide ICT resources in schools.
Role of performance audit in fighting corruption in Somali regional state, Ethiopia
Dr. Perways Alam
The study assessed the role of performance audit have in fighting corruption and evidences were taken from Somali regional state Audit of general. The research focused on assessing the role of performance audit identifying the effective, efficient and economy while performance audit is conducted and used as a tool against corruption. The study used descriptive research design for this research. The study used census method in Somali regional state office of auditor general, structured questionnaire was used for performance audit staffs with head of the division and manager in the Somali regional audit of general. The researcher found that performance audit with proper planning and well-integrated of efficiency, effectiveness and economy can reduce the corruption and it can be used a tool against corruption. Since performance audit can fight the corruption, it must be well planned; the integrity of efficiency, effectiveness and economy should be kept and performance audit should be used as toll against corruption. The top management should support the performance auditors in developing mutually acceptable performance audit criteria and all managers should be aware of the criteria, the top management should also prescribe in detail the mechanism for accumulating data and other information on performance of the program at the levels of individual manager, unit or section.
Effectiveness of veterinary office campaign and education and attitude of pet owners towards animal rabies vaccination
Airish Rozenne J. Samatra1, Danilo S. Vargas2,Parsons N. Hail3
The study was conducted to determine the Effectiveness of the Veterinary Office Campaign and Education on Animal Rabies Vaccination. The researcher used the descriptive type of research design and simple random sampling in selecting respondents from the selected barangays. The researcher decided to usea survey questionnaire to gather data from the 195 pet owners'respondents. The study revealed that the extent of animal rabies and vaccination done by the veterinary office were very effective. All the activities were conducted in a very effective way that respondents gave a good and excellent answers. Findings also showed that Veterinary Office Education Program in animal rabies vaccination had performed well to educate those respondents. The majority of the respondents answered excellently and most of them responded well. These suggest that different programs of the Veterinary Office create a good platform to disseminate information and educate people, especially pet owners.Moreover, findings found that Communication characteristics that fall into three categories such as interpersonal, broadcast media, and print media reveal that interpersonal media was the respondent’s main source of information. It means that the veterinarian performed well to give knowledge and awareness on rabies and proper medication. Furthermore, most of the respondents received a message on awareness about animal rabies and vaccination. Additionally, more than half of the respondents have acquired new knowledge and proper medication. In general, interpersonal communication became more effective than other communication media. This implies that respondents get to be more aware of animal rabies and gain new knowledge about proper medication with interpersonal communication. Furthermore,the study revealed thelevel of awareness that the majority of the respondents were highly knowledgeable regarding animal rabies vaccination. These imply that pet owners become wiser and more knowledgeable on how they handle animal rabies and vaccination program under Veterinary office activities. The study found that the effectiveness of campaigns and education programson animal rabies resulted very effectively. Moreover, results showed that the significance level of the relationship between sociodemographic and communication characteristics of respondents was low.The research study found that the significant level of awareness between communication characteristics and awareness of the respondents toward animal rabies and vaccination was low. To summarize, the Effectiveness of Veterinary Office Campaign and Education on Animal Rabies Vaccinationwas effective in that respondents gained knowledge and awareness about animal rabies and vaccination.
No Youth, No Conflicts: The Youth Factor in the Nawuri-Gonja Conflict in Northern Ghana
Dr. Cletus Kwaku Mbowura
In the 1970s, ethnic youth associations sprang up in Northern Region of Ghanaborne out of the local concerns and desires to stimulate community development through self-help progammes. This led to the crystallization of ethnic youth associations, including the Gonja Youth Association, Konkomba Youth Association, Dagomba Youth Association, Chamba Youth Association, Nawuri Youth Association, Nanumba Youth Association. These associations dominated the local socio-political space in the region, and spearheaded the politics of self-help and ethnic identity. Few years after their formation, ethnic youth associations had become powerful organizations in Northern Ghana to the extent that their activities began to push ethnic groups to the brink of conflicts. Using a historical approach that blended data from documentary and non-documentary sources, this study examined the socio-political activism of Nawuri and Gonja youths and youth groups as well as the participation of the youth in the Nawuri-Gonja conflict of 1991/1992. It also examines the role of Nawuri youth groups in peacebuilding after the conflict. The paper argues that Nawuri and Gonja youth groups were catalytical to the Nawuri-Gonja conflict and post-conflict peacebuilding.
Financial risks mitigation strategies and productivity of banking institutions in Nigeria: Empirical approach
1Andrew O. Agbada and Godday O. Oboro2
The Banking industry in Nigeria hasconsistently witnessed downturn of activities for decades.It is on this note that the research seeks to empirically investigateFinancial Risks Mitigation Strategies and Productivity of banking institutions in the industry in Nigeria. The study adopted mitigation strategies, namely: Risk Avoidance, Risk Reduction, Risk Transfer and Risk Retention as proxies for Financial Risks Mitigation to explain Productivity of banking institutions. Research data were sourced through Survey design using structuredquestionnaire and analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) or ‘r’ and the Coefficient of Determination (r2).The research findings were relatively impressive.Thefour hypotheses models estimated gave unique results with comparatively middlingcoefficients for most of the variables excepting for hypothesis three (H03) which displayed a PPMCC or ‘r’ value of 0.9353 with Coefficient of Determination (r2) value standing at 0.8748 or 87.48%. Though this model gave a more impressive outcome, the overall results are somewhat on the average, fair to middling andthat led us toconclude thatthe effectiveness of Risk mitigation coverage on operations in the industry may be just moderate and need to be improved upon to gear up productivity. Risky operations by norms should be managedby competent professionals and thus we recommend that skilled personnelshould be engaged to supervise risk management and mitigation processes in order to efficiently sustain productivity in the industry.
Leveraging Design Innovation for design of Not-for-Profit Societal Scheme with the aid of Repayable Funds: Design Illustration for Sustenance of Tribal Community Centers
Doji Samson Lokku¹ and Deepak John Mathew²
Problem: Sustenance of community centers among low-income population in a Tribal region with the aid of repayable funds,througha societal scheme that is not-for-profit.Low-income communities consists of population who depend on sponsored schemes that are welfare oriented. But often there is dearth of sponsored funds in order for a scheme to be made operational. The challenges are significant if the sponsored funds arerepayable by the beneficiaries.Considering sponsors who would lend their money towards interest free repayable funds, what could be the scheme design that would accomplish both income generation for the communities as well as repayment of availed funds by the community members? Such scheme design is of immense help to low-income communities and it would encourage sponsors to lendfor a societal cause, with funds that are repayable. The problem scenario is addressed through Design Innovation and this paper is about describing suchscheme design and execution in a tribal region in India. There can be a group of sponsors, each contributing a small portion, towardsa larger overall fund to support the scenario.Design/Methodology/Approach: Design Innovation and Design Research Methodology and Field Study.Design Innovation is about harnessing human creativity to address a certain need (or desirability) with the aid of technological possibility (or feasibility) coupled with economic viability (or financial viability). Design Research Methodology refers to enhancing the creativity based design practice towards a certain intent, which in this case is about enabling the practice for innovation, with a focus on societal initiatives. A field study is undertaken to understand the desirability, feasibility, and viability aspects among a tribal community in Araku Valley Region in India.Findings:Sustenance of Tribal Community Centers through a Societal SchemeThe tribal communities are closely knit families with community leaders and community members, co-existing with each other. Their income levels are very low and they depend on external support for their upkeep and wellbeing. The community leaders command a lot of respect from their community members. It is possible to design and execute a scheme consisting of a series of small business ventures proposed by the community members, supported through repayable funds. The entire operations are facilitated by community leaders who oversee both the access to repayable funds and collection of repayments that are interest free. Even a small increase in their earnings makes a huge difference in their lives.Conclusion:It is possible to replicate the scheme among low-income communities wherein similar societal structures exist on the ground in the form of community members and community leaders. The income earned by community members is retained for themselves and free-will offering they give to community leaders serves towards facilitation service rendered by them. The fund sponsor will get back the money over a period of time without any interest charges. The overall operations result in increased income for community and good will on the part of the fund sponsor.
Working Capital Management and Enterprise Value Added Empirical Evidence from Listed Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria
Edeh Lawrence, Eyuche Onyewuchi Veronica (PhD) , Oyekezie Kingsley Sunday , Ogboi Emeke
Based on working capital management theory framework, this study x-rays the link between cash conversion cycle and firm performance. Particularly, this aim of this study is to explore a critical tool of working capital management by examining a sample of seventy-two (72) listed non-financial firms in Nigeria over a ten (10) year period ranging from 2010 to 2019. Working capital management measure considered in this study is the cash conversion cycle which also is the independent variable while firm performance (dependent variable) is proxied as Enterprise Value Added. In this study, robust standard error regression analyses technique was employed to analyze the panel data set collated from annual financials of the sampled non-financial listed firms. The finding indicates that lengthening cash conversion cycle indeed does hinder firm performance in the context of enterprise value addition. This finding is consistent with the views of working capital management theory which suggest that managers must acquit themselves with happenings in the control of inventories, receivables and payables since they all affect cash positions. Therefore, the researcher recommend that managers should improve their companies’ value performance by shortening cash conversion cycle period since such actions will improve cash flow position which should go a long way to benefit financial managers daily activities of the organization.
Seeking consensus: determining the storm surge perception of students and its context paradigms
Kyla A. Rodriguez, Ma. Loida D. Irabagon, Danilo S. Vargas
Eight years after Typhoon Yolanda (also known as Typhoon Haiyan) devastated the southern region of the country, the lingering quest for consensus on the local translation of storm surge has been a subject of debate even today. Scholars of disasters argue that there is a need to trouble the assumed uniformity of disaster meanings in the same manner that scholars argue for an intersectional analysis of vulnerabilities as shaped by the lack of disaster planning, disaster response and disaster recovery. This research inquires: How can the consensus of storm surge in local language can create shared meaning in the Philippines? How can the collection of cultural contexts can help improve its shared meanings in the local translation? How does the understanding of the local meaning of what the storm surge evokes can affect the public's risk perception? Conducted via online interviews and analyzed through thematic analysis, this research analyzed the CLSU-CASS students storm surge perception and inquired about their existing knowledge on the local translation and risk perception on the said phenomena. The research result show that respondents locally understood storm surge as 'awiwit' (converging/diverging waves) and 'daluyong' (long amplitudes of waves driven by wind) with a heavy reference to 'Tromba Marina'. Further, most of the themes emerged from understanding the risk of storm surge lacks shared meaning, is generalized and vague. Most of the description of the risk of storm surge provided leans more toward storm's wind velocity and rainfall rather than the storm surges capacity to drown and obliterate. This said, most of the action made by the respondents and their observation in their communities do not match the disaster response on how to avoid the risk of storm surge. The key insight from the study is that alignment, consistency, and uniform local definition of storm surge is needed. Further, veering away from the outdated paradigm of a top-down kind of information dissemination from weather agencies to the public is also equally important. Serious consideration on differences and gaps in language, literacy, and access on information of the population must also be addressed.
Redirecting National and Global Security Issues: The Role of Human Kinetics, Recreation and Sports
Singer, C.E (Ph.D.)
The paper examined sport as a means of redirecting national and global security issues. A brief background of the paper was stated where sport was described as a powerful tool that lead to national development and security. A number of related literatures were reviewed in the paper. However, the paper examined the provision of funds for sports in redirecting national and global security issues. It was concluded that if deliberate and conscious efforts are made with genuine commitment and sincerity by the government and sport bodies in the provision of funds for sports, the issue of security will be drastically reduced. It was recommended among others that funds for sports should be given the rightful place in the society and that adequate funds should be provided for management of sports in order to redirect national and global security issues through sports.
A national survey of multidisciplinary outpatient clinics for Dementia care in teaching hospitals in India
Jessy Fenn, Sanju George, CT Sudhir Kumar
Problem: Dementia is a major cause of disability and dependency which requires coordinated action across professional boundaries. In multidisciplinary dementia care teams, various professionals bring their expertise which complements patient care. Medical colleges with attached hospitals go through a rigorous process to obtain necessary recognition to be a teaching centre often considered centres of excellence as they offer many facilities which other government hospitals do not offer. However, we do not have enough information about existence of multidisciplinary outpatient clinics for dementia care even in such higher centres. This survey was conducted to understand the details of multidisciplinary inputs in outpatient clinics in assessment and management of patients with dementia in National Medical Council(Medical Council of India) approved teaching hospitals in India. Methodology: Purposive sampling method was used to select 78 medical colleges. A short survey form specifically designed for the purpose of the study, consisted of questions to evaluate the services offered by the centre for patients with dementia in the outpatient clinic focusing on inputs from multidisciplinary team members including psychologists, social workers and nurses were emailed to them. Results: Completed survey forms were returned by 44 centres with 56.4% response rate. All respondents reported that patients with dementia are seen, diagnosed using internationally accepted diagnostic criteria, and manged in their centres with appropriate follow ups and reviews. Multidisciplinary outpatient clinics: Among the respondents, 19 (43.2%) centres had multidisciplinary outpatient clinics while 25 (56.8%) centres did not have such a facility. 9 (47.4%) centres reported having multidisciplinary memory clinics; 4 (21%) having multidisciplinary psychogeriatric clinics and 6 (31.6%) centres having general multidisciplinary general psychiatric outpatient services. Among the nine memory clinics 8 (89%) had psychologists, 7 (78%) had social workers and 5 (56%) had nursing staff. All four psychogeriatric clinics had psychologists while 2 (50%) had social workers and 1 (25%) had nurse working in them. All six general psychiatry clinics had psychologists and nursing staff while 4 (67%) had social workers. Six (14%) centres had inputs from voluntary organisations. Services of psychologists, social workers and nurses were available and accessible even when they were not working specifically as part of the multidisciplinary outpatient clinic.Among the study participants, psychology services were available in 28 (63.7%) centres; services of a social worker were available in 24 (54.5%) centres.Nursing inputs were available in 22 (50%) centres.Overall, 31 (71%) centres had some degree of input from a professional other than a psychiatrist in the assessment and care of patients with dementia. They were contributing to assessment in 29 (94%) centres, offering advice to patients and family in 30 (97%) centres and psychoeducation in all centres. Conclusions: This survey demonstrates that significance of multidisciplinary working in dementia care is recognised to a certain degree in India. The role of social workers and psychologists are acknowledged in these clinics with them taking an active part in assessment and interventions including psychoeducation. Providing multidisciplinary memory clinic care need not always be expensive and large scale. There should be a collaborative approach in establishing appropriate dementia care services between various stakeholders including family members of people with dementia, general public, governmental and non-governmental agencies.
Awareness and Utilization of online TV streaming on content preference among university students in Niger state, Nigeria
Stanley Uzoamaka Ugboaja, Luke .Ifeanyi. Anorue
The advent of online television streaming has changed the media landscape by providing the audience with novel platforms to watch their favourite media content with a variety of gadgets. This study investigated students’ awareness and utilisation of online TV streaming in Niger state, Nigeria. The study design was survey while questionnaire was used for data collection. The study comprised 41, 241 undergraduates and postgraduates students from two selected tertiary institutions, one federal university and one state university as at 2020/2021 academic session in Niger State. Using the Slovin's Formula, the sample size determined for the study was 396. The data collected was analysed using simple frequencies and percentages (%). The data obtained was also analyzed and the hypotheses tested using SPSS, version 20 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, II) and Chi square test of independence. The theoretical framework adopted for the study was the uses and gratification theory and the technology acceptance model. The study found that the majority of the respondents were highly aware and knowledgeable about online television streaming. In addition, knowledge of television streaming positively influenced respondents’ utilisation. The study concludes that respondents are not only aware and knowledgeable but also utilize online television streaming. The study, therefore, recommends that government should invest in broadband infrastructure to make internet accessible to students and other citizens.
Effect of Gagne Learning Hierarchy on Students Achievement, Retention and Attitude in Secondary School Physics in Delta State, Nigeria
Agboghoroma, T. E. (Ph.D.) Bebenimibo, Job (Ph.D.) & Akpokiniovo, Samuel Rukevwe
This study examined the effects of Gagne’s learning hierarchy on students’ achievement, retention and attitude in Secondary School Physics in Delta State. The theoretical framework in which the study was anchored on is Ausubel’s Cognitive Theory (1963). The study employed a 2x3 factorial non-equivalent pre-test post-test control group design. Three (3) research questions and three (3) null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. A sample size of two hundred and eleven (211) SS II Physics Students from six (6) public secondary schools in Delta State were involved. These were taught physics utilizing Gagne’s Learning Hierarchy in the experimental groups made up of one hundred and sixteen (116) students and lecture method the control group utilized ninety-five (95) students. The instrument used were Physics Achievement Test (PAT) and Physics Students Attitude Scale. The instrument were validated by experts in science education. Reliability indices of 0.79 for PAT and 0.73 for Attitude Scale. The data collected were analyzed using Mean, Standard Deviation and Independent t-test. The findings showed that Gagne’s Learning Hierarchy has positive effects on physics students’ achievement, retention and attitude. It was recommended among other things, that physics teachers should adopt the use of Gagne’s Learning Hierarchy in teaching secondary school physics. Government agencies responsible for teacher development programmes should train physics teachers on the use of Gagne’s Learning Hierarchy to enable the physics teachers construct effective lesson plans on this innovative and collaborative instructional strategy.
Application of RST and Frame Net in Second Language Teaching
Dr. Soumya Sankar Ghosh
In Second Language Teaching (SLT), reading comprehension through literature is always a difficult task since it calls for numerous levels of understanding from both the learners' and the teachers' perspectives. The structural intricacy and underlying meaning of the text that the students are studying are frequently difficult for the students to comprehend. However, we must equally admit that one of the most well-liked methods of teaching a language is through the use of literature to teach reading comprehension. A literary text has a vast quantity of cultural knowledge, a rich vocabulary, and sophisticated sentence construction. It enables the student to broaden their knowledge in new areas.The study suggests a teaching-learning model using the flipped learning methodology after taking into account both the difficulties and the potential. It makes it possible for the student to successfully and effectively gain reading comprehension when learning a second language.
Farmers Knowledge and Adoption of Good Agricultural Practices in Rice Production
Ciara Mae J. Barreda, Maria Loida D. Irabagon, Marjorie N. Manlulu
The study entitled “Farmers’ Knowledge and Adoption of Good Agricultural Practices in Rice Production” determined the level of knowledge and extent of adoption of rice farmers about good agricultural practices (GAP) in rice production and its relationship to farmers’ socio-demographic characteristics. The study involved fifty (50) farmers selected thru simple random sampling. Both qualitative and quantitative data were gathered in this study.Pearson correlation was used to test the relationship of variables. Major findings reveal that almost all of the respondents were highly knowledgeable about the said practices. Similarly, almost all of them are regularly adopting the said practices in rice production except for the conduct of soil analysis before land preparation as they found the service expensive. Hence, respondents of the study do not fully practice GAP. Based on the correlation result, farmers’ age, educational attainment, years of farming, and annual income were highly significant with the farmers’ level of knowledge and extent of adoption of good agricultural practices in rice production. Moreover, the farmers’main and secondary source of agricultural information were their co-farmers and via seminars. Very few identified extension workers as a source of said information. While information, education, and communication (IEC) materials were identified by some as their source of information about the said practices, respondents found those materials ineffective due to the language used and technical words or jargon present in the material. This study recommends that agricultural services like soil analysis should be made affordable if not free among the farmers to enable adopters to fully practice the GAP in rice production. It is also recommended that the IEC materials being used to disseminate information about the said practicesbe tailored fit to the profile of the farmers to make the contents understandable to them. Extension workers play a crucial role in delivering the agricultural technologies in the field as they serve as a walking medium that uses the same language as farmers. This study then suggeststhat theiractivities be intensifiedby regularly visiting the farmers to enable them to address their concerns clearly and promptly. Also, sinceextension workers workclosely with the farmers, extension workers can easily determine and relate to their problems. This would aid in the efficient delivery of agricultural information, thereby, help hasten the full adoption of recommended technologies/practices under GAP.
Economic Efficiency of Turmeric Production: South-Western Ethiopia
Tsegaye Melese, Nigus Gurmis and Abebe Fekadu
Turmeric is widely grown in the southwestern region of Ethiopia, specifically in Bench-Sheko and Sheka zones. Nevertheless, different evidence shows in terms of productivity it was not satisfactory. The study aimed towards estimating allocative and economic efficiency levels, to detect factors affecting allocative and economic efficiency in Sheko and Yeki districts. To conduct this research, the data were collected from 360 sample turmeric producers. Cobb-Douglas and Tobit models were used to analyze efficiency and determinate correspondingly. Accordingly, the average allocative and economic efficiencies were 60.78% and 44.71, correspondingly. Average allocative efficiency implies a prospect to decrease the cost of inputs by 39.22%. Turmeric yield was certainly and meaningfully affected by area worker oxen seed, chemicals plus urea. Tobit regression outcome showed economic efficiency was absolutely and meaningfully influenced by the extension agent interaction, credit utilization, and market information. Strategies focus to inspire and increase the delivery of credit, support the present farm extension structure, and provide relevant marketing information needed to expand the economic efficiency of turmeric.
Determinants of Internal Audit Effectiveness in South Gonder Administrative Zone: an Empirical Study
Mesafnt Melkie , Ayechew Bereded , Workeneh Mengist , Eyobe Temesgen
This paper focuses on the factors that affect the effectiveness of internal audit in the South Gondar Zone, with a particular focus on the internal audit department found in different wored as in the zone. Methods, The study uses a mixed research approach, by examined six factors: internal audit independence, internal audit competency, management support, the relationship between internal auditors and external auditors, the organizational setting, and the scope of internal audit work. The total population of the survey consisted of 144 internal auditors found in various woredas ??in the Southern Gonder Zone. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation and multiple regression using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Findings: The results show that all six independent variables are positively correlated and make a positive contribution to the effectiveness of internal audit in public sector offices. Conclusions: All six independent variables account for 87.9% of the contribution to the effectiveness of internal audit in the South Gonder zone.
Effect OFE-banking services on performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia
Bantyergu Engida (PhD)
The central objective of this study is to identify the effect of electronic banking service on the performance of banks in Ethiopia. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the effect that ATM, POS machine, Mobile banking and bank size have on the performance of commercial banks. The study mainly used quantitative approach. The population of the study comprised nine commercial banks selected using a purposive sampling method for the 5 years period of 2017 – 2021. The study used secondary data. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics for the analysis purpose. Result using fixed effect panel least square regression with the aid of E-views9 econometric software exhibited that, increasing the number of ATMs variable has a negative and statistically significant effect on bank performance as measured by ROA, increasing the number of POS was found to have negative and statistically insignificant effect on bank ROA, increasing number of mobile banking users variable has positive and statistically significant effect on bank ROA, and increasing bank size has a negative and statistically significant effect on bank ROA.
Assessment of Teachers qualities in teaching-learning for sustainable development in South-South Nigeria
Enwefa, Chiekem Ph.D
The study evaluates the characteristics of teachers in South-South Nigeria on teaching-learning for sustainable development. So, teaching-learning for sustainable development is a strategy that aims to help students of all ages take responsibility for building a sustainable future and learn to appreciate it.In addition, it teaches students from all walks of life to plan for, deal with, and discover solutions to challenges that threaten the sustainability of our environment, and it fosters behavioral changes that will build a more sustainable future for our society. Six hundred (600) teachers from six (6) states in south-south Nigeria were sampled using stratified sampling procedures (Bayelsa, Delta, Rivers, Awka-Ibom, Cross River, and Edo). For data collection, the researcher and two additional specialists in measurement and assessment approved a questionnaire on self-development. The mean rating and standard deviation were utilized to answer the study questions, while the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was utilized to evaluate the stated hypothesis at a significance level of 0.05. The results of the study indicate that the professional and competency levels of teachers have an effect on teaching-learning for sustainable development in South-South Nigeria. In addition, the results indicated that there was no correlation between the competency levels and professional levels of teachers in South-South Nigeria for teaching-learning for sustainable development. It is proposed that there be a capacity-building approach that attempts to provide teachers and schools with the skills and knowledge necessary for effective instruction. It is also suggested that at the local and national levels, pedagogical resources and curricular innovation be fostered.
Assessing Community Participation in Child Protection in South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia
Misalie Solomon Hailesilassie
This study was designed to assess community participation in child protection in South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia. A sample of 398 participants was selected from three administrative towns through a stratified random sampling technique. Community Child Protection Scale and a questionnaire on demographic information were used in the present study. Descriptive statistics, one-sample t-test, independent sample t-test, one way ANOVA, and post hoc analysis were employed for analysis. A result revealed that local community participation in child protection is insignificant. The study also discovered that there is no significant difference in participation in child protection amongst male and female participants. However, the study demonstrated that there is a significant statistical difference observed in community participation in child protection across respondents’ age; educational status and marital status. GOs, NGOs, and other concerned bodies should design continuous and regular community awareness-raising programs regarding a more comprehensive approach to child protection systems in general and bottom-up child protection systems in particular.
Covid-19 To "Omicron XE" - Impact and change in the Future of Dentistry
Anbu Velusamy, Selvanathan MJ Vinola & Thirumurugan SV Mahadhevan
The outburst of COVID-19 vigorously soared in cases creating a dreadful pandemic, which resulted in severe catastrophic health and wealth crisis across the globe. With all the career fields striving for survival, dentistry has faced and is still facing its time of strenuous survival due to the various waves’from COVID-19 to Omicron XE.The report provided by the dental academics in Wuhan, China, which outlined the immediate impact of COVID-19 on dental health-care professionals and on the massive impacts it might have on the profession of dentistry, elicited the attention of dentists globally. The pandemic has also highlighted few voids in dental research and the need for widespread knowledge to manage the present crisis and reduce the impact of such outbreaks in the future of dentistry.Despite meticulous and stern global containment and curfew efforts, the incidence of COVID 19 still prevails and has led to the outbreak of the various waves.The aim of this article is to highlight the impact of COVID-19 to Omicron XEand to recommend various futuristic methods of infection control strategies and patient management protocols to provide prime dental treatment with utmost care for the benefit of the patients and dentists.
Status of Solid Waste Management Implementation in Three Cities Under the Philippines Manila Bay Rehabilitation Project
Mariqueen Andrea Domino-Arcia & Danilo S. Vargas
The study is descriptive research focused on the solid waste management cluster implementation of the Area Based Management Plan (ABMP) under Manila Bay Rehabilitation Project in key cities in Nueva Ecija to benchmark the current management implementation of ABMP at the local level. This study involved the discussion of the overview of the Area Based Management Plan for Upper Pampanga River under the Manila Bay Rehabilitation Project of the ABMP implementation in the three cities in Nueva Ecija namely: Cabanatuan, Gapan, and San Jose. This study assessed institutional, organizational, and technical aspects of local governance following the ABM plan. The three cities have increasing urbanization due to the development of growth corridors in Central Luzon. The economic growth attributes to the changes in the classification of barangays from rural to urban over the past decade. Cabanatuan City has the most rapid development being the center of business and trade. This conversion indicates an increase in infrastructure and industrial and commercial establishments. This economic growth attracts migration of the working population to the cities. The number of households in cities affects the waste generated per capita per day. The average household family size in the three cities is five (5) persons per household. Cabanatuan City has the highest population compared to the two cities according to the 2015 National Statistics Office. This is comparatively important on the generated wastes. Based on the Waste Characterization Reports of the cities, Cabanatuan City has an average generated waste per capita per day of 0.4 kg followed by San Jose City with 0.3 kg and Gapan City with 0.2 kg. Gapan City has no institutionalized City Environment and Natural Resources Office to enforce the national and local policies. However, Cabanatuan City has a newly institutionalized City Environment and Natural Resources Office that headed the Environmental Protection Division and enforced the local ordinances on solid waste management. San Jose City has an institutionalized system with separate funding allocation and enables to enforcement of local ordinances. The assessment also shows a weak implementation of the technical aspect of solid waste in Gapan compared to Cabanatuan City and San Jose City.
School Workplace Safety and Security Challenges, and Lecturers Job Performance in Delta State Colleges of Education, Nigeria
Anho, Joseph Efe (Ph.D.)
School workplace safety and security challenges and lecturers job performance in Delta State colleges of education, Nigeria used the expost-facto design adopting the comparative descriptive survey method with 1257 lecturers drawn from the three (3) colleges of education. The stratified random sampling technique was used to sample 640 i.e. 51% of the population. The instrument was self constructed questionnaire tag “Questionnaire on School Workplace Safety and Security Challenges Lecturers Job Performance” (QSWSSCLJP). The literature reviewed, problems of the study, research questions and hypothesis formulated guided the construction. The instrument was validated by colleagues, used the split half technique and the Pearson Product Moment Co-relational (PPMC) statistics ‘r’ to obtain a reliability coefficient of 0.86 for school workplace safety and security challenges and 0.80 for lecturers’ job performance which give the total reliability coefficient of 0.83. After distribution and retrieval of the questionnaire, 575 were returned which accounted for 90% return rate. The mean scores and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while the PPMC and the linear regression statistics were used to test the hypotheses formulated at 0.05 level of significance. The acceptance bench mark was set at 2.50, using an adopted likert four(4) points rating scaling of Strongly Agreed = 4 points, Agree = 3 points, Disagreed = 2 points and Strongly Disagreed = 1 point. The data obtained were analyzed and presented on tables. The findings indicated some prevalent school workplace safety and security challenges in Delta State colleges of Education, Nigeria, and there was significant relationship between school workplace safety and security challenges and lecturers’ job performance. The suggested innovative management options also have significant relationship with lecturers’ job performance. It was recommended that the implementation of the suggested innovative management options is a panacea to the challenges.
Servqual: A dimension-specific analysis of performance and measurement of library service quality and user satisfaction among students at the universities of Haryana
Mithu Dey
The primary purpose of this present research paper is to evaluate library services and user satisfaction on five dimensions of the Servqual instrument: Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. The study was conducted at three State-owned Universities of Haryana specializing in Science and Technology. The survey research method was used. A total number of 180 questionnaires were distributed among the library users, including under-graduates and post-graduate students from the field of Science and Technology specialization, and 169 (93.89%) valid questionnaires were considered for the study. The results explained a discrepancy in all the five service dimensions in these university libraries; users expect better quality services, especially in the Reliability and Tangible dimensions. Efforts should be made to modernize the library infrastructure, develop a rich collection of books and electronic resources, conduct training and workshops for library staff to excel in their skills and expertise and provide more value-added services to improve the quality of library service. The study will help the librarians to make more efforts to explore and eliminate pitfalls to achieve the highest perceived service quality and user satisfaction.
Social Media Utilization and Its Impact to the Communication Relationship Between Mothers and Their Children
Angelica C. Gutierrez , Maria Loida D. Irabagon and Danilo S. Vargas
This study entitled “Social Media Utilization of Mothers and their Children and its Effect to their Communication Relationship” aimed to determine how the use of social media affects the communication relationship of mothers and their children from the perspective of the matriarchal head of the family – mothers. It tried to analyze whether social media use decreases the personal communication of the respondents to their children. The study also explored the following: relationship of socio-demographic characteristics of respondents to the frequency of social media use; and relationship of social media use and family communication relationship. Based on the results, respondents always use social media 3-4 hours a day during the evening hours wherein Facebook is their frequently used social media site. Respondents observed that their children always use social media at home, however, the face-to-face conversation remained their most frequent way to communicate with their children. More than half (63.3%) of the respondents believed that social media has decreased their personal communication with their children. Those who disagreed with this statement, however, believed that it has not affected their personal communication with their children as they impose discipline and control over them. Moreover, there is no correlation seen between the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and the social media use of respondents. Thus, regardless of their demographic profile, the frequency of use of social media among families of respondents is the same. However, no relationship is found between social media use and family communication relationship. This then implies that family communication is affected by the use of social media, in a positive way as it is seen to aid the respondents in monitoring their children especially when they are out of their homes. It can also be gleaned in this study that despite social media’s negative outcomes, it also have several advantages when used in an appropriate manner. It is suggested in this study that parents should use social media as a platform to monitor their children’s activities in the virtual world without demolishing their child’s privacy matters. It comes into greater value when mothers and parents will view social media as a platform to understand more their children and allot more time to talk to them. The researcher also recommends that parents, especially mothers, to establish close relationship with their children through face-to-face conversation, to avoid their children from venting it their emotional problems on the social media. It is encouraged to take a deeper understanding with teens in this modern era.Researchers are encouraged to conduct future studies focusing on proper parenting and forming good relationship with parents and their children at home and virtually.
Effect of an agreeable boss on subordinate adaptive performance of Federal Universities in South-East, Nigeria
Suzan Ngozi Nwoke
The purpose of the study was to examine the extent of influence an agreeable boss had on subordinate adaptively in the workplace. The study aimed at confirming the effectiveness of the agreeable dimension of personality trait in facilitating adaptive performance from subordinates in order to provide tropical evidence between both constructs. The research was quantitative and implored inferential statistic to analyze data generated from 300 staff of five federal universities in South East, Nigeria. The findings of the study unveiled that an agreeable boss was a statistical significant predictor of subordinate adaptive performance. The result of this study also bears practical implications.
Enhancing students retention level of basic science curriculum concepts through problem solving instructional strategy
Oyovwi, Edarho Oghenevwede ( Ph.D) & Umukoro Ogheneovo Emmanuel
Enhancing students’ retention level of basic science curriculum concepts through problem-solving instructional strategy was the study focus. The study adopted the quasi-experimental design. The study population comprised of nineteen thousand, two hundred and forty-nine (19,249) Basic 8 students from all the public secondary schools in Delta South Senatorial District of Delta State. A sample of two hundred and twenty (220) students were utilised. The classes were assigned using the random sampling technique. The research instrument was the Retention Basic Science Achievement Test (RBSAT). The reliability was established using Kuder- Richardson formula 21 which yielded a coefficient of 0.85.The acquired data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and t-test at the significance level of 0.05. According to the study's results, students who were instructed basic science curriculum concepts using a problem-solving instructional strategy improved their retention tests than those who were instructed using a lecture method. There was no significant difference in mean retention scores between male and female students who were instructed basic science curriculum concepts using a problem-solving instructional strategy. Based on the conclusion, it was recommended among others that basic science teachers should be encouraged to adopt the problem-solving instructional strategy in teaching basic science curriculum concepts since it promotes retention of learned materials.
Characterization and treatment of rush fibers towards eco-construction reinforcement Wassef Ounaies
Wassef Ounaies
The rush fiber could constitute a potential source of reinforcement of organic matrix, polyester resins or epoxy components, or mineral, cement mortar or lime or gypsum or natural earth. For this reason, we were interested in our research work on the extraction and processing of this plant. To remedy the problem of dimensional variation and fragility of raw earth molded, reinforcement approaches rush plant fibers chemically treated by alkalization have been adopted. This article aims to present a study on which we characterize and process rush fibers in order to reinforce eco-construction. For both economic and ecological considerations we have chosen to use a variety of fibers that we obtained by chemical extraction with hot alkalization (8% NaOH), which have less efficient characteristics but sufficient to be used as reinforcements for the earth mortar. We started from the principle that any land could be valid for construction, even if its initial properties were not quite suitable for the construction method (adobe, rammed earth, compressed blocks, etc.), with the application of grain size correction and / or stabilization by aerial or hydraulic binders or by reinforcement with rush plant fibers. The optimization study of the process for extracting rush fibers led us to obtaining fibers with very high characteristics
Impact of Environmental Health and Safety Management in Building Construction Industry in Nigeria
Enyinna Gregory Chimere (PhD), Oguzie Joy Okwuchi Chizitere, Jideobi Samuel Osuji
Health and safety are of extreme importance within the construction industry as different construction operations take place at about the same time. The study focused on the influence of environmental health and safety management in the Nigerian building construction industry, specifically in Naze, Imo State. Purposive sampling was used in the study to deliver 39 survey questionnaires to selected professionals from consulting and contracting organizations in the study area. The 39 copies of the questionnaire retrieved were evaluated to determine the elements that work against the building construction industry's environmental health and safety management. RII was used to score 10 identified elements that work against environmental health and safety management. The finding of the study revealed that failure to learn a lesson from previous incidents (RII=0.86), inadequate safety management systems (RII=0.88), space congestion (RII=0.89), were the top factors militating against materials management. The findings further indicate that Proper workers warfare (RII=0.9556), Creation and implementation of HS plans (RII=0.9556), and Health and safety training and induction programs (RII=0.9822), were the three major measures for preventing accidents on construction sites. According to the findings, construction management needs to improve health and safety management in all aspects.
The Effects of Motivation on Employee Productivity and Efficiency in the Construction Industry
Enyinna Gregory Chimere (PhD), Uche Moneke (PhD), Okeke Fidelix
Motivation is defined as that inner drive that makes an individual to perform an action and drives him to continue with the cause of action already he/she has already started. The desire and of each employee in an establishment can be increase by motivation which will in turn drive the employee to carry out the task assigned to them effectively and efficiently with minimal inspection. Due to low employee motivation in the Nigeria construction Industry which brought about an unusual reduction in productivity and job efficiency, we try to figure out if there is any way motivation can be used to help stop this menace and improve productivity. In the Private sectors in Nigeria, we can see that the employees are not motivated, the agencies that the government enlisted to monitor these private firms are relating with their employees is not up and doing. It is to this effect that the research investigated Performance: “The Effect of Motivation on Employees productivity” in Nigeria construction Industries. The study is tasked to figure out if Effect Motivation has any effects on Employees productivity; as well as to verify the factors that can be employed to motivate employees of different calibre, and also to assess the impact of motivation on employee performance. Questionnaire and Interviews were used to gather data for the research and the data collected were analysed using “Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS)” in other to evaluate the data and calculate the relationship between the two variables using the correlation analysis. The research shows that promotion and employees opportunity for advancement, health insurance, promotion based on merit and as at when due, funding special vacation with loved ones are some of the major sources of motivation. The research also shows that Motivation can also be initiated through gain sharing, where the management should implement a method of reward system for their employees for them to share in the gains of the firm. It was also verified that some of the workers in some level of the organization are not happy with the current pay package they are receiving. Therefore, it is advised that Management of the construction industries should consider as a matter of urgency, the need to make adjustments in wages and salaries of their employees which will go a long way to reduce the high incidence of low labour turnover.
Rural teachers perceptions on challenges and solutions of inclusive education in Zimbabwe
Munyaradzi Chidarikire & Professor . Dipane Hlalele
This article interrogated the phenomenon of rural teachers’ perceptions towards challenges and solutions of inclusive education in Zimbabwe rural primary schools. Ubuntuism/ Unhuism theoretical lens was used to interrogate rural teachers’ perceptions on challenges and solutions of inclusive education in rural primary schools. Furthermore, this is a qualitative study located in the broader space of transformative paradigm. We used Participatory Action Research to generate data from the participants. A purposive sample comprising ten primary school teachers from Gutu rural district in Zimbabwe were selected for this study. Data were generated through focus group discussions as participants responded to two questions: what are the challenges facing inclusive education in Zimbabwean rural primary schools? and how can inclusive education be enhanced in rural primary schools? Then generated data was divided into two themes and analysed through Critical Discourse Analysis’s three levels namely: textual, discursive and social practice. This paper found that lack of resources such as lack of qualified inclusive education teachers militate against success of inclusive education in rural primary schools. Consequently, this article recommended that, the Ministry of Primary and Secondary schools should deploy competent and qualified inclusive education teachers in rural schools
The Level of Emotional Intelligence among Persons with Physical Disabilities in South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia
Misalie Solomon Hailesilassie
This study explored the level of emotional intelligence (EI) among persons with physical Disabilities in South Gondar zone, Ethiopia, focusing on the influence of participants’ sex and onset of disability on their level of EI. For this purpose, a sample of 140 participants’ was selected from three administrative towns using Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive (mean) and inferential (T-tests) statistics. Analysis revealed that persons with physical disabilities appeared to have low level of EI. Moreover, the analysis noted that significant difference was not observed in EI of persons with physical disabilities based on their sex and onset of disability. Thus, irrespective of sex and onset of disabilities, the study found that the EI of persons with physical disabilities scored low. Disability People Associations in collaboration with governmental and non-governmental organizations should design continuous training programs regarding EI and life skills.
Staff working conditions and organizational commitment: a correlation analysis of Delta State Universities
Akpokiniovo-Uwawah Felicia Tuoyo
If a university's primary focus is on education, its success may be attributed to its faculty's quality and the working environment that drive them. This research was done to evaluate the impact of Delta State Universities' organizational commitment and staff working conditions (appropriate salary/wage payment, pay as you earn (PAYE) taxation and general working environment). The research employs a correlational approach to data collection. All teaching staff of Delta State University, Abraka, with 10 faculties, and 689 academic employees are included in the research population. Due to the tiny size of the population, a method called "purposive sampling" was used. The questionnaire used to gather data was self-structured and evaluated by three professionals with a reliability index of 0.75. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to determine the connection between the variables from the collected data. Researchers discovered a strong link between staff working condition, including salary/wage payment, PAYE income tax deduction, and the overall office atmosphere with organizational commitment. University administrators have been urged to provide adequate and secured environment and to ensure that staff are paid on time and in full.
Management of advanced gingival recession defects in mandibular anterior teeth using gingival unit graft - Case Series
1. Dr.Anupama Tadepalli 2. Dr. Swapna Chekurthi 3. Dr.Harinath Parthasarathy 4. Dr.Deepa Ponnaiyan
Objectives: Gingival recession leads to exposure of the root surface of the tooth due to apical migration of marginal gingiva relative to the cement-enamel junction. The increased incidence of recession has become a major concern for clinicians as dentinal hypersensitivity, esthetic issues and root caries are often associated with root exposure. Free gingival grafts are commonly used to augment attached gingiva. Gingival unit transfer is a variant of free gingival graft that was used in this case series to increase the width of attached gingiva simultaneously improving root coverage. Methods: This case series describes the clinical effectiveness of a gingival unit graft harvested from palate, in the treatment of RT2 gingival recession defects with respect to mandibular anterior teeth in three subjects. Clinical parameters such as recession depth (RD), width of attached gingiva (WAG) and keratinized tissue (KTW) were evaluated at baseline and post surgery. Root coverage percentage (RC%) was calculated at the end of each follow up period respectively. Results: At the end of the two-year follow-up period, patient 1 had 100% root coverage. At 18 months, patient 2 had partial root coverage ranging from 50 to 75% in different sites. Complete marginal root coverage was attained in patient 3 at 6 months without significant improvement in papillary height. KTW and WAG were improved in all individuals, along with gain in clinical attachment. Conclusion: GUT treatment resulted in improvement in KTW and vestibular depth with varied percent of root coverage in advanced mandibular recession defects.
E-filing of income-tax returns: A study on the tax-payers awareness and challenges
Srinivas Nimmagadda , Dr.V. Krishna Mohan , Swetha Nimmagadda
The income tax returns need to be filed by tax-payers as per the Section 139(1) of the Income Tax Act of India. In earlier times, the income tax returns need to be filed physically in the concerned jurisdiction ward along with all the supporting documents but the income tax department moved to e-filing mode since 2004.As a result, a lot of improvements from time to time took place in e-filing process to make it simpler and more user-friendly. The purpose of this research paper is to improve tax compliance by helping the tax-payers in filing the correct ITR form and filing it properly as per the Income-tax rules and in compliance with the various provisions of the Income Tax Act. For this purpose, the likely mistakes made by the tax-payers in filing the returns have been identified and discussed. The facilities provided by the income-tax department have also been discussed so that they can be properly utilized. It is important to note that the tax-payers are making certain mistakes in claiming some deductions and are also ignoring the clubbing provisions of the Income-tax Act, disclosing interest income, etc. which may lead to increased tax litigations. They should also ensure that they cross-check their form 26AS before filing return of income. Existing and proposed specified financial transactions have been highlighted. The facilities provided by the Income tax department, like e-Nivaran and Helpdesk role in addressing grievances of the taxpayers have been discussed. In order to improve the system, certain suggestions are made to both income-tax department and the tax-payers. The Income tax department should focus on pre-filling of data and put efforts in simplifying format of ITR-2 to ITR-7. Some key steps were already taken in e-filing portal 2.0 It should also co-ordinate with stock exchanges and establish interface with them to ensure that Schedule 112A data on long term capital gain in share transactions gets pre-filled automatically from the databases of the stock exchanges. The Tax-payers should be more careful in tax compliance in some tax provisions and fully utilize facilities provided by income-tax department like, e-Nivaran, help desk, etc. The income-tax department policy of “Honouring-The-Honest” will connect to the tax tax-payers only when they take all necessary measures to ensure that the tax-payer does not face any hardship from tax authorities.
Perceived Effects of Adopting Waste Segregation Practices to Homes and School
Jonard A. Barlaan1, Jocelyn R. Dollente2, Marjorie N. Manlulu3
The study entitled, “CLSU Student’s Adoption on Waste Segregation Practices and Its Perceived Effects at their Homes and School” determined the waste segregation practices adopted by the students at homes and school and the relationship between student’s socio-demographic characteristics and information source with their adoption on waste segregation practices. The study used random sampling and 72 students served as respondents. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research approaches was used. Survey questionnaire was utilized to gather information. Major findings reveal that the students’ socio-demographic characteristic like age, sex, educational attainment, seminars attended and annual family income were highly significant related to their adoption of waste segregation practices. Meanwhile, the students’ sources of information such as interpersonal and media were highly significant with the students’ adoption of waste segregation practices. Akin to this, source is significant in adoption on waste segregation. It can create awareness to individuals about the importance and benefits of recycling, both in the short term and long term, for them as well as the societies they live in and the world at large. The study recommends that students and professors should be given more trainings on waste segregation because they serve as role models. Households should also be taught and reminded to adopt waste segregation practices. Also, further study should be conducted to determine the adoption level of waste segregation and its effects to the environment.
Strengthening Adoption of Organic Agricultural Practices through Women Empowerment
Erlinda D.L. Palmario ,Sheryll C. De Leon , Joanna Marie S. Bradecina , Marivic A. Capalad
Strengthening Adoption of Organic Agricultural Practices through Women Empowerment, an extension project funded by the Bulacan Agricultural State College (BASC) was initially carried out in Barangay Sumandig, San Ildefonso, Bulacan from June 28, 2018, to December 31, 2020. This project generally aims to involve women in the adoption of organic agricultural practices. These women were members of the association whose primary source of income is the provision of related services in agriculture because they do not have an arable area to cultivate. This project specifically aims to provide technical knowledge and skills on making organic concoctions and vermicompost; promote the organic agricultural practice in the community through the establishment of a demo-trial farm and vermicompost area; document the number of women who will able to adopt organic agriculture practices; and document the increase in income in adopting organic agriculture practice through cost and return analysis. The project consisted of three (3) phases: Conduct of Seminar-training Workshop; Establishment of Science and Technology Community-Based Trial; and turn-over of the project. Seedling dispersal was also carried out in order to make participants apply what they had learned about the capacity training they had undergone and to help them raise their profits. Monitoring was conducted regularly to ensure good production management and economic returns among participants. Vermicomposting area has been developed mainly to encourage the use of organic fertilizers in order to minimize the use of synthetic fertilizers, which may cause soil fertility depletion in the long term, and to promote a healthier environment by reducing contamination by the use of resources in the region, such as manure and leaf litter, which can be used as a substrate. Women have learned how to make their own vermicompost through training and seminars. To date, the farmer's partner has been encouraged to use it as a basal fertilizer for their crops and has increased its income through the production of vermicompost. Finally, it was encouraging to see that appropriate technologies and interventions were encouraging women's formal participation. Empowering them through the adoption of organic agricultural practices will benefit not only their own health but also the health of their families, while also providing a healthier environment for the community and sustaining agricultural productivity.
Human Rights Situation under Taliban (Islamic Emirate) Regime
Mohammad Ramin Hakimy & Basel Abou Rokba
The formation of human rights institutions, including the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, was one of the first successes of the post-Taliban administration. Based on the Bonn Agreement(Wikipedia, 2022)(Assembly, 1948), the Afghanistan government was required to develop and maintain human rights institutions, and human rights were also incorporated in the Afghanistan Constitution as a fundamental element of the Afghan new regime system. International human rights groups have opened offices in Afghanistan as a result of this. However, on August 15, 2021, the Taliban gained control of Kabul and other provinces of the country by force, disbanding all national and civic organizations that protect human rights and repealing the constitution and other laws that protect individuals human rights. It consistently abuses people's human rights and restricts citizens' access to their fundamental freedoms, in violation of all of the previous government's international duties. The Taliban has severely limited freedom of expression, denied women the right to school and jobs, and denied all citizens, particularly women, the opportunity to engage in self-determination. Arbitrary executions, field trials, torture and ill-treatment of journalists, violence against protestors, forced relocations, and raids on people's homes are all examples of human rights violations. . This study tries to address the situation of human rights in Afghanistan and examines the reasons that the human rights violating nowadays in Afghanistan under Taliban regime. The present research paper has been done in the form of online sources, articles recent news, and analysis of the founded materials.
Education for democratic values: the role of civic education for sustainable democracy in Nigeria
Ogheneakoke Edore Clifford.
The paper looked at examines education for democratic values; civic education role in promoting sustainable democracy in Nigeria. The paper discussed the role of civic education in promoting democratic values and sustaining democracy in Nigeria. It looked at the challenges militating effective democracy in Nigeria. These challenges are corruption, political violence and assassinations, God fatherism, electoral malpractice, ethnicity, poverty, greed, and favoritism. It also discusses the role of civic education in developing the right types of values for a sustainable democracy in Nigeria. Some suggestions were made and these include: The curriculum of civic education should emphasize teachers and students’ active participation in activities such as voting supporting, exchange of peaceful political power and accepting defeat without violence.
Diagnostic effectiveness of CBCT in Mandibular imaging a systematic review
1. Abhinaya LM 2. Arvind Muthukrishnan
Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of cone beam computed tomography and two-dimensional imaging modalities in mandible. Objectives: To identify, compare and assess the accuracy of the imaging modalities to diagnose anatomical structures, its variations and pathological conditions seen in the mandible. Data sources and search methods: Electronic search of the following database was performed: PubMed – Mesh, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, science direct, Google scholar and hand search. Articles were selected if there was a comparison between the imaging modalities and confined to the mandible. The electronic and hand search of studies published until December 2020, yielded a total of 9 meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Review methods: Data extraction and collection from the included studies was conducted by the primary author and reviewed by the second author. Conclusion: Literature based evidence states that cone beam CT has a better diagnostic effectiveness over two-dimensional imaging. Hence, a proper benefit to risk ratio must be carried out prior to requisition of the imaging modality.
Implications of agricultural extension workers (AEWS) in the implementation of agricultural extension modalities amidst Covid-19 pandemic
Nerilyn J. Victoria
The study aimed to determine the constraints of Agricultural Extension Workers (AEWs) in the implementation of agricultural extension modalities amidst COVID-19 in selected municipalities of Bulacan. The researcher used descriptive research method using survey. The survey method was used to gather needed information/data and was conducted through Google form. Most of the respondents were young adults and majority were married. Agricultural extension workers have educational attainment of college graduate and most of them are permanent with less than 5 years in service. Based on the outcome of this study, agricultural extension workers faced the fear of valued farmers to be infected by COVID-19. Due to this fear, farmers tend to avoid meetings and trainings as well. Local Government Units also interfered to limit group meetings to prevent the spread of the disease thereby executing lockdown. Lack of transportation facilities supplies, and materials also became a hindrance for an agricultural extension worker to render his/her service.
MENU