The Potential Effects of Violence on Stadium and Expected Role of Sport Media in Football
1 Girma Reta; 2 Dr. Kesatie Legesse; 3 Dr. Theodros Berhanu; 4 Dr. Hailay Gebretinsae
This research investigates the dynamics of sport violence in Premier League football clubs in Ethiopia, focusing on the communication gaps among key stakeholders, including clubs, fans, and the Ethiopian Football Federation. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines qualitative interviews with club officials, alongside quantitative surveys distributed to a broader audience of football supporters, players, security personnel, fans, and sports journalists.Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyse the data obtained.Descriptive statistics such as mean, percentages and standard deviation were employed to summaries the data obtained from the respondents. The largest age group among respondents is 18-25 years, comprising 38.3% of the total. This suggests that younger adults are more likely to attend football events, indicating a strong interest in football among this demographic. The potential challenge of football violence are death with mean of 2.73 (SD ± 1.36), Major Injuries with mean of 3.46 (SD ± 1.38), Minor Injuries with mean of 3.80 (SD ± 1.37), Climate of Fear with mean of 3.61 (SD ± 1.29), Players Unable to Use Potential Fully with mean of 3.33 (SD ± 1.40), Biased decision of referee due to Shout with mean of 3.65 (SD ± 1.30), Program Fallacy with mean of 3.82 (SD ± 1.33). The result also revealed that there is Poor Communication Channels of Stakeholders and Premier League Clubs with mean value of 3.22 (SD ± 1.38), Poor Interrelationship Between Football Federation and Clubs with mean value of 3.33 (SD ± 1.37). sport media not playing a major role in awareness with mean value of 3.38 (SD ± 1.45). Sports Journalists Exaggerating While Reporting with mean value of 3.26 (SD ± 1.42), Stereotypical Communication of Fans Through social media with mean value of 3.86 (SD ± 1.25) The findings reveal significant deficiencies in the dissemination of FIFA laws and policies to fans, leading to misunderstandings that contribute to violent incidents during matches. Additionally, the study uncovers strained relationships between clubs and their supporters, driven by a lack of engagement and transparency. Biased media coverage further exacerbates tensions, often sensationalizing conflicts rather than fostering understanding. While there is a recognized need for specialized sports journalism to address these issues, it remains underprioritized compared to other pressing challenges within the sport. The structured interviews with experts and stakeholders yielded the following key findings for instance increased fear and discomfort among fans, particularly during matches involving rival teams, the interviews revealed a fragmented relationship among stakeholders (security personnel, coaching staff, and spectators),Media outlets should Promote responsible journalism that avoids sensationalism.Overall, the research underscores the critical need for improved communication strategies and collaborative efforts among stakeholders to mitigate violence and promote a respectful sporting culture in Ethiopian football.
Domestic Government Policies and Development of Home-Based Businesses in South-East, Nigeria
1 Nnamani Anthonia Nkiruka; 2 V.A Onodugo; 3 Akwari, Wisdom AK; 4 Anyanwu, Kingsley N
The study examined the effect of Domestic Government Policies on the Development of Home-Based Businesses in South-East Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: determine the effect of taxation policies on the survival rate of home-based businesses in South-East, Nigeria; assess the effect of access to government grants/subsidies on the profitability of home-based business; ascertain the effect of ease of doing business on business sustainability among home-based entrepreneurs. The study adopted survey research design. The population of the study was infinite. Cochran’s sample size formula for determining infinite population was used to determine the sample size of 385 for the study. The study also adopted stratified sampling technique to reach out to different strata using structured questionnaire. The research instrument was content validated by 5 experts in both the academia (3) and home -based business operators (2). The study adopted content validity to validate the research instrument. Both test-retest analysis and Cronbach’s Alpha Statistic were used to test the reliability of the instrument, of which the results were more than 70%. The primary data collected were subjected to statistical test using ordinal logistic regression analysis with the aid of SPSS. Findings revealed that: taxation policies had a significant effect on the survival rate of home-based businesses in South-East Nigeria, access to government grants/subsidies had a significant effect on the profitability of home-based businesses, ease of doing business had a significant effect on business sustainability among home-based entrepreneurs. The study therefore concluded that domestic government policies had a significant effect on the development of home-based businesses in South-East Nigeria. The study, among others, recommended that government should introduce simplified and lower tax regimes tailored for home-based businesses to improve their survival rates.
A Retrospective Study of 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Predicting OSA in Hypertensive Patients
1 Dr Gaddam Venkata Mohan; 2 Dr. Vijay Kumar Chennamchetty; 3 Dr Vadde Vijaya Lakshmi; 4 Dr Ravella Madhuri; 5 Dr Senapathi Lavanya; 6 Dr Lakhinena Anusha
Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is a common but under diagnosed condition among hypertensive individuals. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM), particularly dipping pattern analysis, may serve as a valuable tool in predicting the presence of OSA. Aim: The present study aimed to assess the utility of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) as a predictor of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in hypertensive patients. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of dippers and non-dippers based on 24-hour ABPM and to evaluate the association between these dipping patterns and OSA severity, as measured by the Apnoea-Hypopnea Index (AHI). Additionally, the study aimed to assess the relationship between daytime sleepiness, quantified using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and dipping status. Finally, the study sought to determine whether AHI could independently predict non-dipping status through logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 91 hypertensive patients who underwent both 24-hour ABPM and sleep study (polysomnography). Dipping patterns were categorized into dippers and non-dippers based on nocturnal systolic BP fall. OSA severity was assessed using Apnoea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), and daytime sleepiness was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Statistical analysis included t-tests, ANOVA, ROC curves, and logistic regression. Results: Among the 91 patients, 62.7% were non-dippers and 37.3% were dippers. The mean AHI was significantly higher in non-dippers (16.47 ± 10.28) compared to dippers (12.05 ± 8.79) (p = 0.040). ESS scores were also significantly elevated among non-dippers (10.76 ± 3.26 vs. 8.75 ± 2.75, p = 0.003). ROC analysis showed that AHI could predict non-dipping status with an AUC of 0.621 overall, and 0.814 for the mild OSA subgroup (AHI 5–15). Logistic regression confirmed AHI as an independent predictor of non-dipping (p = 0.043, OR = 1.049). Gender-wise comparisons revealed greater sleepiness burden in male non-dippers. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that non-dipping status is significantly associated with increased OSA severity and daytime sleepiness in hypertensive patients. AHI was found to be an independent predictor of non-dipping status. Integrating ABPM with routine sleep assessment can improve early detection of OSA in hypertensive individuals and facilitate timely intervention.
Class Tardiness among Senior High School Students
Cherrie Mae M. Manuel1, Merline L. Ignas2, Rufina T. Cas-oy3
Punctuality is a key factor in academic success, yet class tardiness remains a common issue in many educational institutions. This study assesses class tardiness among senior high school students for the school year 2023 to 2024. It aims to arrive at a clearer understanding of this matter by looking into the contributory factors of class tardiness in the areas of emotional, class atmosphere, teacher-related, peer-group, and family factors. The study employed a qualitative method using phenomenology for in-depth understanding. The participants of the study were eleven (11) students from Grade 11 and Grade 12 who incurred frequent class tardiness during the first semester of the said school year. Results showed that there are indeed various factors contributing to student tardiness. For emotional factors, lack of enthusiasm, isolation and disconnection, and nervousness were identified. For classroom atmosphere, it was cold and uninspiring, chaotic, and tension. For teacher-related factors, these are tardy, absent, and lenient teachers. For peer-group factors, it is disruptive peers and toxic classmates. For family factors, these are family duty and obligation, and family conflict and issues. And, other factors mentioned, are gap-filled schedule, transportation inconvenience, and working night shift. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that class tardiness in the senior high school is influenced by multiple factors. By tackling the root causes of tardiness, educational institutions can create a more disciplined, productive, and engaging learning environment. Hence, understanding these contributing factors is essential in developing effective strategies to reduce tardiness and promote punctuality among students.
Audit Committee and Financial Reporting Quality of Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria (2013 - 2022)
Ezeonu, Nneka Augusta1; Emengini, Steve Emeka1; Okey-Okoro, Cyprian2; Alajekwu, Udoka Bernard3; Chukwunwike, Onyekachi David1
The study investigated the effect of audit committee characteristics on financial reporting quality (FRQ) of non-financial firms in Nigeria and the moderating effect of audit quality (AQ) in this relationship. Five audit characteristics selected for the study are audit committee busyness (ACB), audit committee gender diversity (ACGD), audit committee competence (ACC), audit committee size (ACS), and audit committee independence (ACI). It employed a correlational research design based on panel data generated from the annual reports and statements of accounts of quoted non-financial firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group, spanning 2013 to 2022. A sample of 67 firms were selected from 106 quoted non-financial firms using the Taro Yamani formula. The quantile regression was employed in data analysis. The results showed that: ACB had no significant effect on FRQ across all quantiles, ACGD showed negative impacts on FRQ, especially for firms with lower financial reporting standards. ACC and ACI had a heterogeneous and insignificant effects on FRQ at all quantiles, whereas ACS had positive influence on FRQ in firms with higher reporting standards, but less significant impacts for firms with lower standards. The moderating effects of audit quality on these relationships is pronounced in ACGD and ACS necessitating improvement in the FRQ for of ACGD in firms with lower financial reporting standards, but dampens the positive effect of ACS in firms with higher reporting standards. The study recommends that a holistic governance approach that integrates audit quality with other audit committee characteristics, is apt for improving the financial reporting outcomes, at least for the non-financial firms. It is thus recommended that enhancing gender diversity qualifications, strengthening regulatory oversight of audits, and promoting auditor competence and independence are sound policies that would improve FRQ in Nigerian firms.
Smart and Sustainable Rural Frontiers- A Literature Review of Border Villages of Punjab
Amandeep Bhatti1, Dr. Renu Bhardwaj2, Dr. Neeta Raj Sharma3
Introduction: Borders serve as geographical boundaries that define the political or legal limits of a region. Villages situated near these boundaries are referred to as border villages. Punjab, in particular, shares a long stretch of international border with Pakistan. Despite their strategic and developmental significance, these areas have received limited attention. Problem: A survey of the available literature indicates that considerable research has been conducted on issues such as environmental conditions, socio-economic development, rural infrastructure, and soil and water quality across Punjab. However, these studies often overlook the specific challenges and conditions faced by villages located in the border districts. Methodology: To bridge this research gap, an in-depth review of literature was conducted, examining a number of research and review papers on the Smart Village Concept, rural development, border-specific issues, and socio-economic challenges. The objective was to evaluate the applicability and potential of adopting the Smart Village framework in the border villages of Punjab. Findings: The findings highlight that many villages have significant limitations in basic infrastructure, healthcare, education, employment opportunities, and environmental consciousness and ineffective implementation of rural development schemes. Most existing studies lack a comprehensive and integrated perspective, and there is a noticeable paucity of reliable, research data focused specifically on border villages. This survey aims to focus on a holistic approach that changes these villages into smart and self-reliant communities.
"De-dollarisation and the Global Economy: Strategic Transformations and Societal Impacts in a Changing Financial Order"
Dr. Pinki Rai
DE-dollarization is the planned process by which countries become less reliant on the U.S. dollar for commerce, finance, and managing their reserves. The dollar has always been the most important currency in the world, but wars, economic sanctions, and the desire for monetary autonomy have sped up the process of getting away from the dollar and establishing a multipolar world. This study looks at the dollar's historical dominance, starting with the Bretton Woods Agreement and concludes with the start of the petrodollar system. It looks at the main reasons that affect de-dollarisation, such as geopolitical conflict, economic diversity, and new technologies like central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). To understand how countries are de-dollarizing, we look at several strategic techniques, like trading in local currencies, diversifying reserves, and using other payment systems. Ultimately, the paper highlights the impact of de-dollarisation on the common people of the affected nations. Case studies of Russia, China, Iran, India and the European Union show how these strategies work and what they mean for trade and financial stability around the world. It is unlikely that the world will completely stop using the dollar in the foreseeable future, but the move toward a multipolar currency system is speeding up. The research studies that dedollarization might change how the world economy is run, weaken the impact of U.S. monetary policy, and change the flow of capital around the world. Because of this, it is important for governments, investors, and academics to all understand where it is going and what it means.This research shows the effect of dedollarization on common citizens and looks intothe future.
Efficacy of Individualized Homeopathic Medicine in Managing Anxiety Disorders in Youth: A Clinical Perspective Based on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale
1Dr. Deepmala, 2Dr. Poonam Singh
Background: Anxiety disorders are prevalent among youth and are often under diagnosed or undertreated due to stigma, side effects of conventional medications, and lack of accessible mental health services. There is increasing interest in complementary therapies such as homeopathy, known for its individualized and non-toxic approach. Objective: To evaluate the potential role of individualized homeopathic treatment in managing anxiety disorders in youth, using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) as a standardized tool for outcome assessment. Methods: A prospective, observational study involving youth aged 12–18 diagnosed with anxiety disorders. Individualized homeopathic remedies were prescribed following classical principles, and outcomes were assessed using HAM-A scores over 8–12 weeks. Results: Significant reductions in HAM-A scores were observed across both psychic and somatic domains. Patients reported improved emotional regulation, reduced anticipatory fears, and better sleep patterns, without adverse effects. Conclusion: Homeopathic intervention may serve as an effective, safe adjunctive treatment for anxiety disorders in adolescents. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to validate its clinical efficacy and long-term outcomes.
Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Management Plan for Technical Risks in Defence R&D Projects
1 Prem Y Borse, 2 Nilesh Ware
Defence Research and Development (R & D) projects are riskier and costlier because of their interdisciplinary nature as well as complexities involved with these projects. A review of literature suggests that various risks are associated with defence R & D projects, however, in all the risks, technical risk is considered as crucial due to the way this risk impacts the final outcome of defence R & D project. It is therefore important to understand what makes technical risk so important than other risks in defence R & D projects. This study involves comprehensive analysis of literature to understand different types of risks associated with defence R & D projects, definition of technical risks, risk management plan for technical risks with a special emphasis on identification and mitigation of these risks. This study also explores the literature for possible understanding about importance of technical risks compared to other risks and tools and techniques utilized for identification of technical risks, with a special focus on Design Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (DFMEA) methodology. Indian defence scenario is considered to understand different types of projects and risks while conducting comprehensive analysis of technical risk.
Community Participation in Conservation of Cultural Heritage and Tourism Development in the Historic Churches of South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia
1Molla Nigus Argaw; 2Alemseged Beldados; 3Tania Tribe; 4 Endalkachew Teshome
Local communities, as custodians of heritage resources and Indigenous Knowledge Systems, should play a central role in passing down their heritage, especially to younger generations, and in utilizing it for the development of cultural heritage tourism.This study aimed to investigate communityparticipation in the conservation of cultural heritage and tourism development in the historic churches of South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. A mixed-methods approach was utilized, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. The study drew on a combination of primary and secondary data sources. Primary data included self-administered questionnaires distributed to 268 participants, along with semi-structured interviews with 16 key informants, three focus group discussions with 18 participants, in addition to field observations. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, while qualitative data were using content analysis.The findings revealed that community participation was a successful model for heritage conservation and tourism development, and the majority of monastic communities saw the conservation of heritage resources as significant. However, several barriers exist, including operational barriers (unwillingness of stakeholders to share power, centralization of public administration, and lack of information), structural barriers (elite domination, lack of financial resources, professional attitudes, and absence of an appropriate legal system), and cultural barriers (limited capacity of poor people, and apathy and low awareness in the local community.
Community Perspectives on Sustainable Tourism Development: Potentials and Challenges of the Osun-Osogbo Grove
1Janet Temitope Asifat; 2Elizabeth A. Akintade; 1Adebukola Oluwatosin Ohuneni & 1Esther Olayemi Bamise
This study examines the community perspectives of the potentials and challenges of sustainable tourism development at the Osun Osogbo Sacred Grove, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a major cultural tourism destination in Nigeria. A mixed-methods research design was adopted. Data were collected from 120 local residents through structured questionnaires. In-depth interviews with 20 respondents and 2 focus group discussion sessions were conducted. The study examined the grove’s perceived potentials and assessed major challenges to sustainability. Qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings reveal that the cultural and recreational potential (84%) of the grove is the most widely acknowledged. While tourism was seen to generate income and employment, especially during the Osun Osogbo Festival, challenges such as poor infrastructure (78%) and limited community involvement (38%) significantly hinder sustainable development. Chi-square analysis confirmed statistically significant relationships between sociodemographic characteristics (education, occupation, and age) and perceptions of tourism development (p < 0.05). This validates the importance of localized and inclusive planning. The results of the qualitative study indicated exclusion of ordinary community members from decision-making regarding tourism management and festival planning. The study concludes that although the Osun Osogbo Grove holds substantial potential for sustainable tourism, these benefits are unevenly realized due to institutional gaps and exclusionary governance. It recommends stronger community participation, environmental education, and a shift towards community-based tourism models to balance heritage preservation with inclusive development.
Comparative Estimation of Salivary Ph among Complete Denture, Removable and Fixed Partial Denture Wearers
1Ramya S; 2Adhithya Baskaran; 3Shamala Sivanandham; 2 Kokila Sivakumar; 4 Janani Ilango4; 2 Manisha Kumar
Salivary pH plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health and the integrity of prosthetic appliances. The type of dental prosthesis worn—complete dentures, removable, or fixed partial dentures—can influence salivary composition and pH.A total of 60 participants aged between 30 to 60 years were categorized into three groups: Group 1 – complete denture wearers (n = 20), Group 2 – fixed partial denture wearers (n = 20), and Group 3 – removable partial denture wearers (n = 20). Unstimulated whole saliva was collected and pH levels were evaluated using salivary pH indicator strips. A statistically significant difference in mean pH levels was observed across the three groups (P = 0.019). However, the duration of denture use alone did not show statistical significance (P = 0.054). When the duration of usage was correlated with pH values across the groups, the association was statistically significant (P = 0.043).The study revealed that variations in salivary pH exist among the different denture-wearing groups and these are influenced by the duration of prosthesis use. Regular monitoring of salivary pH may aid in improving oral health among denture users.
Organization and Coaching Practices of Women Football Participant in Premier League Clubs of Ethiopia
1 Alem Worku, 2Dr.Kesatie Legesse, 3 Dr. Laake Reda; 4 Dr.Abebe Ejigu
The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges and perspectives of women football premier league clubs of Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study design was used. Total populations of the study was 478 players, 34 Coaches, 20 Club managers, 41 Referees and 2 Federation managers, from the total population, 373 samples was taken by the researcher as the subjects. Questionnaire, Interview, Training session observation with cheek list and Document analysis was used as data collection instruments for data collection. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as mean, standard deviation, percentage and frequency was used to analyze weather basic facilities and essential equipment’s fulfilled or not and to identify if there was lack of financial, well organized planning and grass roots level. Correlation was also used to test main challenges and perspectives that face women football clubs to be successful. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level. The result shows that players have strong family support, and substantial barriers related to funding, facilities, coaching development, and organizational structures present, coaching strategies focusing on individual learning styles, pass variation, and communication are highly effective. Skill recall and error correction strategies are perceived as moderately effective, but there is a significant need for improvement in the strategies related to practice encouragement and basic skill development. The resource constraints facing female football clubs like The lack of basic infrastructure (fields, equipment, and changing facilities), along with financial and organizational challenges, seriously hinders the development and growth of the sport. The findings reveal significant challenges hindering the effectiveness of coaching in women's football clubs across multiple areas; financial planning, societal attitudes, administrative support, coaching expertise, facilities, player attitudes, and skilled personnel the mean scores consistently indicate substantial shortcomings and strongly suggest that improving coaching effectiveness requires a comprehensive strategy addressing both systemic issues (funding, facilities, administrative support) and individual/team-level factors (player attitudes, coach training).
Contours of Catastrophe: Exploring Trauma, Gender, and Marginality in the Literary Cartographies of Partition
Jyoti Tripathi
The Partition of India in 1947 was not merely a geopolitical rupture but a cataclysm of enduring psychological, cultural, and gendered trauma. This paper explores the multidimensional impact of Partition through the literary lens of Bapsi Sidhwa’s Ice-Candy-Man (Cracking India), The Crow Eaters, and the Pakistani Bride, with particular focus on the marginalized Parsi perspective. Drawing on feminist, postcolonial, and trauma theories, the study examines how Sidhwa reclaims Partition history by centering the voices of women, children, religious minorities, and the disabled. It investigates how communal violence, sexual brutality, forced migration, and the collapse of pluralistic coexistence are rendered through narrative strategies such as the use of a child narrator, symbolic imagery, and polyphonic storytelling. By portraying the Parsi community’s neutrality, the gendered commodification of women, and the intergenerational transmission of trauma, Sidhwa’s fiction emerges as counter-history—challenging hegemonic narratives and institutional complicity. Ultimately, this paper positions Sidhwa’s work as a vital ethical and literary intervention that confronts historical amnesia and affirms storytelling as an act of resistance and remembrance.
Fintech Innovations and Sustainable Development in Nigeria
1 Emmanuel Olayinka Oluwaseye; 2 Alexander Ehimare Omankhanlen; 3 Benjamin Ighodalo Ehikioya
The research investigated how fintech innovations could aid Nigeria’s sustainable development. The study utilised primary data through survey questionnaire shared to FinTech operators in Nigeria duly registered with the FinTech Association of Nigeria. The research further used the structural equation model to analyzed the sourced data. Results showed that Fintech can contribute to SDG8 by enabling digital payments, remittances, and quick access to finance. Also, fintech can help boost innovation. This study recommended that fintech companies should focus on creating products/services that will directly support job creation as one of their sustainable goals.
Empirical Analysis of the Igbo Apprenticeship System: A Model for Effective Entrepreneurial and Skill Development
1Festus Onyegbula Ekechi; 2 May Ifeoma Nwoye
This empirical study investigates the Igbo apprenticeship model, an indigenous framework deeply rooted in the cultural traditions of the Igbo people of Nigeria, and its pivotal role in fostering entrepreneurship development and skills acquisition. Amid multidimensional challenges of poverty, unemployment, and economic stagnation, the research underscores the critical importance of nurturing innovative entrepreneurial ecosystems and cultivating a skilled workforce.Adopting a quantitative approach, the study surveyed 287 business owners across the five states of the South East region - Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo. Rigorous measures ensured reliability and validity, including a four-point Likert scale and a response rate of 82.5%.The findings unveil the profound impact of the Igbo apprenticeship model. Regression analyses revealed a significant positive relationship between the model and entrepreneurship development (β = 0.843, t = 11.015, p < 0.05), with the model accounting for 61.3% of the variation. Similarly, a substantial positive effect was observed on skills acquisition (β = 0.623, t = 9.956, p < 0.05), explaining 46.5% of the variation.The study concludes that the Igbo apprenticeship model is a powerful indigenous framework for fostering entrepreneurship and skills development. While addressing challenges such as standardization, educational integration, and adaptability, key policy recommendations include establishing regulatory frameworks, fostering academic-industry collaborations, incorporating digital technologies, providing financial incentives, and promoting cross-cultural knowledge exchange.
Ai Assisted Mediation - A Technological Advancements in Ai-Based Dispute Resolution
1 Dipankar Sharma, 2 Dr. Aditi Choudhary
Artificial Intelligence s increasingly being integrated into Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) processes, with the potential to revolutionise the way disputes are managed, facilitating more efficient, accessible, fair, and scalable resolution. AI technologies, and particularly Natural Language Processing and sentiment analysis, provide algorithmic neutrality across datasets, change the timeframe of analysis to real time and allow complex human interactions to be analyzed before settlement. It elaborates on the benefits of AI in ADR such as simplifying processes, cutting costs, data-driven insights leading to better decision making and optimal Online Dispute Resolution platforms. The paper seamlessly highlights the potential of a combined approach, acknowledging that while AI is a poor replacement for human mediators, it can work just as effectively alongside them when combining its analytical might with the empathy and emotional intelligence humans possess. This chapter reviews the existing AI-assisted mediation system in India including the proactive approach in the implementation of Online Dispute Resolution by the country. The paper also explores significant legal and ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI in ADR, including issues of accountability, bias, privacy of data, along with the necessity for transparency and adequacy of regulatory mechanisms. Finally, it considers the future – potential integrations with blockchain, customized AI solutions, a model for standardized deployments globally, and the need for ADR practitioners to reskill to thrive in this new territory. The version of dispute resolution in the future will be more efficient, inclusive and fairer powered by a ethical strategic approach of AI applications.
Cybercrime Investigation: Modern Trends, Challenges, and the Role of Digital Evidence
1 Manisha Ambawta, 2 Dr. Aditi Choudhary
The proliferation of information and communication technologies has ignited an explosion in cybercrime, posing novel challenges to law enforcement globally. This paper discusses emerging trends in cybercrime investigation, with emphasis on leading-edge tools like artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain analysis, and digital forensics. Encrypted platforms, anonymity networks, and emerging technologies are increasingly used by cybercriminals to remain undetected, calling for advanced countermeasures. Some of the key challenges are jurisdictional conflicts, lack of standardized processes, insufficient digital capability among investigators, and privacy concerns. Digital evidence volatile and susceptible to tampering requires stringent chain-of-custody procedures for ensuring court admissibility. Leaning on an interdisciplinary approach, this study draws on technological, legal, and policy perspectives to assess investigative models. Case studies in India (e.g., online job scams, ATM skimming) and international cases highlight successes and gaps. Findings point to the necessity of specialized cybercrime units, cross-border coordination, and law reforms. A strategic roadmap is offered, integrating technology adoption, international cooperation, and capacity building to counter cybercrime while safeguarding human rights and data integrity. This paper contributes to the literature on effective cybercrime investigation, with actionable recommendations to stakeholders.
Morphometric Analysis of Femoral Condyles in Dry Human Femur - A Cross Sectional Observational Study
1 Dr. B. Narayana Rao; 2Dr. V. Vinila
Introduction: The human knee is a complex synovial joint involving the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia and patella. Common knee joint surgeries for osteoarthritis typically include replacement surgeries, osteotomies to address degenerative changes, and implant fixations for trauma. So for designing various prostheses and implants, morphometric data and cross-sectional analysis of femoral condyles are very important. Aim: To analyze morphometric data of various dimensions of femoral condyles by direct method to measure variations between the right femur and the left femur. Materials and methods: One hundred two dry adult femurs of unknown sex are selected with respect to femoral condyles measured for bicondylar width, anteroposterior diameter of both medial femoral condyles and lateral femoral condyles, the transverse diameter of both medial femoral and lateral femoral condyles, and intercondylar notch width index. All the dimensions of the right femur and left femurs are measured by digital vernier caliper, and statistical analysis of data has been done by mean, SD, and P-value using an independent T-test. Results: Average bicondylar width is 72.1 ± 4.52; average anteroposterior distance of both medial and lateral condyles is 56.5 ± 4.50 and 57.25 ± 3.77; average transverse distance of both medial and lateral condyles is 24.75 ± 3.01 and 25.05 ± 2.93; and average intercondylar notch width is 16.3 ± 3.96. In the study there were no much observable differences between right-side and left-side measurements. Conclusion: The data was collected using a direct method and analyzed. This data will throw light on the knowledge of various femoral condyles, which will help in designing the prostheses and implants for better results of total knee replacement surgeries and osteotomies.
Anatomical Study and Clinical Importance of Pharyngeal Tubercle and Surrounding Extracranial Structures
1Adabala N. V. V. Veerraju; 2Kurugundla Sireesha
Introduction: Knowledge of the anatomy of the base of the skull is very important in selecting the surgical approach for craniovertebral junction tumors. Extracranially, the pharyngeal tubercle is a key landmark for dissection of soft tissues around the clivus. Therefore the distance of the pharyngeal tubercle, located in the center of this region, to various anatomical structures around it is crucial in selecting the surgical approach. Though this region is very important, the studies available are insufficient. Hence, the current study needs to evaluate this area in morphometric detail. Aim: The study aims to measure the distance of various anatomical structures to the pharyngeal tubercle and highlight their clinical importance. Materials and methods: Fifty-six adult dry skulls of unknown age and sex without any structural abnormalities were examined. The pharyngeal tubercle was used as a landmark from which distance was measured from various anatomical structures around it using digital vernier calipers. Results: The width of the pars basalis and the closest distance of the pharyngeal tubercle to the opisthion, basion, external occipital protuberance, occipital condyles, carotid canal, styloid process, stylomastoid foramen, mastoid process, and ala of vomer were recorded. The differences observed between the right and the left side measurements are not statistically significant, as the p-values observed were > 0.05. Conclusion: The distance of the pharyngeal tubercle to the right and left anatomical structures was symmetrical in all the skulls examined. The knowledge of the morphometry of the base of the skull will help to select the approach during neurosurgical interventions.
Emerging Markets in Africa; Concept, Indicators, Opportunities and Challenges
1Anoke, Amechi Fabian; 2Eze Solomon Uchechukwu; 3Okoye, Nwamaka Jane Frances
For years, the world has viewed Africa through a narrow lens, often referred to as the "dark continent," symbolizing poverty, conflict, and underdevelopment, among other issues. This perception overshadowed the continent's vast natural resources, active youthful population, cultural richness, and strategic economic potential hidden in the treasured land. Recently, however, Africa has rapidly emerged as a global investment hub, drawing interest and attention from major world powers and multinational companies eager to tap into its untapped markets, abundant human and materials resources, and rapidly growing consumer base within the continent. With current advancements in technology, regional integration, and economic reforms, Africa is positioned to play a central role in driving global economic growth in the coming decades; despite persistent challenges such as infrastructural gap, governance unreliable policies, and socio-political instability therein. The continent's resilience and potential position have made it a key player in shaping the global economy now and in years to come.
A Systematic Review of Deposit Money Bank Performance and Financial Technology in Africa
1Pascal Nkwodimmah; 2Ochei Ikpefan; 3Folasade Adegboye
Financial inclusion has been greatly influenced by the rise in popularity and use of financial technologies (Fin Tech). This innovative drive has been influenced by the financial services sector across several economies, especially the commercial deposit money banks. While there has been great progress and successes concerning the benefit of financial technology to the banking industry in developed countries such as the UK, China and the USA, the same may not been exact in Africa. This Study employs a Meta-Analysis-powered Systematic Review of contemporary and relevant literature that has assessed the influence of Financial Technologies on the Performance, Profitability and Growth of deposit money banks in Africa using the PRISMA guide. This research makes use of key parameters for the assessment of Fin Tech and extracts key insights concerning determinants of the Performance of banks examined by these empirical studies. Fourteen articles were successfully harvested and reviewed from three high-impact journal database outlets in Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus, covering fifteen years (January 2014 to April 2024). The Findings from the review study showed that financial technology has a positive influence on the performance of banks in Africa.
A Comparative Study and Practical Insights into Sino-Korean Enterprise Management Models under East Asian Culture: From the Perspectives of Business Ethics and Organizational Efficiency
Wang Shuyi
Against the backdrop of East Asian cultural integration, Sino-Korean enterprises, as two pivotal economic entities in the region, have developed distinct management models shaped by shared cultural roots (e.g., Confucianism) and unique institutional contexts. This study conducts a comparative analysis of Sino-Korean enterprise management models from the dual perspectives of business ethics and organizational efficiency. By integrating qualitative case studies (e.g., Huawei vs. Samsung, Haier vs. LG) and quantitative secondary data analysis, it explores how East Asian cultural values influence ethical decision-making, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and operational mechanisms in both contexts. The findings reveal that Chinese enterprises tend to emphasize flexibility in business ethics (rooted in "guanxi" networks) and market-driven efficiency, while Korean enterprises prioritize systematic ethical norms (aligned with hierarchical discipline) and long-term R&D-oriented efficiency. Practical insights are derived to inform cross-learning: Chinese enterprises can strengthen formalized ethical systems, while Korean enterprises may enhance market responsiveness. This research enriches the understanding of East Asian management paradigms and provides actionable references for Sino-Korean corporate collaboration.
Poverty and Wood Fuel: The Implication on Global Warming in Nigeria
1Johnson Olaoye Oloyede; 2Saliu Adeniyi; 3Akin Oloketuyi; 4Oluwaseun Princess Okemiji
It was initially observed that lumbering, farming, mining and constructions are the only factors of deforestation in Nigeria today evidence has shown that it is more than the phenomena itemized. Poverty does not only devastate human beings, but also ravaging our green environment or forest. Source of energy for domestic use for people above 56% below poverty line are both fuel wood or charcoal. This research work is an empirical study with its main objective which is to succinctly show how poverty annihilate forest which triggers environmental heat. Other objectives are to: find out the relationship between poverty and deforestation, and to examine the corresponding pattern of increase between poverty and deforestation and the environmental heat. Authors used both primary and secondary data, questionnaire was drawn to elicit information from sampled population and existing data culled from the internet was also used. Data on temperature was also sourced from NIMET, these data were analyzed using Special Package for Social Sciences, correlation and regression analyses were employed. The result showed strong correlation of poverty and deforestation and there is significant relationship. Recommend actions were later advanced which are: promoting clean energy access, reafforestation programmes, poverty alleviation programmes, policy enforcement, and investment in rural electrification etc., for immediate solution to poverty and de-vegetation so as to have a safe haven.
IoT Based Real Time ECG Monitoring and Analysis Using Machine Learning
1Charles Stud Angalakurthi; 2Riyaz Hussain Shaik; 3Shyam Perika; 4Amulya Bhanu Medida; 5Venkateswara Rao Kankata; 6Sekhar Vempati
The incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in contemporary healthcare has transformed various facets of the medical landscape. A proposal has been created for an ECG system that employs an IoT platform to improve ECG monitoring systems. Historically, ECG monitoring was confined to cumbersome equipment, restricting mobility and real-time observation possibilities. The emergence of IoT has initiated a new epoch, providing improved portability and immediate data transmission. Implementing structured development environments facilitates the production of economical ECG monitoring devices, ensuring seamless data transmission to cloud-based platforms. These solutions offer a strong infrastructure for the real-time storage, visualization, and analysis of ECG data. Their interaction with IoT devices guarantees continuous data transmission and remote access through the internet. Furthermore, they provide an array of analytical instruments and visualization methodologies, enabling healthcare professionals to effectively derive significant findings. Utilizing adaptable analytical instruments facilitates the creation of sophisticated algorithms for anomaly detection and trend analysis. Data from these platforms can be retrieved for comprehensive analysis, encompassing heart rate variability (HRV) evaluations and arrhythmia detection. Moreover, integrating SMS warnings for irregular ECG values improves the response of healthcare systems. Automated SMS alerts can be activated upon identifying irregularities, notifying healthcare practitioners or specified receivers, so enabling swift intervention and minimizing response times in crucial scenarios. Consequently, the convergence of IoT technology, cloud platforms, and SMS notifications transforms ECG monitoring. This integration enables health care providers to offer proactive, individualized care, resulting in improved patient outcomes and enhanced quality of life. Moreover, it establishes a basis for pioneering research and advancements in cardiac health management, influencing the future of cardiovascular care.
Developing a Best Practice through Synergy between Technical Vocational Education and Training and Local Technologies for Sustainable National Security
1Adedej I, Soji. Aderemi Ph.D ; 2Engr.Oyedoja, Kayode Oyeniyi. 3Ganthonu, Joel Olorunrinu
The interest of the researcher is to develop a best practice through Synergy between Technical, Vocational, Education and Training and Local Technologies for Sustainable National Security. Four research questions were raised for the study while a descriptive research design was adopted for the study to elicit information, opinions and feelings of the respondents. The population of the study comprised of two hundred and fifty (250) institutors, local technologies and lecturers obtained from secondary schools, Technical Colleges and Colleges of Education in the state where TVTE subjects and courses are offered for teaching. However, fifty (50) respondents were used for pilot study which was not parts of the selected population using a balloting technique. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire tagged: Developing a best practice through Synergy between Technical Vocational Education and Training and Local Technologies for Sustainable National Security Questionnaire (DBPTSBTVETLTQ) using four adopted ratings scale of Strong Agree (SA) =4 Agree (A) =3, Disagree (D) =2 and Strongly Disagree (SD) =1. The distribution of instrument was made through the help of a researcher’s assistants. The questionnaire was validated by three experts, two from measurement and evaluation and one from technical Education department of Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo. Validity of face was used for the study. A reliability coefficient of 0.87 was obtained using Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient on the instrument after test and retest conducted as a pilot in Ogun State indicating that the instrument is reliable. Mean of equal or greater than (≥) of (2.50 - 5.0 to 1) or equal or less than (≤) of (2.49 – 2.40 to 1) were adjusted alongside with percentages of response were used to indicate relative agreement or disagreement with the underlying statements as a bench mark for Agreed or Disagreed on the decision table However, the discussion of findings study, conclusion and recommendations were made base on the research findings study outcome that there should be synergy between Technical Vocational Education Training and Local Technologies in order to equip and prepare them for future challenges for a best practice and sustainable National security and also there should be assistance from Government, Communities, Industries, Labour- Union and Non-Government Organization for providing funds to purchase modern equipment and machines for effective synergy and a best practice between TVET and Local Technologies so as to be for self-reliance and for the improvement of our graduates to fit for the use of industries.
Concepts, Dimensions and Influencing Mechanisms of Food Safety Risk Perception at Home and Abroad: A Systematic Review
Li Xiaopei, Zunirah Mohd Talib
Food safety risk perception, as the public's subjective construction of potential food risks, is the key link between objective risks and consumer behavior. This paper systematically sorts out domestic and foreign research results, and reviews the conceptual connotation, multidimensional structure, influencing factors and theoretical basis of risk perception. The study found that risk perception has interdisciplinary dynamic characteristics, and its dimensions are refined as the research context expands. The influencing factors cover the interaction of individual attributes, social environment and institutional governance. The integration of psychometrics and cultural theory provides an explanatory framework for risk perception research from a micro-macro linkage perspective. Future research needs to further focus on technical intervention, cross-cultural comparison and dynamic governance strategies.
Development and Performance Analysis of Low-Cost Quartz-Based Packed Bed Filters for Sustainable Water Reuse
Nthabiseng Ramanamane, Mothibeli Pita
This study presents the development and systematic evaluation of a cost-effective quartz-based packed bed filtration system for oil-water separation, aimed at promoting sustainable water reuse. Quartz material, widely available and inexpensive, was investigated in three forms: raw, washed, and coated with hydrophobic nanoparticles. Packed bed filters were constructed and tested for their oil rejection efficiency, permeability, and surface characteristics. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and oil and grease analysis were used to assess surface morphology and separation performance. Results revealed that the raw quartz filter bed exhibited superior performance, achieving over 99.9% oil rejection with only 0.3 mg/L residual oil in the effluent. The washed and nanoparticle-coated variants showed reduced efficiency, with 122.8 mg/L and 201.2 mg/L oil content respectively. The findings highlight that unmodified quartz, due to its high silica content and favorable surface properties, offers an affordable and scalable solution for industrial wastewater treatment. This study contributes a novel approach to low-cost filtration systems that balance economic feasibility, technical efficiency, and environmental impact, positioning quartz-based packed beds as viable candidates for sustainable water recovery.
Significance of Advanced Transportation Management Systems in the Distribution of Pharmaceutical Products
1Adetayo Olaniyi Adeniran; 2Gbenga Titus Awe; 3 Kayode Olagunju; 4 Ayobami Abdulmateen Gbadegesin; 5 Olanrewaju Tolu Omigbodun
The pharmaceutical industry significantly contributes to the economic development of a nation. This study addressed the potential impacts of modern transportation management systems (TMS) on the optimization of pharmaceutical delivery, and the positives and confrontations associated with the adoption of such TMS for pharmaceutical delivery in Nigeria. This study elucidates the impacts of advanced TMS in optimizing the distribution process, overcoming confrontations, and maximizing positives for stakeholders. A narrative review approach was used, whereby data were collected from reputable academic publications, industry reports, and regulatory papers. The selection criteria were established by considering variables such as relevance, timeliness, and trustworthiness. Advanced TMS enhances route optimization, helps in monitoring real-time operations, automates documentation procedures, and enables communication with relevant parties involved. These solutions have resulted in financial savings, reduced transport durations, and enhanced product excellence. Despite the fact that the implementation of TMS offers evident benefits; there are persistent hurdles related to technology integration, training, and initial investment expenses. The advantages such as enhanced financial gains and heightened client contentment, surpasses early obstacles. Advanced TMS has emerged as a catalyst for significant changes in the pharmaceutical distribution industry in Nigeria. These systems provide innovative solutions to longstanding obstacles, therefore facilitating a more streamlined and environmentally conscious trading partnership. The stakeholders including producers, e-logistics companies, distributors, and policymakers will have the opportunity to use the findings from this evaluation to make well-informed choices pertaining to the implementation and enhancement of TMS within their respective operations.
Credit Risk Exposure and Financial Performance of Deposit Money Bank: Evidence from Empirical Review
Orisanwo Israel Oludotun (Ph.D.); Akinyomi,Oladele John (Ph.D.); Omokehinde, Joshua Odutola (Ph.D.) & Olurin, Enitan Olurotimi (Ph.D.)
This study examined the effect of credit risk exposure on the performance of selected quoted deposit money banks in developed and developing economies with reliance on previous literatures. It is pertinent to note that there is a lack of sound credit risk management which is a major limiting factor to the sustainability of the financial performance of deposit money bank not only in Nigeria but anywhere in the world. Some researchers have examined the impact of credit risk exposure on banks’ financial performance in different areas. The study reviewed empirical evidence from developed, developing and Nigeria economies, and found that majority of the findings revealed that credit risk is negatively and significantly affect the bank’s performance measured by return on assets (ROA), and few studies revealed that there is a positive relationship between credit risk and performance of deposit money banks. This study concludes that there is need to departs from current literature that evaluated the causality between credit risk and profitability by using common financial performance metrics such as ROE, ROE, NIM etc as dependent variables and Total loan to total deposit, non-performing loans to total loan, loss written of ratio etc as independent variables. The introduction of bank lending rate as a control variable is a departure from the norms of the earlier extant studies on credit risk and financial performance of deposit money bank.
Alternatives to Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain in Cytology: Exploring Fruit Ink (Dianella Nigra) and Kumkum
1 Adhithya Baskaran; 2 Abirami Murugesan; 2 Merlin Edwin; 3 Shamala Sivanandham; 4 Janani Ilango; 1 Manisha Kumar
Introduction: Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is a gold-standard method in histopathology and cytology, yet its reliance on synthetic dyes raises concerns regarding toxicity, environmental hazards, and high production costs. As a result, the scientific community is exploring sustainable, plant-based alternatives that are safe and cost-effective. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the cytological staining efficacy of two natural stains—Dianella nigra (New Zealand blueberry) fruit extract as a nuclear stain substituting hematoxylin, and Kumkum, prepared from Curcuma aromatica and slaked lime, as a cytoplasmic counterstain. Materials and Methods: Gingival and buccal smears were collected from healthy individuals, fixed in alcohol, and stained using freshly prepared Dianella nigra and Kumkum solutions. These smears were compared with conventionally stained H&E slides. Staining efficacy was evaluated using four parameters: nuclear contrast, cytoplasmic staining intensity, background clarity, and overall staining quality. Each parameter was scored on a 10-point scale, and statistical analysis was performed using an independent t-test to determine significant differences between the staining methods. Results: The H&E stained slides demonstrated significantly higher mean values across all parameters—nuclear contrast (8.96), cytoplasmic intensity (8.28), background clarity (9.17), and overall staining quality (8.76)—in comparison to the Dianella nigra and Kumkum-stained slides, which scored 5.98, 6.75, 6.30, and 6.33 respectively (p < 0.001). However, Kumkum showed promising cytoplasmic contrast and clarity, suggesting its feasibility as a potential natural eosin alternative. Conclusions: Although the natural staining combination did not match the diagnostic clarity of conventional H&E, its eco-friendly, non-toxic properties make it a valuable candidate for cytological applications, especially in resource-constrained or environmentally conscious settings. Further research focusing on optimization, formulation stability, and reproducibility is warranted to enhance its diagnostic reliability.
Oral Health Awareness and Practices among Orphanage Residents: A Descriptive Study
1 Adhithya Baskaran; 2 Vignesh Arunachalam; 3 Shamala Sivanandham; 4 Deivanayagi Muthusamy; 5 Ravisankar B; 1 Kokila Sivakumar
Oral health plays a crucial role in overall well-being, yet it is often neglected in vulnerable populations such as children in orphanages. This study assessed oral hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices among 18 male residents aged 5–15 years in a selected orphanage. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics to explore associations between oral health behaviors and dental visit history. The findings revealed that 72.2% brushed only once daily, 94.4% had never visited a dentist, and 100% were unaware of dental floss. Although 55.6% recognized the consequences of poor oral hygiene, fear and limited access remained significant barriers. The study highlights considerable gaps in oral health education and service accessibility. Targeted oral health promotion and preventive care programs are urgently needed to improve oral hygiene practices and access to care in institutionalized children.
Income as a Moderator on the Effect of Marketing Mix on Customer Loyalty among Pharmacy Outlets in Sierra Leone
1 Chikodili Nkiruka Okafor; 2 Afamefuna Anenechukwu Okafor; 3 Ijemba Ukamaka Nwabuogo; 4 Ike Nnia Mba Sr
Academics and practitioners today are paying increasing attention to the marketing mix to remain competitive. Firms need to build and enhance customer loyalty that delivers value beyond that provided by the core product. Marketing mix therefore represents a strategy for achieving distinct marketing models that could represent a competitive advantage to keep customers loyal. This study was set out to determine the moderating influence of income on the effect of marketing mix on customer loyalty among pharmacy outlets in Sierra Leone. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the main effect of each aspect of the marketing mix, namely, price mix, promotion mix, place mix and product mix, on customer loyalty, and to further establish the moderating role income plays within these main effects. The theoretical framework centred around the behavioural theory of the firm and the stimulus-organism-response theory. A survey research design was adopted for the study on a sample of 276 respondents. The regression analysis was also conducted using the Hayes mediation approach. The result showed a negative statistically significant moderating influence of income on price loyalty effect and a positive statistically significant moderating influence of income on the promotion loyalty effect, with no statistically significant moderating role of income in both places and products. The implication of these findings is that it may be beneficial for firms to think about promotional activities that would boost perception of their product when appealing to higher-income groups, rather than focusing on reducing the price of their product offering.
Ecological Entrepreneurship and Sustainability of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Enugu State Nigeria
1AGU, Okoro Agu; 2Okocha, Ebere Rejoice; 3Anyanwu, Kingsley Ndubuisi; 4Paschal, Chima Anyanwu; 5Dickson, Ben Uche; 6Anichebe Nnaemeka Augustine
The Study focuses on ecological entrepreneurship and sustainability of small and medium scale enterprises in Enugu state Nigeria, Specifically the study aimed to pursue the following objectives: to determine the effect of innovation and research development on sustainability of small and medium scale enterprises, ascertain the nature of the relationship between mentorship education and sustainability of small and medium scale enterprises and determine the effect of government policy on sustainability of small and medium scale enterprises . The study had a population size of registered small and medium scale enterprises of109which was also used as sample size. Instruments used for data collection were primary questionnaires and interview. The total number of 109` copies of the questionnaire were distributed while 87 copies were properly filled/returned & used while 22 copies were not properly filled. Survey research design was adopted for the study. Three hypotheses were tested using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and simple linear regression tool. The findings indicated that Innovation and research development have significant positive effect on sustainability of small and medium scale enterprises. There was a positive relationship between mentorship education and sustainability of small and medium scale enterprises. Government policy had a significant effect on sustainability of small and medium scale enterprises. The study recommends that owners of small and medium scale enterprises should alway go for industrial training in order to embrace and update with the current innovation and knowledge to be ahead of other competitors and be safe from environmental turbulent
Evaluating the Influence of Strategic Mapping on the Academic Performance of Federal Universities in South-East Nigeria
1Onu Johnson Ejike; 2Chukwu Benjamin Ibe; 3Kamalu Adamu Mohammed
The study's main objective was to assess the effect of strategic mapping on the academic performance of federal universities in South-East, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study areto assess the effect of vision statement clarity on accreditation status in federal universities in South-East Nigeria and to determine the effect of performance metrics on teaching quality in federal universities in South-East Nigeria.The study adopted a survey research design. The target population of this study consists of the management staff and academic staff of the seven (7) selected federal universities in South-East, Nigeria, with a population of 8131. A sample of 382 was determined using Taro Yamane’ssample determination formula. Quantitative data for the study were collected through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were analysed using simple percentages, mean, standard deviation, skewness, and charts using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Simple linear regression was used to test the hypothetical relationship between the study variables with the help of IBM SPSS version 25.0 Software. The findings revealed that the clarity of the vision statement and performance metrics had a positive and significant influence on the accreditation status and teaching quality, respectively. Thus, the study recommended that Clear and well-communicated vision statements should be integrated into institutional policies, strategic plans, and operational frameworks. Also, the study recommended that the Federal Ministry of Education and the National Universities Commission (NUC) should develop standardized performance metrics to assess teaching quality across universities.
Exploring the Nexus between Economic Growth, Energy Access and Population Dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa
1David Adebisi Samuel; 2Enitan Grace Wale-Odunaiya; 3Raymond Osi Alenoghena; 4Abayomi Oluwaseun Japinye
This study examines the dynamic relationships between economic growth, energy access, population growth, urbanization, and human capital in 46 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2000–2023. Employing the Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) approach alongside robustness checks with Random Effects (RE) and Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE), the analysis reveals significant long-run and short-run effects of urbanization, population growth, and human capital on per capita income growth. Energy access exhibits a positive but statistically insignificant long-run impact on growth, with some countries showing significant short-term effects. The findings underscore the crucial role of enhancing human capital and managing demographic transitions to foster sustainable economic development in the region. Policy implications highlight the need for integrated strategies to expand energy infrastructure, improve education and health outcomes, and support urban planning for inclusive growth.
Adapting Agile Methodologies to the Scientific Research Environment
Matthew Halma1, Michiel Van Gerven2, Amparo Correa3, Gianfranco Francheschi4 & Sandra Hasanafendic5
Purpose: To provide a framework for the application of Agile methodology in the scientific research environment. This review establishes how Agile methodology can be modified to fit the research environment and how to implement it. Design/Methodology/Approach: A literature review of Agile methodology in other fields and applied to science. A potential impact review of Agile in science, based on the current performance of scientists. Results: Agile may be applicable in scientific research and may alter the laboratory environment and the publication environment. Agile application may pay dividends for science in responding to a highly uncertain informational environment.
Influence of Demographics on Luxury Buying Behaviour: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda
Charu Sarin Arora; Prof. Nawal Kishor
Luxury goods often involve discretionary spending and the decision-making process is quite complex and time-consuming. Despite the global recessionary trends, there is an increase in demand for luxury goods. Several factors influence the consumer’s preferences, motivations, & desires, and demographics is one of them. This paper aims to conduct a systematic literature review focused on the role of demographics onluxury buying behaviour (LBB). The review was conducted following the TCCM framework, covering 146 research articles extracted via scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Emerald studying the relationship between demographics and luxury, published between 2000 to 2024. This paper identifies the factors affecting LBB and the role of demographics in influencing the association. Furthermore, an overview of frequently used keywords based on publication trends, and the journal overview has also been incorporated. The study also provides strategic insights to the researchers for further exploration of the domain and to the marketers in crafting tailored marketing approaches and enhanced customer experiences, leading to long-term success in the luxury sector.
Reaffirming the Gig Economy: A Scoping Review and Research Agenda
Ayeni Adebanji A. W., Bisschoff Christo A.
The revolution in digital platforms has substantially reduced the costs of entry for not just workers but for consumers as it has become increasingly easier to match supply with demand for many service-related activities. This occurrence has created an opportunity for diverse persons to consider the enrolment into the gig economy, as either a main income source or a secondary means of earning. Despite these challenges, the gig economy continues to grow and evolve, reshaping the work and employment landscape. As this economic model becomes more prevalent, it is crucial to understand its implications for workers, businesses, and society at large. This study systematically reviews and synthesises existing literature on the gig economy to provide a comprehensive understanding of its characteristics, benefits, challenges, and implications. With the adoption stated from the topic as the study’s methodology, Peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, and reports published in English were selected as the main focus, while the studies chosen, met the criteria of involving gig economy workers, platform operators, and businesses utilizing gig services on the basis that are published after 2010. It was determined that businesses operating within this form of economy should strive to offer training opportunities, ensure fair compensation, and provide channels for worker feedback and support. Additionally, platform operators need to work towards implementing policies that enhance job security and worker well-being, such as offering voluntary benefits package.
Effect of Sleep Quality on Academic Performance in Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross- Sectional Study
1Telagareddy Divya Jyothi; 2Srinubabu Kollu; 3Bodapati N V V D Prasad
Background: Sleep plays a critical role in cognitive function, memory consolidation, and overall well-being. Undergraduate medical students, due to their rigorous academic schedules, often experience sleep disturbances that may impact their academic performance. While prior studies have explored this relationship globally, limited research has been conducted in Andhra Pradesh, India. This study aims to assess the impact of sleep quality on academic performance among medical students in this region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Amalapuram. A sample of 223 undergraduate medical students was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing sleep latency, duration, and quality alongside academic performance in the previous year. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Version 24, with correlation tests applied to determine relationships between sleep quality and academic outcomes. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.58 ± 1.46 years, with 64.6% females and 35.4% males. Findings indicated that students frequently experienced delayed sleep due to academic concerns, with a mean response score of 2.91 to 3.91 for sleep latency-related items. Students recognized that adequate sleep improved participation and concentration (mean scores: 3.46–4.16). A weak negative correlation (-0.27) was observed between sleep quality and academic performance, suggesting that poor sleep was associated with slightly lower academic outcomes. Conclusion: While the correlation between sleep quality and academic performance is modest, the findings support the broader evidence that poor sleep negatively impacts cognitive function. Addressing sleep hygiene and academic stress through institutional reforms could enhance medical students' well-being and academic success. Future research should explore interventions to improve sleep habits among medical students.
Effect of Mentorship in Learning Development on Student Behaviour and Performance
1Chikodili Nkiruka Okafor; 2Afamefuna Anenechukwu Okafor; 3Ijemba Ukamaka Nwabuogo; 4Ike Nnia Mba Sr
The present research is aimed at exploring learning through mentoring on student behaviour and performance. To fulfil the objective of the present research, a review of the available literature was conducted. Mentoring is one of the most recent interactive learning methods to assess the performance of students. The mentorship-based learning can be carried out by teachers (mentors) in collaboration with students (mentees). This contributes to the learning of the student and to the effect. In addition, evaluation is an important part of the mentorship process. It has been recognised that learning outcomes can be divided into three general categories: cognitive, skill-based and affective learning. Above all, goals have a positive and significant influence on the behaviour and performance of students. A systematic literature search is used. The research approaches mentorship as an independent variable, student behaviour and performance as dependent variables, and the relationship between them all, as shown in previous research. Also, the correlation among the variables is based on the meta-analysis. Finding shows that the mentorship process creates a state of student engagement, motivation, satisfaction, commitment, and confidence, which shows the behaviour of the students. This in turn leads to improving the performance of the students. Also, the goal set must be realistic, attainable and relate to the functions of growth of the student. Furthermore, evaluation is an important part of the mentorship process which plays great roles in making the students feel they are valued and what they do is appreciated. This also contributes to enhancing students’ performance. When students are evaluated on their performance, their behaviour improves.
Effect of Personalization and Mass Customization on Purchase Decision of Luxury Footwear: The Moderating Role of Digital Relationship Marketing
1Daudu Aondowase; 2Prof. G. Ugwuonah
Understanding consumer behaviour is essential for firms seeking to drive competitive advantage, particularly in the luxury goods sector where consumer expectations are increasingly shaped by digital engagement and personalization. This study investigates the impact of personalization and mass customization on consumers' purchase decisions for luxury footwear in the Nigerian online market, with a specific focus on the moderating role of digital relationship marketing. Drawing on data from 636 valid respondents collected via an online survey, the study employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS to test the hypothesized relationships. The results indicate that both personalization and mass customization exert a statistically significant and positive influence on consumers’ purchase intentions. Moreover, digital relationship marketing was found to significantly moderate these relationships, strengthening the impact of tailored product offerings on consumer decision-making. These findings contribute to theoretical advancements in consumer behaviour and digital marketing literature, offering practical insights for luxury brands aiming to deepen customer engagement and drive online sales through data-driven personalization strategies.
Leveraging Women's Financial Empowerment for Sustainable Economic Performance in a Developing Economy
Ayoyimika Omolade1; Adebanji A. W. Ayeni2, Ademola Afolayan3, Olaleke O. Ogunnaike1
The financial empowerment of marginalized groups, particularly women, has emerged as a crucial driver of sustainable economic development in many developing economies. This paper examines the impact of financial empowerment on women’s entrepreneurial activities and overall socio-economic wellbeing. The study explores how access to financial services, financial literacy, and supportive policies can enhance women’s economic participation and bridge gender disparities in financial inclusion. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from women entrepreneurs across different regions in Nigeria. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyse the quantitative data. The findings reveal that financial empowerment significantly boosts women's entrepreneurial success, contributing to improved household incomes and community development. However, the study also highlights the challenges women face, including cultural barriers and limited access to financial resources. These insights underscore the need for targeted interventions and policies that support women's financial empowerment and promote inclusive economic growth.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension: A Cross Sectional Study in Rural Amalapuram
1Dr. Kotha Prasanna, 2Dr. Renu Vasant Sulakhe, 3Dr. T. Divya Jyothi
Background: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a leading global health concern due to its association with cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and kidney disorders. Often referred to as the "silent killer," it remains asymptomatic in many individuals, making early detection essential for preventing complications. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and associations of hypertension among OPD attendees in selected healthcare facilities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals above 20 years of age attending OPD services at PHC Ambajipeta, CHC P. Gannavaram, PHC Mummidivaram, and PHC EWS Colony. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Software version 20. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 33.98%, with a higher occurrence in males (21.3%) compared to females (12.62%). Hypertension was significantly associated with advancing age, lower socio-economic status (p = 0.02), alcohol consumption (p = 0.00001), smoking (p = 0.0003), physical inactivity (p = 0.0001), and comorbidities (p = 0.0012). However, BMI did not show a statistically significant association (p = 0.309). Additionally, 21.4% of participants were newly diagnosed with hypertension, emphasizing the importance of routine screening. Conclusion: The study highlights the high burden of hypertension and its strong association with modifiable lifestyle factors. Public health interventions targeting smoking cessation, alcohol reduction, and increased physical activity are essential for mitigating hypertension risks. Early detection through regular screening and improved healthcare access, particularly for lower socio-economic groups, is crucial for effective hypertension management.
Fiscal Dominance and Monetary Policy Effectiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Focus of Public Debt Service Payment
1Edom, Edom Onyam; 2Chinwe. R. Okoyeuzu; 3Emughedi Oghu
This study examined effect of fiscal dominance on monetary policy effectiveness in 48 Sub-Saharan African countries, with focus on public debt service payment covering the period 1974-2023. The datawas collated from World Development Indicator and the Panel ARDL technique was employed to analyze the data. The findings showed that debt service payment and government debt, controlled by inflation, real interest rate and exchange rate, were positive and significant function of fiscal dominance. Based on the result, the study recommends among others, that monetary authorities in Sub-Sahara Africa should prioritize reducing debt service payments to mitigate the risk of fiscal dominance. Secondly, monetary authorities in SSA should adopt a more moderate nominal interest rate to cushion the impact of inflationary shocks on real interest rates. Thirdly, monetary authorities in SSA should implement a prudent and balanced fiscal strategy that reduces dependence on monetary financing for government spending.
Clinical Outcomes and Comparison of Effects of Melatonin and Gabapentin on Postoperative Pain and Anxiety Following Lumbar Spinal Surgery
1 Dr. Bolla Kamal Chaitanya; 2 Dr. Vinod Kumar K; 3 Dr. Arun H. S; 4 Dr Arun Kumaar
Background: Significant pain and discomfort following spinal surgery are common and may delay recovery and prolong hospital stays. This study compared the effects of melatonin and gabapentin on pain and anxiety in patients undergoing spinal spinal surgery. Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted between Jan 2025 and April 2025 in a tertiary care hospital in Kolar, Karnataka. Patients aged 25 and 60 who underwent elective lumbar spine surgery were included. Exclusion criteria included BMI >35, previous spine surgery, tumour-related surgery, and allergy to study drugs. During the pre-operative period, group B was given 600 mg gabapentin and group A 10 mg melatonin. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to measure pain, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure anxiety at 6, 12 and 24 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v21 with a significance of p < 0.05. Results: According to the results, the demographic and comorbidity profiles of the gabapentin and melatonin groups were similar. Gabapentin significantly reduced mean VAS scores at all time points (p=0.001), indicating better pain relief. Melatonin showed improved control over anxiety. Conclusion: Melatonin provides a better anxiolytic effect in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery, while gabapentin is more effective in treating postoperative pain. These results highlight the importance of tailored treatment plans for maximising postoperative outcomes. Future studies should examine long-term functional recovery and combined therapies.
Microbial Biotechnologies for Effective Wastewater Treatment and Resource Reclamation
Alka Thakur1, Dr. Vijay Kumar2, Aashish Kashyap3
Microbial biotechnologies have garnered significant interest as efficient and sustainable approaches to resource recovery and treatment of wastewater. These methods break down contaminants by using microorganisms' metabolic capacities and convert waste into valuable resources such as bioenergy, biofuels, and nutrients. Key microbial systems, including anaerobic digestion, bio electrochemical systems (BES), and microalgae-based processes, offer dual benefits of pollutant removal and resource recovery in line with the ideas of the circular economy. Through processes like biogas production, nutrient recovery, and biohydrogen generation, these technologies help produce renewable energy and conserve resources in addition to lessening the environmental impact of garbage. Despite their promise, challenges remain in scaling these technologies and addressing variability in wastewater composition. Future research and policy support are essential to optimize microbial consortia, enhance efficiency, and create market demand for recovered resources. As global environmental pressures mount, microbial biotechnologies present a viable path toward more sustainable wastewater management and resource recovery practices.
Higher Education and Management in Nigeria: A Framework for Benchmarking Best Practices
1Caleb, Emmanuel Ezekiel (Ph.D), 2Dr. Johnbull O. Okotubu, Eno, ³Israel Emmanuel and 4Dr. Wilson, Udo Udofia
The structures of Higher Education systems, that is, the shape and the size of the national higher education systems in Nigeria have been at the crossroads of external expectations and internal dynamics. Nigeria has witnessed massive expansion in social demand for and in participation in higher education. Some of the key changes in Higher Education over recent times have been driven by what is sometimes termed ‘massification’ of higher education, indicating an increasing proportion of the population going to Universities and Colleges. Mass higher education has created various problems, but challenges rise and fall on the shoulders of management. This paper explores emerging issues in Nigerian higher education and the place of benchmarking best practices in educational management in meeting funding and relevance challenges. Qualitative design was employed in reviewing challenges of higher education in Nigeria. Policy implications and recommendation are made in line with the findings of the study. It was recommended that Nigerian universities will do well to partner and adopt one or two performing universities outside their country and model their management and administration in other to enhance performance.
Quality Improvement and Product Development as a Competitive Strategy for Food SMEs
Dyah Arum Eka Nur Arifah1, Mohamad Harisudin2, Fanny Widadie3, Kohar Sulistyadi4
This study aims to determine the external and internal factors that influence the success of fruit rojak food SMEs (fruit rojak SMEs), formulate alternative strategies, and determine the priorities of fruit rojak SME business development strategies. The basic analytical descriptive method is used. Determining the location of the research is done deliberately. Determination of key informants using convenience sampling techniques. Data collection techniques are carried out using observation, interview, recording, and triangulation of sources. The data analysis methods used include EFE and IFE Matrix, Grand Strategy Matrix, SWOT Matrix, and QSPM. The competitive position of fruit rojak SMEs is in the position of Strength-Opportunity (S-O). The priority strategy recommended to be applied to fruit rojak SMEs is a strategy to improve quality and product development to increase consumer loyalty. The synergy of the Grand Strategy matrix, SWOT matrix, and QSPM has a narrowed/focused strategy work structure. The results of this study can be used as input for other food SMEs in developing strategies to gain competitive advantage in the market.
Effects of Board Gender Diversity on Audit Quality
1Oladele John Akinyomi; 2Blessing Bamwa
There exist inconsistent findings in the prior studies on the diversity on the board's impact on audit quality. The aforementioned is despite the crucial role which a robust and a diversified board of directors play in the success and sustainability of any corporate entity. Firmly rooted in agency theory, this research examined the effect that gender diversityon the board has on audit quality among the quoted Nigerian Exchange Group's consumer goods companies. Relevant information was extracted from audited yearly reports from the specified organizations for the 2012-2022 financial period. In an attempt compile necessary information and make conclusions about the population under study, descriptive and inferential statistics were used.The Multiple Least Square Regression was employedin evaluating the hypotheses. Based on the study’s outcome, we concluded that board female gender has a favorable and noteworthy effect on the quoted consumer goods companies’ audit quality (p<.000). Furthermore, among Nigerian listed consumer goods companies, board size has a slight but favorable impact on audit quality (p<.225). Consequently, the study recommends that as a matter of policy, board of directors should be made to compulsorily include one third of the female gender.
Evaluation of User's Experience and Acoustic Performance in Film-House Design: A Case Study of Samonda Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
1J. B. Taiwo; 2Obakin, O. A; 3Odetola O. E
Reverberation and echoes has been the bane of most cinema houses designs. These undoubtedly causes uncoordinated sound and auditory problems to the movies lovers. This highlights the significance of sound quality in influencing moviegoers' psychological well-being, level of immersion, and overall satisfaction, noting that while visual aspects are often prioritized, acoustics play an equally vital, yet sometimes overlooked, role. The study addresses the problem of inadequate acoustic design in many cinemas, which can negatively impact the auditory experience despite advancements in visual technology. The research aims to optimize acoustic design in cinemas, focusing on elements such as soundproofing, speaker placement, material selection, acoustic treatments, and room configuration to enhance the overall movie going experience. This study x-ray the Film house cinema in Samonda, examining how these acoustic factors affect user experience within a specific timeframe. This research employed a quantitative approach to evaluate the acoustic performance of the study cinema house using the balloon pop technique to measure the reverberation time (RT60) conducted at six (6) different locations. The reverberation time (RT60) analysis revealed a critical average of 5.01 seconds, substantially higher than the recommended 0.3 to 0.6 seconds for cinemas. This excessive reverberation is likely contributing to reduced speech clarity, sound precision issues, echo effects, and listening fatigue, thereby detracting from the overall auditory experience. In conclusion, this research highlights the paramount importance of effective acoustic design in enhancing the overall cinema user experience.
Social Capital and the Performance of Agro-Processing Firms in North Central, Nigeria
Helen Emiene Ikwue1; Vincent A. Onodugo2; Ochanya Blessing Adegbe3; Bukola Rebecca Oyeleye4; Cletus Abah Iduh5
Small and Medium-sized agro-processing firms play a vital role in Nigeria's food system and economic development, particularly in the North Central region. However, the factors influencing their performance are not well understood. This study aims to examine the effect of social capital on the performance of agro-processing firms in North Central Nigeria. Drawing on social capital theory and entrepreneurship literature, the study proposes a conceptual framework that investigated how the structural, relational, and cognitive dimensions of social capital impact various performance outcomes, including profitability, productivity, and effectiveness. The research context of North Central Nigeria is significant, as this region is characterized by a vibrant informal economy and dense social networks that may shape entrepreneurial activities. A total of 384 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents while 368 questionnaires were returned. The data was analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the assistance of SPSS AMOS. The study revealed that Structural (β = -0.069, p=.180), Relational (β = .000, p= .998), and Cognitive (β = .057, p= .266) social capital has no significant positive effect on profitability. Also, it was revealed that Structural (β = .175, p=.000) and Cognitive (β = .285, p= .000) demonstrated significant effects on productivity while, Relational SC (β = -.059, p= .201) did not show any significant effect on productivity. Lastly, the study found that Structural (β = -0.011, p=.826) and Cognitive SC (β = -0.016, p= .753) social capital did not exhibit any significant effect on effectiveness. In contrast, Relational (β = 0.124, p= .016) social capital did show a significant effect on effectiveness. The study recommends that Organizations should prioritize improving their network structures, formal communication systems, and institutional collaborations to boost profitability, productivity and effectiveness.
Block System of UCCP La Trinidad Integrated School Incorporated
Ruther Ray C. Ruado
This study aimed to assess the teachers’ evaluation of the implementation of Block System with two subjects per Quarter in United Church of Christ in the Philippines La Trinidad Integrated School Incorporated (UCCP LTISI). The qualitative research design was used in conducting the research. The data gathering tool used is through observation and interview. Participants for this study are the five (5) teachers of UCCP LTISI. The salient findings of this study were the following: The findings applied in the learning process of the Block System in UCCP LTISI that were observed by the teachers were mastery and continuity of the lesson. The highlighted challenges encountered in the implementation of Block System in UCCP LTISI are the learning pace and time management. The conclusions were the following: The learning process applied in the Block System in UCCP LTISI are mastery and continuity of the lesson wherein the students can focus on grasping the lesson contents. There is a synchronous order of the topics that the students can easily follow and understand. The challenges encountered in the implementation of the Block System in UCCP LTISI help the students and teachers be flexible.
Designing a Data Gathering Tool for Trends, Problems, Challenges and Innovations in Graduate Education
Genevieve B. Kupang1, Agustina B. Cayat2, Sarah O. Garcia3, Andrelyn B. Gayudan4, Maybeline F. Nacis5, Ruther Ray C. Ruado6, Daisy D. Taganas7
The dynamic evolution of graduate education necessitates effective tools to assess emerging trends, problems, challenges, and innovative practices. This study aimed to design, develop, and validate a data gathering instrument tailored to evaluate these aspects within Baguio Central University (BCU). The research holds significant academic value, offering insights to inform policy decisions and enhance program quality. Employing a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach, the instrument integrated quantitative Likert-scale items with qualitative open-ended questions. Guided by the Input-Process-Output model, the development process considered inputs such as technological advancements, demographic and societal factors, institutional resources, and global contexts. The process involved literature review, curriculum analysis, technology integration, stakeholder collaboration, and leadership strategies. The outputs included a validated and comprehensive data gathering tool designed to assess trends, problems, challenges, and innovations in graduate education; a conceptual framework guided the use of the tool to understand the complexities of graduate education; and initial insights gained during the tool's design and validation process. Anticipated outcomes encompass enhanced education quality, increased accessibility, alignment with workforce needs, and sustainable institutional growth. Findings revealed key trends, including integrating technology and flexible learning pathways, alongside challenges such as financial constraints and technology access disparities. Innovative strategies, notably industry partnerships and personalized learning initiatives, were also identified. The validated tool serves as a reliable mechanism for ongoing assessment and continuous improvement of graduate programs, addressing existing gaps in the literature. Practically, its implementation supports evidence-based decision-making and institutional advancement. This study aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 4, Target 4.3, and Indicator 4.3.1 by promoting equal access to quality tertiary education by developing evaluative tools that inform policy and practice.
Examining the Effect of Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM) on Customer Satisfaction in the Ethiopian Banking Sector
Tibebu Woldie Abere
This study investigates the impact of Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM) practices on customer satisfaction within the rapidly evolving Ethiopian banking sector. As banks increasingly adopt digital platforms for personalized services, E-CRM emerges as a crucial tool for enhancing customer experiences and fostering loyalty. Focusing on dimensions such as customized products, transaction security, alternative payment methods, problem-solving, and online feedback, the research examines their influence on customer satisfaction in three major banks in Addis Ababa: Awash Bank, Bank of Abyssinia, and Dashen Bank. Utilizing the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model, a mixed-methods approach was employed, collecting quantitative data through an online survey of 570 E-CRM users and qualitative insights from secondary sources. Findings reveal a significant positive correlation between E-CRM practices and customer satisfaction (r = 0.498), with transaction security rated highest. Regression analysis confirms that personalized communication and secure transactions significantly enhance satisfaction (Beta = +0.43, t = 5.159, p < 0.001). The study highlights the need for banks to prioritize effective E-CRM strategies, particularly in personalization and security, to maintain a competitive edge. It also calls for future research to adopt longitudinal methods and explore broader contexts.
Impact of Financial Services Accessibility Challenges on the Growth and Sustainability of Women Entrepreneurs
1Pragya Dubey; 2Prof. Deepak Babu
Purpose: Access to finance is a challenge for various sectors, yet women entrepreneurs face it compounded with multifaceted gender related challenges which hinder their growth and development. This research paper seeks to look into the impact of financial services accessibility challenges on the expansion and sustainability of women owned businesses in a developing economy, with a focus on the State Uttar Pradesh, India. The main object of the paper is to thoroughly understand the challenges face by women entrepreneurs in accessing finance and to analyze how these challenges impact their business growth and sustainability. Design/Methodology/Approach: Through a required combination of qualitative and quantitative data set, the study aimed to examine about the challenges face by women entrepreneurs and how these challenges are affecting the growth and development of the business. To analysis the impacts, correlational research design of descriptive research was used. Findings: The findings reveal that women entrepreneurs face numerous challenges related with financial services accessibility, including financial literacy, lack of collateral, discrimination, limited access to investors, and difficult application process etc. and the effect of these challenges is negative on the growth and sustainability on business. Originality/Value: This study suggests that women entrepreneurs can be empowered by addressing these problems through focused policy interventions, greater financial literacy initiatives, and easier access to funding.
Federal Tertiary Hospitals and Causes of Brain Drain in South west Nigeria
1Oluwaseyi Isaiah Alamu; 2Ikechukwu Jacinta Enyioko; 3Adesoji Emmanuel Adereti
The state of federal medical hospitals has come under the scrutiny of many stakeholders including scholars and human resource managers due to the challenge of brain drain. The brain drain is a paramount challenge facing Nigeria’s health institutions, with many leaving the shores of Nigeria in search for better opportunities. This study examines the causes of brain drain in Federal Tertiary Hospitals in Nigeria, aimed at identifying the factors responsible for the brain drain. A mixed method approach was used, having both qualitative and quantitative data, collected from primary and secondary sources. The study population comprises 1974 medical doctors in the selected Federal Teaching Hospitals in South western Nigeria. A two-stage sampling technique was used for this study. In the first stage, stratified random sampling techniques were used to select Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC) and Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) from the three Federal Teaching Hospitals and Federal Medical Centre Owo and Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta from the three Federal Medical Centres in the Southwest. In the second stage, simple random was used to administer a questionnaire to 333 respondents. The result showed that poor remuneration of professionals, shortage of equipment and infrastructural facilities, and security challenges in the country are contributing factors to brain drain in the selected Federal Hospitals. The study recommended that the managements should increase the salary and wages of their employees particularly among health workers, to ensure parity with other developing countries' salary scales.
Emotional Intelligence and Workplace Conflict Management: The Intervening Mediation-Moderation Effects of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Culture among Healthcare Workers in North-West Ghana
John Yaw Akparep1, Vitalis Bawontuo2 & Leander Achageba Allou2
This study explores the impact of emotional intelligence on conflict management in healthcare organizations, focusing on theGhana Health Service (GHS) in the Upper West Region. Drawing on the trait emotional intelligence theory and integrating job satisfaction as a mediating variable and organizational culture as a moderating variable, the study investigates how various emotional intelligence dimensions; self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills affect conflict management strategies. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze data collected from 256 healthcare workers of GHS, Upper West Region, the study finds that all emotional intelligence dimensions significantly contribute to effective conflict management, with job satisfaction mediating this relationship and organizational culture strengthening the outcomes. The study’s findings underscore the importance of emotional intelligence in healthcare settings, highlighting the potential for emotional intelligence-based interventions to improve conflict resolution among healthcare workers and overall organizational effectiveness. This study extends emotional intelligence theory within the healthcare context, while practical implications suggest that training healthcare workers in emotional intelligence can improve conflict management and organizational performance. This research also provides valuable policy recommendations for integrating emotional intelligence training into healthcare management practices.
Intellectual Capital and Performance of Selected Manufacturing Firms in Southeast Nigeria
1Dr Chukwu B.I; 2Ilediagu, Ebere Jennifer; 3Agu, Okoro Agu; 4Ochanya Blessing Adegbe
The study examined intellectual capital and performance of selected manufacturing firms in southeast Nigeria.This study sought to determine the effect of human capital on return on investment of the selected manufacturing firms in southeast, Nigeria. ascertain the extent at which relational capital influence customer loyalty of the selected manufacturing firms in southeast, Nigeria, examine the relationship between structural capital and zero tolerance of the selected manufacturing firms in southeast, Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population was 9038, out of which a sample size of 369 was realized using cochran formula at 5% error tolerance and 95% level of confidence. Data were collected through primary and secondary sources. Out of 369 copies of the questionnaire distributed, 320 copies (87%) were returned while 49 copies (13%) were not returned. The hypotheses were tested using simple linear regression and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. The findings revealed that Human capital significantly affects return on investment of the selected manufacturing firms in southeast, Nigeria(r = 0.898; F= 1328.415; t = 36.447; p< 0.05). Relational capital significant positive influences on customer loyalty of the selected manufacturing firms in southeast, Nigeria (r = 0.786; F= 645.363; t = 25.404; p<0.05). There was a positive relationship between Structural capital on Zero tolerance of the selected manufacturing firms in southeast, Nigeria(r =.923, P<.05).The study concluded that Intellectual Capital (IC) is a company's best asset as a knowledge and expertise that is not only the result of an organization's efforts but also represents its most important asset. The study recommended that Manufacturing firms should invest in their human capital, because , it will optimise the processes, streamline operations and improve productivity that will ultimately lead to increase in return on investment.
Ai-Integrated Security for Tracking Kidnappers and Unknown Gunmen in Anambra: Prospects and Implications
1Afunugo, Kenechi Nnaemeka; 2Albert Ulutorti Green
Anambra State, in eastern Nigeria, has seen a shocking spike in violent crimes. Kidnappings and unknown attackers are the worst crimes. Due to concerns about personal and family safety, these occurrences have caused anxiety, reduced expatriate return rates, and lowered security force morale. Many claim that certain security staff are complicit, reducing confidence. Institutional dysfunction, fear, and corruption have exposed the shortcomings in human-operated security systems. This study examines the reliability of applying AI to improve security operations in Anambra. The research examined AI technologies like biometric identification, drone surveillance, facial recognition, predictive policing, and real-time tracking using Routine Activity Theory, Technological Determinism, and Systems Theory. The research randomly chose 120 Awka residents aged school-age to 60 using a qualitative approach. NVivo was used to assess structured interview data. In the survey, 94% suspected criminal collaboration, 70% demanded urgent security reforms, 92% backed AI integration, and 85% believed that current security staff were fearful and worthless. However, many did not understand the implications of this integration. The majority suggests that law enforcement should establish a police disciplinary division and implement AI simultaneously. The key issues are high costs, little digital literacy, and poor infrastructure. The research suggests that the government invest in AI, work with private enterprises, pass regulations, and implement training and education programs modelled after the US, China, and Israel. AI can improve Anambra State's safety and restore public trust in the government, even though it's not flawless.
Customers' Loyalty Prediction Model for E-Hailing Mobility Service Companies in Nigeria
1Awogbemi Clement Adeyeye; 1Ilori Adetunji Kolawole; 2Mabur Yaks Mafuyai; 3Oyeyemi Gafar Matanmi; 4Onyeagu Sydney Iheanyi
The recent surge of inflation in Nigeria has significantly impacted the transportation sector. E-hailing mobility services, in particular, are likely to see a decline in customer loyalty, as they already had the highest fare rates even before the removal of subsidies on petroleum products. This research is aimed at developing a customer loyalty prediction model for e-hailing mobility services in Nigeria. Data used were collected through an online survey, with customer loyalty determined by frequency of use. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to analyze the data. The results indicated that the model has a good fit according to the Hosmer and Lemeshow Test of Goodness-of-fit, with a classification accuracy of 66%. Age and duration of service use were found to be statistically significant. Based on the odds ratio, students, self-employed individuals, low- and middle-income earners, civil and public servants, and daily and weekly users are more likely to be loyal compared to artisans, high-income earners, and yearly users. This study recommends targeted motivational service packages for these customer segments to attract and retain loyalty. Further research could explore the reason why these identified customer segments remain loyal despite rising transportation costs.
Dynamic Exercise Programs for Osteoarthritis: From Pain Management to Performance on Pain and Function - A Case Study
Dr. Anand Mohan Jha1; Dr. Soumya Sharma2; Dr. Meghna Singh3; Dr. Purvanshi Khatri4
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease causing pain, stiffness, and functional impairment globally. Physiotherapy, particularly exercise therapy, is a cornerstone in OA management. Objective: To evaluate the impact of a dynamic exercise program on pain and functional outcomes in a patient with knee OA, assessed through the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Methods: A single 55-year-old female patient with radiographic Grade II knee OA underwent an 8-week phase-based dynamic exercise program. Results: The patient demonstrated a substantial reduction in pain (NPRS from 6/10 to 2/10) and functional disability (WOMAC from 46/100 to 27/100). Conclusion: Structured dynamic exercise programs significantly improve pain and function in knee OA, supporting their inclusion in routine physiotherapy care.
"Online Gaming and Aggressive Behaviour: Exploring Psychological and Environmental Factors"
1Dr. Ritu Das; 2Dr. Nidhi Sharma*; 3Akanksha Mishra; 4Neeraj Kumar
Background: The burgeoning popularity of online gaming has ignited critical scholarly inquiries into its potential psychological and behavioural ramifications, notably its possible association with aggressive behaviour. This study addresses the ongoing debate surrounding this relationship, recognizing the significant societal impact of both widespread gaming engagement and concerns about aggression. Objectives: The primary objectives are to meticulously scrutinize the underlying psychological mechanisms, such as frustration, stress, and desensitization and to rigorously investigate the salient environmental factors inherent in online gaming environments that may contribute to aggressive outcomes. Methodology: To achieve a nuanced understanding, a robust mixed-methods research design was implemented. Quantitative data was collected through carefully administered surveys to a substantial sample of 500 actively engaged gamers, spanning the adolescent and young adult age range of 13 to 35 years. This broad age range allows for the examination of potential developmental influences. Complementing the quantitative data, rich qualitative insights were gathered through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a subset of participants, providing a deeper understanding of their experiences and perspectives on the relationship between gaming and aggression. This triangulation of data sources enhances the rigor and comprehensiveness of the findings. Key Findings: The empirical analysis revealed a statistically significant, albeit moderate in strength, positive correlation between engagement in violent video games and self-reported levels of aggressive behaviour among the surveyed gamers. However, the study emphasizes that this relationship is not deterministic and is significantly modulated by a complex interplay of individual differences and contextual factors. Furthermore, the study acknowledges the methodological heterogeneity of prior research in this field, highlighting the importance of considering diverse research designs and participant populations when interpreting findings.
Carnivals without Borders: Exploring the Cultural and Tourism Dynamics of Africa's Biggest Street Party and Noting Hill Carnival
Akerele E. E.1, Babalola W. A.2; Bashir A. A.3; Folorunso O. S.4; Lawal O. O.5
This study presents a comparative analysis of the Calabar Carnival in Nigeria and the Notting Hill Carnival in the United Kingdom, two iconic cultural events that embody the dynamics of identity, diaspora, and tourism development. Drawing upon cultural globalization theory, the research explores how these carnivals function as platforms for cultural diplomacy, economic stimulation, and community empowerment. The paper traces their historical trajectories, examining how local traditions intersect with global influences to shape performances, symbolism, and audience engagement. It further investigates the administrative structures, strategic management, and resilience strategies that underpin their sustainability. Through desk research and qualitative synthesis of scholarly and institutional sources, the study highlights the strengths and challenges of each festival, offering cross-regional insights into festival governance, destination branding, and digital engagement. The findings underscore the transformative power of public celebrations in reshaping tourism narratives and advancing intercultural understanding. Recommendations are made to enhance the Calabar Carnival’s global reach and organizational resilience, informed by lessons from the enduring success of the Notting Hill Carnival.
Examining the Role of Globalization and Financial Deepening on the Nigerian Stock Market: A Weighted Least Squares Approach
1 Raymond Osi Alenoghena; 2 Abayomi Oluwaseun Japinye; 3 Samuel David Adebisi; 4 Fatai Oguntade Aliu; 5 Maryam Joyce Sadiq; 6 Edidiong Akpabio Samuel
Globalization and financial deepening are two vital phenomena impacting the modern economic landscape and rapidly improving the growth of countries on a global scale, through the instrument of the stock market. This study investigates the effect of globalization and financial deepening in the Nigerian stock market covering the period 1981 to 2022. The study deploys the weighted least squares approach based on the heteroscedasticity problem that is associated with the study data set. In addition to examining the impacts of globalization and financial deepening on the stock market, the study investigates explicitly the synergistic effect of globalization and financial deepening on the stock market as well as exploring the impacts of foreign direct investment, gross capital formation, inflation and interest rate on the stock market. The study outcomes reveal that globalization and financial deepening positively and significantly impact the stock market. In addition, the impact of globalization is also positive and significant in terms of financial deepening. Also, the impact of the interacted effect of globalization and financial deepening on the stock market is positive and significant. However, the effect of interest rate on the stock market is negative and significant. The study recommends the implementation of government policies to promote trade and improve the business environment to enhance the positive effects of globalization in the country. The study also suggests the implementation of policies to deepen the standard of financial institutions' operations and increase the variety of effective credit products made available to the private sector.
Statutory Challenges of Landlocked States in the Exercise of Fundamental Rights and Obligations under the UNCLOS Regime
1 Dr. Gabriel E. B. Inyang; 2James E. Archibong
The sea is a large mass of water girdled by land. It constitutes an essential part of human activities, including trade and commerce, voyage, mineral extraction, power generation, and the blue economy. The landlocked states, which are mostly developing countries, lack territorial access to the sea. The deprivation of landlocked states from exercising their fundamental rights and obligations over the high seas, which constitute the common heritage of mankind, forms the main objective of this research. Various national constitutional provisions and international statutory regimes are replete with fair, just, and equitable distribution of energy and natural resources amongst citizens and states/non-state parties to conventions, treaties, and protocols. The study was provoked by international statutory deprivation of landlocked states from the benefits of exploration of the energy and natural resources in the high seas. This unjust statutory management evoked the need to explore ways of assisting the land-locked countries escape the seeming punishment of lack of ownership, control, and management of the high seas and their rich and extensive natural resources. The methodology adopted in this research was an interrogation of primary and secondary sources and analytical techniques. The findings include that landlocked states face significant challenges such as higher transportation costs, slower economic growth, increased dependence on transit neighbours, often leading to lower overall development and trade compared to their coastal counterparts. This work recommends the statutory reform of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 82). There form of UNCLOS and adoption of remedial measures to strengthen existing weak mitigating global initiatives will have far-reaching results for landlocked states than the subsisting New York Convention 1965, which subjects them to restrictive bilateral and multilateral agreements and the whims and caprices of the coastal states.
Comparative Evaluation of 2.0 Mm 3d Curved Angle Strut Plate versus 2.0 Mm Non-Compression Miniplate in the Fixation of Mandibular Angle Fractures
1Dr. Yellanti Doondi Dinesh Nag (MDS); 2Dr. M Akila (MDS); 3Dr. M Wasim Haroon (MDS); 4Dr. Mylapoori Viswanath (MDS); 5Dr. Bhuvaneswari Rajkumar (MDS); 6Dr. Ravada V S S K Kinneresh (MDS)
Background: Mandibular angle fractures account for 23–42% of all mandibular fractures and present unique challenges due to biomechanical forces and limited surgical access. Various fixation methods have been explored, including conventional miniplates and 3D strut plates, but comparative efficacy remains debated. Aim: To compare the efficacy of 2.0 mm 3D curved angle strut plates versus 2.0 mm non-compression miniplates in mandibular angle fracture fixation. Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted on 20 patients (18 males, 2 females; age 18–50 years) with unilateral mandibular angle fractures. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group I (n=10) received 3D strut plates, and Group II (n=10) received conventional miniplates. Parameters assessed included time for plate fixation, postoperative pain, swelling, mouth opening, and bite force at 1, 3, and 6 months. Results: The 3D strut plate group showed significantly better outcomes in bite force (p<0.005 at 6 months), reduced pain (p=0.004 at day 5), and greater mouth opening (37.9 mm vs. 33.0 mm, p<0.001). No significant differences were observed in swelling (p=0.156) or plate fixation time (p=0.074). Conclusion: 3D strut plates offer superior functional outcomes compared to conventional miniplates, with improved masticatory efficiency and fracture stability. They are a viable alternative for mandibular angle fracture fixation.
Impact of Investment Sentiments on Stock Market Returns in Nigeria
Irejeh Enaikpobomene Mina1; Dr. Ajueyitse Martins Otuedon2; Dr. Oyakegha Ekiyeghazi Samuel3; Dr. (Mrs.) Aninoritse Lisa Edafiaje4; Omehe Raphael5; Agwu Sylvester Maduabuchi6
This study investigated the effect of investment sentiments on stock market returns on Nigerian Exchange Group for the period of 32years spanning from 1990 to 2022. The study employed four sentiments proxies: consumer confidence index (CCI), initial public offer (IPO), dividend premium (DIP), and turnover ratio against dependent variable stock market returns proxy by all share index. The ordinary least square regression (OLS), error-correction models (ECM), unit root and co-integration test were adopted. The study found that CCI, IPO and DIP all have a positive relationship with stock market return proxy (ASI). Meanwhile, DIP appears to be insignificant. Furthermore, turnover ratio exacts a negative but significant effect on stock market return in Nigeria. The study recommends that investors’ sentiment can have either a positive or negative impact on the growth and progress of the Nigeria exchange group. Also, stockholders should not ignore the significance of fundamental and technical analyses in their investment decision making and in predicting stock prices in developing economy like Nigeria where market integrity is low. Also, it is suggested that behavioral factors be considered in empirical asset pricing models for emerging stock markets.
Genetic Integrity of Invitro Conserved Medicinal Plants
1Himani Choudhary; 2Shailika Sharma; 3Papiya Mukherjee
The conservation of medicinal plants is essential for ensuring the continues availability of bioactive compounds used in pharmaceuticals and traditional medicine. Ex situ conservation techniques like tissue culture and cryopreservation have become crucial tools for maintaining these valuable plants as over-harvesting, habitat loss, and climate change threaten many therapeutic plant species. Ensuring the genetic integrity of plants is must in in vitro conservation because extended culture times can result in somaclonal variations or unintentional genetic variations that could compromise the therapeutic qualities of plants. This paper reviewed the molecular and phenotypic stability of medicinal plants that have been conserved in vitro, determining whether the method results in genetic drift, somaclonal variation, or other changes to the genetic composition of the plant. Molecular tools like Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers have been used in numerous studies to show that while in-vitro methods can maintain most of the genetic integrity of plant, some variations may still happen, especially in long-term cultures or under stressful surroundings. The main aim of this review is to emphasize how crucial it is to preserve genetic integrity in medicinal plants that have been conserved in order to assure their continuous availability for use in pharmacological and therapeutic applications.Bridging existing knowledge gaps and refining these molecular methods are essential for conserving the valuable genetic resources, contributing to sustainable agriculture and biodiversity conservation.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on Basic Education in East Asia: A Case Study of the "Smart Campus" between China and South Korea
Yuan Shuai
The digital transformation of basic education in East Asia, exemplified by the "Smart Campus" initiatives in China and South Korea, has reshaped pedagogical practices, institutional governance, and educational equity. This study compares the strategies, implementations, and outcomes of smart campuses in both countries, highlighting their unique approaches and shared challenges. In South Korea, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven digital textbooks, interactive learning platforms, and VR/AR technologies has prioritized personalized learning and teacher empowerment. For instance, the 2023 Digital-Driven Education Reform Plan emphasizes adaptive curricula and AI-supported assessments to address individual student needs. Conversely, China’s smart campuses focus on systemic infrastructure, such as cloud-based classrooms and national digital platforms, to bridge urban-rural educational gaps. Initiatives like Huawei’s smart campus networks in Ethiopia and the National Smart Education Public Service Platform exemplify China’s commitment to global educational equity through scalable technological solutions. Both nations face challenges in balancing efficiency with human-centric values. South Korea grapples with equitable access to advanced tools and teacher adaptability, while China contends with regional disparities in digital literacy and data security concerns. Despite these hurdles, their smart campus models demonstrate transformative potential: South Korea’s emphasis on AI-driven pedagogy enhances student engagement and critical thinking, whereas China’s infrastructure-first approach fosters cross-border resource sharing and lifelong learning ecosystems. This paper argues that the convergence of technological innovation and policy frameworks in East Asia offers a blueprint for global education systems navigating digital transitions. By synthesizing case studies from both countries, the study underscores the necessity of aligning technological adoption with cultural context, teacher training, and ethical governance to achieve sustainable, inclusive educational transformation.
Human Capital Transfer and Entrepreneurial Innovation in Lubricant Firms in Anambra State
1Anthony Ikechukwu Ibekwe (PhD); 2Angela Obiageli Ibekwe (PhD); 3Nwankwo, Adaobi Angela (PhD)
The study analyzed the human capital transfer and entrepreneurial innovation in lubricant firms in Anambra State. The objective of the study were to; Analyze the effect of education on entrepreneurial innovation of lubricant firms in Anambra State; Determine the effect of employee’s knowledge on entrepreneurial innovation of lubricant firms in Anambra State; examine the effect of skill acquisition on entrepreneurial innovation of lubricant firms in Anambra State. Three research hypotheses are formulated in line with the above objectives of the study. Descriptive survey design method was used; the sample techniques employed in this study was simple random sampling. The population for this research work was 1220, respondents. It comprises of all the staff working in the selected lubricant firms in Anambra state, while the sample size is 234 through Borg & Gall (1973) formula. The researcher distributes two hundred and thirty-four (234) questionnaires but only two hundred and eight (208) copies of questionnaire were retrieved. Structured questionnaire were use to gather information from the population. Regression analysis and ANOVA method of data analysis was used to test the questionnaire. The finding of the study shows that; Education has significant positive effect on entrepreneurial innovation of lubricant firms in Anambra state; Employees’ knowledge has significant positive effect on entrepreneurial innovation of lubricant firms in Anambra state. The study recommends that, organization should offer training and development opportunities that help employees acquire new skills and knowledge that can contribute to entrepreneurial innovation; Create an environment that encourages employees to share their knowledge, ideas, and experiences to foster collaboration and innovation; Allow employees to move across different departments or projects to gain new experiences and perspectives, which can spark new ideas and solutions.
Empirical Review of Foreign Finance and SMEs Performance in Lagos State, Nigeria
Hector Onyekachi Ekeocha
This study explored the empirical review on the effect of foreign finance on the performance of SMEs in Nigeria, consolidating on previous works of literature. The review uncovered the methodologies and theories used, and findings of various studies. The researcher observed from empirical reviews of literature that the findings from the subject matter still remain inconclusive. There were conflicting findings in the various studies carried out by different researchers. Beyond finance, there are other factors that contribute to SMEs performance which should have been controlled. Such factors include firm age, size and experience of the manager. Many literatures reviewed have no control variable. Few studies introduced some control variables but discovered the presence of heterogeneous effects concerning the firm size, firm age, region, industry, and intensity of public support, thus requiring more studies that would address the long-term effects of foreign finance on SMEs. Future studies should introduce a control variables namely firm size. Control variables help in achieving consistent and unbiased result. Many reviewed literatures concentrated only on foreign direct investment. The researcher has added other forms of foreign finance including grants, foreign loans, funds from foreign development finance institutions and venture capitals. In Nigeria there are few studies on venture capitals as the concept is still evolving. This reinforced the theoretical gap that future studies should fill. Researches backed by theories enjoy an added layer of credibility and support. A good number of reviewed studies were not backed by any theory; as a result, future studies should consider pecking order theory and theory of performance.
Effect of Foreign Finance on Employment Generation of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Lagos, Nigeria
1Hector Onyekachi Ekeocha; 2Enitan O. Olurin; 3John O. Akinyomi
This study explored the effect of foreign finance on employment generation of small and medium enterprises in Lagos, Nigeria. Adopting Pecking Order Theory and the Resource-Based Theory, the study hypothesised links between foreign finance and SMEs performance variables. The study employed a survey design using random sampling technique with 361sample size out of a population of 5,344. Primary data were collected with the aid of a questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale distributed through hard and electronic means to SMEs in Lagos State. Both descriptive and inferential statistics with regression analysis were employed to examine the four hypotheses with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. All foreign finance element shows significant impact on employment generation with adjusted R2 = 0.915, F = 778.668, p < 0.050). The study concluded that changes inforeign finance elements have significant effects on SMEs performance with emphasis on employment generationin Lagos State; which implies that SME owners can draw on the empirical evidence and conclusions of this study to explore foreign finance as an alternative source to the conventional domestic and government sources. SMEs can draw insight from this study to engage in structuring their business to attract foreign investors. The study fills existing gaps and provides a foundation for further research on moderating role of firm characteristics such as management practices and industry type in determining the impact of foreign financing on SME performance as well as explore how foreign finance can drive internationalisation of Nigeria SMEs.
Environmental Induced Violent Conflict and its Implications for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Farmer-Herder Clashes in Ikole-Ekiti Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Clement Oladayo Daramola
Environment-induced violent conflicts remain a significant challenge to sustainable development in Nigeria, particularly in agrarian communities where disputes between farmers and herders escalate into armed conflicts. This study investigates the impact of environment-induced violent conflict on sustainable development, focusing on the Fulani-Farmers conflict in Ikole-Ekiti Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The research examines the nature, causes, and effects of the conflict, with a view to proffering practical solutions to mitigate its impact on agriculture and local development. The study adopts a descriptive research design, employing a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources, including structured questionnaires, interviews with farmers, herders, community leaders, and local government officials, as well as reviews of existing literature and government records. A stratified sampling technique was used to ensure representation across all parties involved in the conflict. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were employed to interpret the data. The study adopted Relative Deprivation Theory as the theoretical framework. The findings reveal that the parties involved in the conflict are predominantly local farmers and Fulani herders, whose livelihoods are intricately tied to land and water resources. The conflict arises from environmental factors such as resource scarcity, encroachment on farmlands, and climate change-induced migration, compounded by socio-economic issues like weak governance, lack of conflict resolution mechanisms, and ethnic tensions. The nature of previous conflicts in the area indicates a cyclical pattern of violence, marked by loss of lives, displacement of communities, and destruction of farmlands. The study highlights the adverse impacts of the conflict on agricultural productivity, food security, and the local economy, with long-term consequences for sustainable development in Ikole-Ekiti and beyond. To address the problem, the study recommends the establishment of community-based conflict resolution mechanisms, improved land-use policies, and government-led initiatives to provide alternative livelihoods for both farmers and herders. It also advocates for increased investment in environmental conservation and climate adaptation strategies to reduce resource-based tensions. This research emphasizes the urgent need for a multi-stakeholder approach involving government agencies, community leaders, civil society organizations, and international partners to foster sustainable development and peace in conflict-prone regions.
Beyond Aggregation: Role of State-Level FPC - MAHA FPC in Managing Volatility in Onion and Pulses Markets
Dhananjay Gaikwad1*, Sagar Wadkar2 & Mahesh Kadam1
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of pulse production trends, onion procurement, and quality recovery under the Price Stabilization Fund (PSF) scheme from 2019 to 2023, with a focus on data associated with MAHA FPC and related regional operations. The findings indicate significant fluctuations in pulse production, with total output reaching 6,74,434.38 metric tonnes (MT) over the four-year period. Gram emerged as the dominant pulse, contributing over 95% of total production, while other pulses such as Moong, Urad, and Tur showed minimal and inconsistent yields, pointing to limited cultivation or reporting gaps. Notably, a peak in production was recorded in 2021–22, driven primarily by a bumper harvest of Gram, likely facilitated by favorable conditions and supportive policies. In terms of onion procurement under the PSF (Price Stabilization Fund) and private trade, a total of 1,21,404.73 MT was procured across five seasons (R-18 to R-23), with PSF accounting for 97.9% of the total volume. A peak was observed in R-20, followed by a gradual decline, reflecting possible shifts in government intervention or market dynamics. The analysis of A- and B-grade onion recovery under PSF-R24 across 11 Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) showed an average A-grade recovery of 63.11% and B-grade recovery of 22.28%. While certain FPCs like Ajinkya Agro FPC demonstrated high A-grade recovery, larger procuring FPCs maintained consistent but average quality levels. The results highlight opportunities for enhancing post-harvest practices and quality management through capacity building. Overall, this multi-year assessment underscores the need for diversification in pulse cultivation, strategic procurement planning, and improved post-harvest handling to strengthen agricultural resilience and market efficiency under PSF schemes.
Conflicts and Food Security in Nigeria: Political Economy Perspective
Shaibu, Ufedo Monday1&2; Ineke, Ugbede Joseph3; Ibitoye, Stephen Jimoh1; Alfa, Enobong Noah1
This paper examines the nexus of conflict and food security in Nigeria through a political economy lens. Nigeria’s multifaceted conflict landscape, comprising insurgency, farmer-herder clashes, militancy, and ethnic-religious tensions, has severely disrupted agricultural productivity, market access, and food distribution. Using a political economy framework, the paper explores how systemic issues such as resource mismanagement, corruption, inequality, and weak institutions exacerbate both conflict and food insecurity. It reviews the historical and structural context of Nigeria’s political economy, analyzes the impact of neoliberal and nationalist policies on agricultural sustainability, and highlights the role of gender, land tenure systems, and the “resource curse” in deepening vulnerability. Drawing on case studies from the Northeast, Middle Belt, and Niger Delta, the paper underscores the centrality of peace building, institutional reform, and sustainable livelihood interventions in achieving long-term food security. It concludes that addressing conflict is imperative for securing Nigeria’s food systems and recommends structural and policy transformations anchored in equity and inclusiveness.
On Different Methods of Estimating Correlation Coefficients
Awogbemi, Clement Adeyeye1; Olowu Abiodun Rafiu2; Oyowei Esueze Augustine1; Osamo Caleb Kehinde3
Correlation analysis uses different methods to measure the extent of relationship between two variables. Different methods of estimating correlation coefficients have been used by various researchers, but the challenge has been using the appropriate methods. In this study, fourteen different methods of estimating correlation coefficients were examined with emphasis on their assumptions, properties and relationships existing among some of the methods. While derivations were made of Pearson’s correlation with its limit; Spearman’s correlation; Biserial and Point Biserial, Kendall’s Tau by neighbor swaps was illustrated with order of performance of numeric data. The relationships among the methods examined showed that Phi coefficient has similar relation with Tetrachoric as Point Biserial relates with Biserial correlation coefficient. It was also established that Pearson’s correlation assesses linear relationship between variables, but Spearman’ rank correlation assesses monotonic relationship.
Service Quality-Customer Satisfaction Nexus in Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB): An Assimilation Theory Adoption
1Chinwe A. Olelewe(Ph.D),2Okolo, Victor Onyebuchi (Ph.D), 3Nnenna G. Nwonye (Ph.D),4Wali, Kemkamma, 5Obikeze, Chinedum Okey(Ph.D), 6Oranusi, Ifeanyichukwu Nwadiogo(Ph.D),7Ikpo, Kobi Pamela, 8Deborah Ngozi Umah(Ph.D)
This research investigated the influence of service quality on customer satisfaction in the banking industry with special focus on Guaranty Trust Bank plc in Enugu metropolis. The specific research objectives were to ascertain the influence of service reliability on customer satisfaction in the banking industry, and to determine the influence of service responsiveness on customer satisfaction in the banking industry, convenience sampling technique was used and Using Cochran’s formula, the sample size of 384 was obtained. for validity of instrument, the research instrument was vetted by professors from both Banking and Finance, and Marketing Departments. A pilot survey was conducted and out of the 25 copies of questionnaire that were distributed, 20 were returned and subjected to reliability test using Cronbach’s Alpha, and 0.779 was obtained. Further, survey method was adopted and copies of structured questionnaires were distributed to 384 respondents who returned adequately filled 250 copies which were collected, collated and used in data analysis. The findings revealed that service reliability has a significant and positive influence on customer satisfaction in the banking industry. Similarly, it was found that service responsiveness has a significant and positive influence on customer satisfaction in the banking industry. Consequently, bank manager must train their staff to equip them with the tenets of reliability and responsiveness so that they would offer customers the expected service they deserve at all times.
Anti-diabetic, Antioxidant and Nutritional Properties of Yoghurt Stabilized with Pumpkin (C. pepo) Pulp Starch
1Ruth Oluwatobi Adetunji, 2Nathaniel Olu Alamuoye, 3Lawrence Kunle Otitoju & 4Anthonia Folake Akinbisoye
This study evaluated the antioxidant, antidiabetic and nutritional properties of yogurt containing pumpkin (C. pepo) starch as a stabilizer. Four varieties of yogurt were produced and designated as PY0 (Yoghurt without stabilizer), PY1 (Yoghurt with 1% pumpkin starch), PY2 (Yoghurt with 2% pumpkin starch), PY3 (Yoghurt with 3% pumpkin starch), while PYC is a Commercial yoghurt. The impact of pumpkin starch on the nutritional content, anti-diabetic potential, and anti-oxidant properties of yoghurt was evaluated. Different percentages of pumpkin starch (1%, 2%, and 3%) were used as raw materials. The enriched yogurt showed a significant increase in crude fiber (0.64-0.79%), ash (0.50-0.93%), and carbohydrate content (6.00-9.37%) compared to commercial yogurt and the control. The antidiabetic potential, including α-amylase inhibition (58.82-59.21%) and α glucosidase inhibition (59.52-74.41%), increased with higher percentages of pumpkin starch. The DPPH radical scavenging properties were in the range of 50.80 %-62.81 %, while the ferric-reducing antioxidant properties were in the range of 2.69-10.34 mg/g. the total phenol and flavonoid were at the range 18.35-26.20 mg GAEg-1 and 7.51-8.39mgQEg-1 respectively. These findings suggest that incorporating pumpkin starch into yogurt production will be a promising approach for enhancing consumer health.
Influence of Graduate Entrepreneurship Fund on Youth Economic Inclusion in Onitsha North L.G.A in Anambra State
1 Dr. Arinze, Emeka Stephen, 2 Dr. Joy Ndidiamaka Okoye, 3 Anyaegbunam, Chioma Ezinwanne
The study examined the influence of graduate entrepreneurship fund on youth economic inclusion in Onitsha North L.G.A in Anambra State. The specifics objectives of this study were to; To identify the influence of financial support on youth economic inclusion in Onitsha North L.G.A in Anambra State; To identify the influence of entrepreneurship training on youth economic inclusion in Onitsha North L.G.A in Anambra State; To examine the influence of entrepreneurial networking on youth economic inclusion in Onitsha North L.G.A in Anambra State. This work anchored on Schumpeter‘s Theory of Entrepreneurship. The study adopted survey method of research. Data were generated through primary and secondary sources. The method for data collection was questionnaire which was administered randomly among the staff of the selected firm. The population of the study was 125, 918, while sample sizes of 398 which were drawn from Taro Yamane formuar. The hypotheses were tested using ANOVA Analysis at 0.05% level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that. Financial support has significant effect on youth economic inclusion in Onitsha North L.G.A in Anambra State: Entrepreneurship training had significant effect on youth economic inclusion in Onitsha North L.G.A in Anambra State. The study recommends that. Seminars, orientation and coaching should be organize in all stipulated locations weekly or monthly to enable all the youths participate duly. Government should take necessary steps to encourage skill acquisition amongst the youths by providing a vocational training center free of charge for all the youths.
Mechanical and Durability Performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete for Sustainable Construction
Devesh Ojha
The increasing pace of urbanization and infrastructure development has led to a substantial rise in the consumption of concrete, exerting significant pressure on natural resources and contributing to environmental degradation. Simultaneously, the disposal of construction and demolition waste (CDW) presents a serious challenge, particularly in densely populated regions. This study aims to address these dual issues by investigating the use of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), derived from demolished concrete, as a partial or full replacement for natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in concrete production. The objective is to evaluate the mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) and to assess its viability for sustainable construction. The experimental program involved designing multiple concrete mixes with varying RCA replacement levels (0% to 100%), keeping other mix parameters constant. Key properties such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, capillary water absorption, drying shrinkage, and air content were evaluated. The results indicate that while RAC exhibits slightly inferior mechanical properties compared to conventional concrete, the performance remains within acceptable limits up to 50% RCA replacement. The presence of adhered mortar on RCA particles was found to increase porosity and water absorption, thereby reducing strength and durability. However, enhancements using ureolytic bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sphaericus) showed notable improvements in compressive strength and resistance to water ingress, attributed to microbial calcium carbonate precipitation. Microstructural studies including SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses confirmed the beneficial impact of bacterial treatment on the internal pore structure and interfacial transition zone (ITZ). Furthermore, a cost-benefit analysis revealed that the use of RCA can lead to significant material cost savings and lower environmental impact. This research supports the adoption of RAC as a feasible, eco-friendly alternative in structural applications, especially when combined with biotechnological enhancements.
Femi Osofisan's The Chattering and the Song: A Dramatist's Perspective Towards Building Resilience and Recovery in a Global Turbulence Time
Dr. Omololu Taiwo Abe
The Nigerian dramatists from the colonial period’s performances of Hubert Ogunde’s ‘Bread and Bullet,’ the post-independence performances of Wole Soyinka’s A Dance of a Forest, and Ogunde’s ‘Yoruba Ronu’ the indigenous radical dramatists have not desist from probing into the future or raising their voices against the ruling class ineptitude that characterized the nation’s growth and development. Today however, theatre seems to have lost its stings and theatrical-current among a few scholars who perceived the theatre scholars/practitioners as professionals whose hues and cries are of less importance in the discussion of the nation’s socio-political albatross. Arguably, turbulence in any form in an ever-expanding national landscape is unavoidable where injustice, unemployment, insurgency, and nepotism reign. However, when turbulence coincides naturally with a national upheaval like the END SARS protest of 2020, and insurgency, it places a nation squarely with an unprecedented time of ‘certain-uncertainty’ which arguably is the new term that suits the Nigeria’s sociopolitical terrain. The nation Nigeria is now bedeviled with insurgency. Various militant and terrorist groups that are mostly dominated by youths have turned the once peaceful nation into a country where foreigners have become skeptical of visiting. While some of these groups are hiding under the claim of fighting for equality in the sharing nation’s wealth, some believed that the nation Nigeria as ceded to them by the Colonial Masters, while most are religion fundamentalists who see other religions faithful as infidels. This paper examines Femi Osofisan’s perspective as a dramatist who believes that sociopolitical turbulence is a humanly created disaster and building resilience and recovery lies in the collective efforts of the citizenry. The paper concludes that in moat sociopolitical calamitous issues which hinder the growth, development and peaceful co-existence of citizens, the youths are the principal players and participants and, it is this category that surfers the significances of most turbulence.
The Long and Short-Run Nexus Between Electronic Tax Systems and Revenue Generation in Nigeria
1Akalisuo, James Namuon; 2Modum, Ikenna Chijioke; 3Prof. Edith O. Onyeanu
This study examined the long and short-run nexus between electronic tax systems and revenue generation in Nigeria. The study examines the relationship between value-added tax, company income tax, petroleum profit tax, and company gain tax and total electronictax revenues in Nigeria. The study adopted a correlational research design. The target population includes all tax types collected by the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) and the total revenue collected by the government of Nigeria. The non-probability sampling technique was used to select four types of taxes thatwere used and deemed fit in this study. To the researcher’s knowledge, these taxes are the country’s most well-known and collected taxes. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds test approach was adopted to examine the study’s objective. The findings of this study show that the Value-added tax has a negative and significant relationship with the aggregate revenue generated. Petroleum profit tax and company gain tax showed a positive but non-significant relationship with the aggregate revenue generated in Nigeria for the period under study. Hence, this study recommendsthat the government critically evaluate the VAT collection process, eliminate bureaucratic procedures, and improve transparency. Tax administrators need to enlightenthe general public on the need to queue into the electronic tax system to remit VAT. Tax authorities should encourage companies by creating awareness of paying taxes to improve the aggregate revenue generated, which the companies would also benefit from. All companies can be mandated to fully automate their tax payment by completing their e-registration and e-filing. This will reduce the incidences of tax avoidance, increase tax revenue collected via electronic filing and increase the aggregate revenue collected.
Third Party Risk Management and Data Privacy Leveraging AI
Samson, Adegbenro A.
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) into third-party risk management (TPRM) has transformed processes for vendor risk assessment, anomaly detection, and contract review. This paper carefully examines the role of AI in addressing key challenges in Third-Party Risk Management while maintaining data privacy. A thorough search technique, compliant with PRISMA rules, retrieved 116 papers from databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, and JSTOR, of which 36 were chosen for in-depth qualitative analysis. The findings of the study indicates that AI-driven predictive analytics improves accuracy of vendor risk assessments, whilst anomaly detection techniques strengthen operational resilience. In addition, AI-driven contract review solutions enhance the efficiency of due diligence and adherence to regulatory standards such as GDPR. However, the issues surrounding data privacy, algorithmic biases, and governance remain prevalent. Policy recommendations include promoting transparency, ethical governance of AI, and establishing effective compliance mechanisms. Finally, future research should look into AI scalability, inter-industry comparisons, and the possibilities of emerging technologies such as block chain in Third Party Risk Management (TPRM).
Recruitment Process and Reward System in the Zambian Higher Education Sector, A Business-Re-Engineering Approach
1Jacqueline Siwale & 2Gift Masaiti
The purpose of the study was to establish how faculty recruitment process and reward system is structured in the Zambian higher education sector, using Business Process Reengineering (BPR) as a framework for improvement. Grounded in a pragmatic philosophical foundation that combines relativist ontology with both positivist and interpretivist epistemologies, the study employed a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design. Stratified, convenience, purposive, and criterion sampling techniques were used to ensure inclusive and relevant representation across 33 institutions, where 21 had formal recruitment policies and 11 relied on informal alternatives. Quantitative data including salary schedules, workload documents, and survey questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS version 30, revealing a high mean score (M = 4.3367) for recruitment clarity and a low mean (M = 2.8878) for workload acceptance, with Pearson’s correlation analysis showing no statistically significant relationships among terminal benefits, academic qualifications, reward attractiveness, and perceived fairness. Factor analysis was validated by a significant Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (p < 0.001), a marginally acceptable KMO value (0.515), and a highly reliable overall scale (Cronbach’s α = 0.962). Qualitative data derived from interviews, focus groups, and policy documents were analyzed through reflective thematic, content, and document analysis, revealing structured systems and defined salary scales in public institutions, in contrast to inconsistent practices and limited recognition in private ones. The findings were interpreted using Equity Theory, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, highlighting the centrality of fairness, recognition, and alignment between effort and reward. Based on these insights, the study recommends the formalization of recruitment processes in private institutions, structured staff development and reward systems, and the implementation of transparent, equitable reward systems to enhance faculty motivation, retention, and overall institutional performance.
Capital Market Variables and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Disaggregated Approach
1Orji, Ogbonnaya I. (PhD); 2Nnabu, Bernard E. (PhD); 3Kanwanye, Hilary T. (PhD); 4Ogbaga, Kenneth Chukwuemeka; 5Nweze, Paul Nweze
The quest to achieve economic progress in Nigeria cannot succeed without financial intermediation. This study therefore evaluated the impact of capital market development on the Nigerian economy using regression analysis. The variables of the study are gross domestic product (GDP), the value of stock market transactions, government stock capitalization, corporate bond capitalisation, and equity bond capitalisation, with gross capital formation and total labour force as control variables. The study used annual time series data for Nigeria for the period 1986-2022. The preliminary unit root test indicated that all the variables of the study are all stationary at the first difference based on the augmented Dickey-Fuller method. The result of the Johansen cointegration test revealed that the variables have a long-run relationship. The findings from the vector error correction mechanism (VECM)estimates are summarized as follows: the value of stock market transactions has a significant positive impact on the long-run economic growth with a regression coefficient of 0.24; government stock capitalization has a significant and negative impact on the long-run economic growth with a regression coefficient of -0.06; corporate bond capitalisation has a significant and positive impact on economic growth with a regression coefficient of 0.10; and equity bond capitalisation has a significant and positive impact on economic growth in Nigeria with a regression coefficient of 0.298.The study concludes that stock market development aimed at increasing the market capitalization will help to boost economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, the federal government of Nigeria, through the relevant agencies like the Central Bank of Nigeria, should implement monetary policies aimed at increasing the value of stock market transactions to achieve economic growth in the long run.
Analyzing Post-GST Volatility in the NIFTY 50 Index: A GARCH Based Approach
1 Ms. Sonia Dara; 2 Dr. Parveen Kumar*; 3Dr. Parminder Singh
The study examines the impact of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) implementation on the volatility of the NIFTY 50 index. Using a GARCH model, we explore the market's reaction before and after GST enforcement, incorporating Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) as exogenous variables. Our findings suggest a significant shift in market volatility post-GST, indicating a structural change in investor sentiment and market dynamics. The results provide valuable insights into how major economic reforms influence financial markets, assisting policymakers and investors in understanding risk behaviour and market efficiency in response to fiscal changes.
A Comprehensive Study of Supratrochlear Foramen of Humerus and its Clinical Perspective - An Anatomical Study
1Adabala N. V. V. Veerraju; 2B. Narayana Rao; 3Pasupuleti Lakshmana Rao3
Introduction: The distal humerus contains the olecranon fossa and the coronoid fossa, which are partitioned by a thin bony septum that may occasionally perforate and present a supratrochlear foramen. It is not commonly mentioned about the supratrochlear foramen in standard textbooks of anatomy and orthopedics. Knowledge of the supratrochlear foramen is very essential in planning the surgical procedures involving the lower end of the humerus and preventing misinterpretation of radiographs of the elbow joint. Aim: The present study aims at assessing the prevalence, morphology, and morphometry of the supratrochlear foramen of the humerus in relation to size, shape, and distance from the epicondyles and margin of the trochlea. Materials and methods: 318 dry humeri were examined, out of which 165 belonged to the right side and 153 belonged to the left side. The prevalence, degree of perforation, shape, and dimensions of the STF were recorded. The distance of the medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, and lower margin of the trochlea from the nearest margin of the STF was recorded. The distance between the medial and lateral epicondyles was recorded, and the TD/DMLE ratio was calculated. Results: The prevalence of the supratrochlear foramen observed in our study is 31.13%. The prevalence of various shapes of the STF are oval (43.43%), round (25.25%), reniform (14.14%), rectangular (7.07%), triangular (4.04%), irregular (3.03%), and sieve-like (3.03%). Conclusion: The supratrochlear foramen is mainly observed in primates. The STF may be an evolutionary relation between the humans and lower animals. The findings would be very helpful to anatomists, anthropologists, forensic experts, orthopedic surgeons, and radiologists in their day-to-day clinical practice. The knowledge of the STF is especially useful to orthopedic surgeons in surgical prelude of the supracondylar fractures of the humerus like intramedullary nailing.
A Comprehensive Review on Role of Salicylic Acid (SA) Against Lead (Pb) Induced Toxic Responses in Plants
Arushi Sankhyan; Preeti Kumari; Sumil Chauhan; Mishmi Paul; Shailika Sharma; Aditi Bisht
Lead (Pb) toxicity emerging as a major environmental issue because of its pervasiveness and persistence, which negatively impacts the growth and development of agriculturally important crops. Pb exposure causes serious physiological and biochemical changes in plants, such as oxidative stress, reduced photosynthesis, changed nutrient uptake, stunted growth, impaired metabolism, etc. Although, plants have diverse inherent mechanisms, for example, activation of antioxidant enzymes, phytochelatin synthesis, osmolyte production, etc. to cope with metal toxicity, however they are not sufficient to alleviate the toxicity completely. In order to combat stress induced damages, recently application of various phytohormones and signaling molecules has drawn interest due to their potential to strengthen plant defenses against heavy metal stress. A naturally occurring phenolic compound called salicylic acid (SA) has become one of the most important modulators of plant stress tolerance. SA improves plant resistance to metal stress by modulating various physiological and biochemical reactions. Moreover, SA aids in the control of metal accumulation and transport byregulating ionic homeostasis and modulating antioxidant defense machinery. By keeping all this in mind, the present study addresses the role of SA in eliminating the negative impact of Pb toxicity on plants. Moreover, this review also highlights the interactive role of SA with other phytohormones in negating the impact of diverse abiotic stressors on plants, through sustainable manner.
Healthy Work-Life Balance among Teachers
1lourdes M. Trajano, EDD; 2Jamaica Luisa D. Simon, MAGC
This study aims to determine the healthy work-life balance of the teachers of Baguio Central University. The respondents are 82 teachers from the elementary, junior high school, senior high school, and undergraduate. The researchers made use of descriptive research design and descriptive survey method. The findings of the study are, the frequency of use of healthy work-life balance strategies of teachers is often, the level of effectiveness of the healthy work-life balance strategies used by teachers is moderately effective and the degree of seriousness of the healthy work-life balance strategies is moderately serious. From the findings the following are the conclusions: Teachers are able to apply the strategies of a healthy work-life balance to maintain their physical, emotional, and mental well-being. Also, teachers recognize the importance of the strategies to maintain a healthy work-life balance. They select strategies depending on the circumstances, job requirements, and personal preferences. Lastly, teachers intermittently experience problems on how to maintain a healthy work-life balance due to salary deficiency, high work load and job demands and poor planning.
Proxy Voting in Corporate Governance and Financial Performance in Nigeria
1Ugwu, Ikechukwu Virginus, Ph.D; 2Chude, Daniel Izuchukwu, Ph.D; 3Edwin, Chukwu Okoro, Ph.D; 4Okeke, Chidimma Odira, Orcidi
This study focused on proxy voting, shareholder influence PVSI in corporate governance and financial performance using oil firms in Nigeria (2013-2023). Proxy voting and shareholder influence PVSI, Executive compensation EXC and Board financial expertise BFE were used as the independent variables; while Return on asset ROA proxy financial performance was used as dependent variable. Population of this study comprised all the thirteen (13) major listed oil and gas firms, while a purposive sampling method was applied to select six firms with the required data for the study. Data was gathered from the six sampled firms and the analyses applied: Descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlations, Variance Inflations Factor VIF and Panel Regression. Among the results showed the existence of a significant relationship among the variances in the estimated regression model. Then, R-square and the adjusted R-square values of the model: individually and collectively accounted for 43% and 37% respectively of the ROA of the studied firms; while the remaining was attributable to other factors beyond this study. The three explanatory variables’ results indicated that: PVSI is negative and significant; EXC is positive and none significant and BFE is positive and significant on ROA of the pooled firms for the period. Recommendations based on the findings are: PVSI and EXC, both should be monitored carefully in corporate governance; BFE persons needed to be trained or, better qualified persons should be employed. The study contributes with the inclusion of relatively new variable “proxy voting”, result based on the “specific industry”; the vast literatures and empirical review for academia. The implications of this study in practice is that the findings were based on the selected oil sectors and not in all sectors in Nigeria; and thus the PVSI found negative and significant may not be generalized in industries, and in other countries industries until otherwise, confirmed through further studies.
Voters' Participation of 2021 Governorship Election in Anambra State: An Evaluation of Blogs and Youtube Platforms
Rita Oluebube Ekeka Nwafor1, Cosmas Anayochukwu Nwankwo2, Nkoli Augustina Chendo3, Adaora Florence Okeke4
The use of social media has been identified as a new possibility that will enhance political process and build a robust democracy in the modern world. The reason of the study is to evaluate the effect of social media on voters’ participation in the 2021 governorship election in Anambra State. The specific objectives of the study were to: determine the effect of blogs/forums and YouTube on voters’ participation in the 2021 governorship election in Anambra State. Survey research design was adopted. The population of this study comprised of all the registered voters in the three senatorial zones of Anambra State, Nigeria, totaling 338,134, while the sample size of 347 was used for the study. This was determined using proportionate stratified random sampling and convenience sampling techniques. The instrument was a questionnaire which was face validated while test-retest reliability was employed to verify the internal consistency. The study data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 27 software. Linear regression analysis were employed to assess research hypotheses while the significance level for the research hypotheses was set at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that Blogs/forums have significant effect on voters’ participation in the 2021 governorship election in Anambra State and that Youtube has a significant effect on voters’ participation in the 2021 governorship election in Anambra State. The researchers recommended among others that political candidates should improve their strategies especially where it concern blogs to engage citizens by understanding the public’s perception of political parties and how shared content on blogs and Youtube platforms which influences their intention to vote.
School-Based Management: Strategic Planning Practices of Secondary School Heads in Baguio City
1 Christine S. Luyosen, 2 Pacita E. Gawaen
This paper examines the crucial role of strategic planning in school-based management (SBM), a global educational reform strategy that decentralizes decision-making at the school level. SBM empowers school heads and stakeholders to define their vision, mission, and goals collaboratively, fostering a more inclusive and context-specific educational environment. Effective strategic planning enables schools to take ownership of their development, promoting focused, efficient, and effective learning. The process involves a shift from traditional top-down management to a collaborative approach, actively engaging school leaders, teachers, parents, students, and community members in shaping the school's trajectory. The success of SBM and strategic planning, however, is influenced by several factors. School heads require strong leadership skills, including the ability to create a compelling vision, allocate resources, and monitor progress. Challenges such as inadequate training, limited resources, resistance to change, and difficulties in stakeholder engagement can hinder effective implementation. To overcome these obstacles, schools must adopt a data-driven approach, adapt strategies to their unique contexts, and ensure the availability of necessary resources. Research indicates that effective strategic planning can lead to improved school performance, including enhanced academic outcomes and organizational efficiency. Key elements for successful implementation include active stakeholder involvement, robust leadership capacity, data-driven decision-making, contextual adaptation and flexibility, and sound resource management. This study will utilize survey questionnaires and interviews as primary research methods to gather data from secondary school heads of Baguio City. These methods aim to capture both quantitative and qualitative insights into current strategic planning practices and their effectiveness. The expected outcome of this study is to identify strategic planning practices that significantly enhance school effectiveness and academic performance, particularly within the context of secondary schools in Baguio City. This paper also emphasizes that future research should explore the specific strategic planning practices that lead to improved school effectiveness, identify effective strategies for supporting school heads, and investigate the unique dynamics of strategic planning within specific contexts.
Influence of Yam Farmers' Socioeconomic Characteristics on Access to Production Resources in Kogi State, Nigeria
1Oluyomi, Sunday Moses, 2Oluyomi, Nancy Banke,1Opeyemi, Gbenga, 1Oyibo, Felix Ojochogwu & 1Shaibu, Ufedo Monday
This study examined the influence of yam farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics on their access to production resources in Kogi State, Nigeria. A structured sampling procedure aligned with the Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) framework was employed. This involved a multi-stage sampling technique that selected 50% of the zones, 25% of blocks and cells, and five registered yam farmers per cell, resulting in a sample size of 120 respondents. Data were collected using a structured interview schedule and analyzed through descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that most respondents were male (85.0%) and married (89.2%), with a significant proportion lacking formal education (69.2%). Furthermore, 74.2% were not members of any farmers’ association, and a similar percentage lacked cosmopolitan exposure. The average age of respondents was 43.5 years, with a household size of 6 persons, farming experience of 12.4 years, anda farm size of 1.6 hectares. Notably, 69.2% of the farmers reported low access to production resources. Regression analysis revealed that age, sex, formal education, years of farming experience, cooperative membership, cosmopolitanism, extension contact, and annual income had positive and significant effects on access to production resources. The model yielded an R² value of 0.825, indicating that these variables explained 82.5% of the variation in access. It is recommended that policy interventions prioritize the variables that significantly affect access to production resources to improve farmers’ productivity, food self-sufficiency, and national food security.
Value Co-Creation and Service Innovation of Deposit Money Banks in North Central, Nigeria
Ochanya Blessing Adegbe1; Emmanuel Kalu Agbaeze2; Helen Emiene Ikwue3; Bukola Rebecca Oyeleye4; Ebere Jennifer Ilediagu5
Customer (user) involvement in creating value has become increasingly important globally due to its impact on unlocking new sources of competitive advantage. However, the majority of research on value co- creation and its impact on service innovation consists of systematic reviews and conceptual clarifications from other sectors, such as tourism and healthcare, accompanied by inconsistencies in findings. This highlights a gap that necessitates empirical investigation, particularly as there are few empirical studies focused on the banking sector (Deposit Money Banks) in Nigeria. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate value co-Creation and service innovation of Deposit Money Banks in North Central, Nigeria. The study adopted a survey design. The population comprised 817 banks in North Central, Nigeria, and the sample size was 269. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were applied. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis, while Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) tested the hypotheses with the aid of SPSS AMOS. The results revealed that Access (β = 0. 205, p <. .001) and Flexibility (β = 0. 405, p <. .001) have positive significant effects on new service concepts, while Dialogue (β = 0. 039, p =. .493) has no significant effect on new service concepts. The results also confirm that Access (β = 0. 384, p <. .001) and Dialogue (β = 0. 167, p =. .004) have positive significant effects on the new customer- firm interface, while Flexibility (β = 0. 072, p =. .226) does not have a positive significant effect on the new customer- firm interface. Lastly, the results revealed that Access (β = 0. 451, p <. .001) and Flexibility (β = 0. 158, p =. .006) have positive significant effects on the new value system, whereas Dialogue (β = 0. 057, p =. .311) does not have a positive significant effect on the new value system. The study suggests that organizations should prioritize access as a fundamental enabler of innovation, customer relationships, and value creation. Additionally, organizations should develop flexible business models by implementing agile service structures that can quickly adapt to changing customer needs.
Emerging Trends of Training Middle Level Manpower Needed in Electrical Installation and Maintenance Work: An Impetus towards Socio- Economic Development in Oyo State
1Adedeji, Soji. Aderemi, PhD, 2Odede Simeon Oluwole, 3Engr.Amuda, S.O, 4Mr. Aderibigbe, Babatunde Oloyede
The research study sought to examine the emerging trends of training middle level manpower needed in electrical installation and maintenance work as an impetus towards socio-economic development in Oyo State. A descriptive design survey was adopted to harvest the information, views and opinions from the respondents. The population of two hundred (200) involving fifty lectures and instructors while one hundred and fifty (150)of the final years of the students used for the study. The reasons for considering the final year students of Oyo State Government Technical was because their involvement in practical task in the school workshops. Three research questions were raised for the study. The instrument for the data collection was tagged “Emerging trends of training middle level manpower needed in electrical installation and maintenance work Questionnaire (ETTMMNEIMWQ)”. Three experts involving two from measurement and evaluation department and one from the department of technical education, Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo, Oyo State validated the instrument using face and content validity. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient to obtain 0.75 reliability index. A pilot test was carried out in Ogun State and was observed for two weeks to obtain the same results, indicating that the result of the instrument is reliable and appropriate to measure what was expected to measure. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to analysis the data collected using five likert of Strongly Agree= 5, Agree=4, Disagree=3, Strongly Disagree=2 and Undecided= 1 at a cut-off points greater than or equal to3.0 and 0.50 as Agree while below 3.0 and 0.50 as Disagree using the SPSS 22 edition . Discussion of findings of the study revealed that the emerging trends of modern electrical tools in installations and maintenance work available in training middle level manpower for socio-economic development in Oyo State were adequate to outwit the outdated ones so as to enable the middle level man power to be dynamic in the use of modern tools for electrical installation and maintenance work in their day today activities among others, while conclusion and recommendations were made among which was that the middle level manpower should be trained and retrained on how to make use of the modern electrical tools, equipment and machines in line with the manufacturers’ instructional guides.
Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and Sensory Motor Training on Balance Measures and Nerve Conduction Studies in Individuals Suffering from Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Meghna singh1, Shireen Rehman2, Sonam Verma3, Vrinda Sharma4, Gaurav Aggarwal5
Background & purpose: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy involves nerve damage in the hands, arms, legs, and feet caused by prolonged high blood sugar levels. It shows signs of nerve problems in a diabetic person after ruling out other causes. This condition may lead to muscle wasting, fat loss, discomfort, tingling, reduced sensory and motor issues in the limbs. The prevalence of this condition is even higher when including. Those without obvious symptoms. Approximately 54% of individuals with Type 1 Diabetes and 45% with Type 2 Diabetes develop nerve complications. The age when diabetes starts and other underlying biological differences contribute to the varying rates of neuropathy among individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, people with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes have similar rates of this complication. In an aging population with more lifestyle-related diseases, peripheral neuropathy in middle-aged individuals is becoming a more significant concern, and women are slightly more prone to it than men. The purpose of the study mentioned is to investigate how proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and sensory motor training affect nerve function tests and balance in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Design: A cross-sectional study. Subjects: A total of thirty individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were assigned, the participants were split into two groups: Group A and Group B. Method: In this study, patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were selected. Group a received proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, whereas Group B received sensory motor training for three weeks. The individuals were split into two groups of fifteen each. The outcome measures employed are Neuropathy score measured by (MNSI) and balance by (BBS) and (NCS) for measuring the integrity of nerves. Over course of three weeks, the participants received procedure in a total of twenty-one sessions. Result: The current investigation has employed descriptive statistical analysis. The mean+SD (min-max) is used to display the results of continuous measurements. Regarding the aspect of balance, the neuropathic screening instrument, alongside the parameters of nerve conduction study (NCS), revealed substantial enhancement (p < 0.0001) when subjected to independent t-tests within groups comparison and paired t-tests within groups comparison. However, Group B demonstrated greater improvement than Group A did in these areas, indicating better clinical outcomes for those who received sensory motor training. Conclusion: The results revealed that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and sensory motor training were equally effective- but that sensory motor training was more effective than proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.
Success Factors for Congolese SMEs in the International Context
Prince Valnis Kester Moloumba Mokango1, Joel Mahirishi Abongo Itoua2, Theophile Bindeoue Nasse3
Internationalization is considered a growth strategy that contributes to the performance of SMEs internationally. With this in mind, the objective of this research is to identify the success factors of Congolese SMEs internationally. To achieve this objective, a qualitative prism is used, an interview guide is designed and submitted, through semi-structured interviews, to field actors working within the Hôtel Léon in the Republic of Congo. This methodology made it possible to collect data that rightly affirm that the success factors of Congolese SMEs internationally are explained by the profile of the manager, the culture at the antipodes of the values taught, the cumulative experience and the anticipatory monitoring. These results obtained in the field contribute significantly to the evolution of organizational strategies within SMEs. The theme of the result on anticipatory monitoring, being little studied in Congolese literature, constitutes the originality of our research and brings added value in the development of international strategies for Congolese SMEs.
Optimizing Mechanisms and Exploring Paths of Elderly Volunteer Services in Urban Communities - A Case Study of Community Y
Liuyang ; Liu Jiarong
In recent years, with the growing aging population, by the end of 2023, the number of elderly people aged 60 and above in China reached 296.97 million, accounting for more than 20% of the total population. According to international standards, China has now entered the category of moderately aging countries. In response to the large 'silver-haired group', the Chinese government proposed the 'Silver Age Action' plan, encouraging retired seniors to return to service as volunteers and contribute to social services and community governance. As a well-developed urban community, Community Yin Beijing has a relatively mature elderly volunteer service organization system, which has to some extent addressed the difficulties retired seniors face during identity transitions. However, due to the short establishment time of the organization, there are certain issues in organizational structure and operational systems. This study selects Community Y as the research subject and, based on the current problems and shortcomings of elderly volunteer service organizations, explores multiple ways to stimulate enthusiasm for service among urban elderly volunteers. These include effective implementation of the government’s “Silver Age Action”, innovation in elderly volunteer service pathways, the crucial support of grassroots community organizations, and active participation by the 'silver-haired group'. The goal is to promote the long-term development of urban elderly volunteer service organizations, facilitate high-quality development of elderly volunteer services and the 'Silver Age Action', and expand the brand influence of the initiative.
Cryopreservation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: Recent Advances and Challenges
1Gangisha; 2Shailika Sharma; 3Aditi Bisht
Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are regarded as a rich source of secondary metabolites that hold great potential for use in a range of industries, such as herbals, cosmetics, medications, and food flavoring. Medicinal and aromatic plants are currently under a serious threat from unauthorized collection because of their extensive use in the food industry and herbal medicine. Therefore, protecting these natural resources must be a top priority. So, the process of using extremely low temperature (-196?)is used to maintain living, structurally intact cells and tissues is known as cryopreservation. Explants are used in cryopreservation to preserve biological material for later use are the fundamental component of effective cryopreservation procedures because they provide a consistent source of tissue that may regenerate following freezing, which makes them crucial for biodiversity preservation, agricultural advancements, and genetic conservation. Strategies based on vitrification have been employed, such as droplet-vitrification and cryoplate etc. This review focuses on the core concepts of cryopreservation techniques and how they are applied on different kind of explants, explore the significance of several explant characteristics, including size and source.
Walking into Pain: A Study of Footwear- Related Low Back Pain in Female Academicians
1Dr. Reetika Singh, 2Prof.Dr.Ankit Bhargava,3Dr. Chanchal Sharma 4 Dr. Aakanksha Sharma, 5Dr. Mansi Dhabhai, 6Dr. Kavya Dashora
Background: Most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder among working women is low back pain, especially those in academic professions. The type of footwear used for longer period is one of the factor that affects the foot pressure and spinal alignment causes back pain. Footwear, particularly heel height and type, has been implicated in contributing to foot pain and back discomfort. Objective: Purpose of this study is to investigate the how common is low back pain among female academicians in correlation with wearing shoes, flats and different heel heights regularly. Methods: A survey that was cross-sectional was carried out among 300 female academicians across various departments in universities. Participants completed a structured questionnaire assessing wearing of shoes flats and heels on regular basis for more than 6 hours and incidence of low back pain. Statistical analysis was used to determine associations between footwear types and reported LBP. Result: 64% of respondents reported experiencing low back pain. High-heel wearers (>5 cm) had a significantly higher prevalence of LBP (90.6%) compared to those wearing low heels (61.1%) and shoes (31%). Inadequate arch support and prolonged standing while wearing unsupportive footwear were also significantly correlated with higher LBP incidence (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The development of low back discomfort in female academicians is significantly influenced by the type of heel and the support provided by the footwear. The occurrence of LBP may be decreased by wearing ergonomic, low-heeled shoes. In order to manage academic professionals' musculoskeletal health, awareness and preventative measures are essential.
Human Capital Flight and Youth Entrepreneurship: New Evidence from Nigeria
Jane Ogochukwu Ben-Caleb1, Egbide Ben-Caleb2, Joseph Ugochukwu Madugba3, Olatunji Fadeyi4, Felicia Abiodun Oyewole5, Alice Ojile-Matthew David6
Purpose: This study investigates the relationship between human capital flight and youth entrepreneurship among undergraduate students at a private university in Nigeria. Human capital flight, popularly referred to as ‘japa’ has emerged as a significant impediment to Nigeria’s economic development, particularly through the loss of young entrepreneurial talent. Methodology: The study conceptualizes human capital flight using two constructs: intention to emigrate (ITM) and risk perception (RPT), while entrepreneurial motivation (MOT) and perceived quality of education (QED) serve as indicators of youth entrepreneurship. Data were collected from 254 respondents and analysed using a two-step partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. Findings: The findings reveal that intention to emigrate significantly enhances entrepreneurial motivation but does not significantly affect students' perceptions of the quality of education received. Moreover, risk perception was found to have a positive and highly significant relationship with entrepreneurial motivation (β = 0.406,p < 0.001). Implications for theory and practice: The study highlights the need for comprehensive policy interventions that address the socio-economic drivers of human capital flight and foster a more supportive entrepreneurial ecosystem to harness the potential of Nigerian youth for national development. Its originality lies in its integrated approach, bridging two streams of literature (brain drain and youth entrepreneurship) within the under-researched context of Nigerian higher education students.
Utility of Syzygium Jambolanum Q in Type II Diabetes Mellitus-A Randomized Clinical Study without Control Group
Dr. Poonam Singh1, Dr. Pranesh Kumar Singh2, Dr. Manisha Shrivastava3, Dr. Rekha Juneja4
Diabetes mellitus is most common problem now days in developing country. Incidence of type II Diabetes Mellitus increses day by day continuesly. Diabetes mellitus is a life style releted disorder. Aim of this study was role of Syzygium Jambolanum Q in case of Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: The study was conducted at Sri Gnaganagar Homoeopathic Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar. Study design was interventional trial without control. In this study total 30 cases of type II Diabetes Mellitus were treated according to various criteria mentioned in methedology. Samples were selected by simple ramdom sampling method. Paired T test use for stastical analysis. Result: out of 30 cases studied, 18 were male and 12 were females. The average ages of patient were 55.96 ±5.5 years and the majority of patient between age group 50-60 years. After Pre and Post stastical analysis show that after taking the Syzijium Jambolanum Q the Fasting and Post Prondialblood sugar level decreses that was significant. Syzygium Jambolanum Q show cahnge in Fasting blood sugar level (Mean±SD) 147.83 ±15.54 to 100.43 ± 14.23 mg/dl, Post Prandial Blood Sugar Level (Mean±SD) 235.33 ±19.25 to 149.93 ± 15.37 mg/dl. Conclusion: This study was an attempt to evaluate the effect of Syzygium Jambolanum Q on FBS and PPBS with apropriate satstical analysis.
A Multimodal Recipe Recommendation System Using Computer Vision and Multi-Agent LLM Framework
Rolly Gupta, Aditya Agarwal, Ansh Gupta, Anant Sharma, Gaurav Verma
This paper introduces an innovative recipe recommendation system that integrates a vision model with a large language model (LLM) enhanced by Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and a suite of specialized AI agents within a graph-based architecture. The system provides personalized recipe suggestions based on users’ dietary preferences, ingredient availability, and cooking skill levels. It highlights the ability to deliver ground truth recipes without hallucination or fabrication by leveraging RAG for verified data retrieval and a Hallucination Grader agent to ensure accuracy. The vision component utilizes YOLO v11, selected for its high accuracy in image-based ingredient detection, which seamlessly feeds data into the recommendation pipeline. The LLM, augmented with a RAG model for web scraping and local data storage, is supported by seven AI agents: an Input Preprocessing Agent for initial input processing, a Data Source Router Agent for data retrieval, a Recipe Relevance Grader for context validation, a Recipe Suggestion Generator for response creation, a Hallucination Grader to minimize fabrications, a Recommendation Quality Assessor for quality assessment, and a Question Re-writer Agent to refine queries. Drawing from multi-agent frameworks in recommendation systems (e.g., Zhang et al., 2023), these agents enhance personalization, accuracy, and user trust through iterative evaluation and optimization within the graph-based workflow. Furthermore, the system excels in adapting to user conversations, ensuring dynamic and contextually relevant interactions that improve the overall user experience, and can scrape recipes from the web to continuously enrich the RAG database with diverse culinary content. Experimental results from a pilot study in Noida, India, underscore the system’s effectiveness, with metrics like a 78% Click-Through Rate and 4.6/5 User Ratings, presenting a robust solution for adaptive culinary assistance.
Motivations of Graduate Students Enrolled in Foreign Language Courses
1John Carlo Princesa Unson, 2Gregerlin Imbat Lambenicio
Motivation is the driving force behind learning foreign languages. As a result of the pandemic, schooling shifted to online learning, so is students’ motivation the same? This article investigated the motivation levels and solutions for ensuring learners' motivation among 13 graduate students from the University of the Cordilleras in Baguio City. Quantitative data were analyzed using weighted mean, while qualitative data were evaluated thematically and narratively. Graduate students were shown to be highly motivated to learn foreign languages for career and economic advancement, global citizenship, communication, affiliation with foreigners, self-satisfaction, self-efficacy, and cultural integration. Furthermore, the following suggestions for assuring learning motivation are technology assistance for teachers, online interactive activities, games, and tools, timely feedback, appropriate pacing, revisiting course content and focusing on essentials, inviting native speakers, and personalized consultations. Only thirteen graduate students from the University of the Cordilleras in Baguio City were the subject of this investigation. It did not indicate findings that applied to all foreign language courses and doctorate students in the Philippines, so research with a bigger sample size is required.
Role of Secondary Education in Women Empowerment: Issues and Impact
1Tamoshree Guha; 2Dr. Madhurima Chakraborty
Women’s empowerment is an important issue in India as well as for all nations. It is because of mainly long exploitation, discrimination and dominance on women over the years together. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how secondary girl students can combat against gender inequality and discrimination in access to their education at the secondary school level in India. The authors try to focus on different issues and challenges such as gender inequality, status of secondary girl students and other socio-economic matters. The authors attempt to highlight the role of secondary education of adolescent girl students in India for the empowerment of women. Different issues for influencing women empowerment status and impact of secondary education for increasing their strength and self confidence in home, society and walk place.
The Challenge of Ethnicity to Nigerian Technological Breakthrough: The Case of the Nigerian Civil War Innovations
Ighodalo Joseph Ejemheare
The Nigerian state has been fraught with ethnic antagonism since independence. The Nigerian Civil War fought between the Nigerian Government and the Biafra was not without ethnic interest. When the war broke out, the effective blockade of the Nigerian forces resulted in a shortage of supplies on the part of the Biafra. At this point, the Biafra developed its technological innovations to prosecute the war. In the Nigerian Civil War publications, a great emphasis seems to have been placed on ethnic issues. Ethnic coverage has not adequately covered ethnic impediments in harnessing the civil war technological discoveries. Therefore, to fulfill this fundamental objective, this paper examines the challenge of ethnicity in Nigerian technological breakthroughs using the Nigerian Civil War as a case study. The paper argues that if not for ethnic antagonism, the Biafra technological discoveries during the war would have been the best time for Nigeria's technological takeoff. Similarly, the negative employment of ethnicity by the political leaders to advance regional interest at the detriment of national one was a factor in the inability of Nigeria state to harness the war's technological discoveries. Using a qualitative research method, the paper concludes that absorbing the ex-Biafra military personnel would have technologically determined the essence of Nigeria today.
Hydrocarbon Contamination and Heavy Metal Levels in Ground water: A Case Study of Remediated Crude oil Spill Sites in Obite, Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area, Rivers State
1Nwoko-Omere, Chiyanigam Kindness; 2Okwelum, Anthonia Onyenibe; 3Emmanuel, Jessica Chidinma; 4Dr. Okwelum, C. O.
Introduction: The exploration and exploitation of crude oil continues to rise, there is a corresponding increase in environmental pollution due to these activities. Incidents of oil spill during oil company operations contribute to major oil spill incidents offshore and onshore. The use and distribution of crude oil around the world continues to pose a threat to the environment. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study design was used for this study. This study was carried out in Obite in Ogba/ Egbema/ Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. Rivers State is one of the 36 states of Nigeria. In the year 2016, the Port Harcourt metropolis was as an estimated population of 1,865,000 inhabitants up from 1,382,592 as of 2006. The data from the laboratory was entered into SPSS version 25 for data analysis. Inferential statistics, independent T test was performed. The p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant result. Results: The shows that the THC in the tap water sources was below WHO acceptable limit with a value of (<0.01 mg/l vs 3mg/l). The value of the PAH (mg/l) of the tap water was below the WHO acceptable limit with a value of (<0.001 vs 0.2 μg/L). The result also showed the concentration of Phosphate, PO43- of tap water was higher than the WHO acceptable limit (0.17 vs 0.005 - 0.05). The Nitrate (0.4 vs 10), Arsenic (<0.001 vs 10), were below the WHO acceptable limit. Also, Mercury (<0.001 vs 0.001), Lead (<0.001 vs 0.0015), Iron (<0.001 vs 0.3) in the tap water were below than the WHO acceptable level. Conclusion: This study investigated the quality of drinking water from crude oil remediated sites. It found that Total Hydrocarbons (THC) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were present in the water, although Total Hydrocarbons (THC) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were within WHO-recommended limits.
Fintech Innovations, Regulations and Sustainable Development in Nigeria
1Emmanuel Olayinka Oluwaseye; 2Alexander Ehimare Omankhanlen; 3Benjamin Ighodalo Ehikioya
This study examined the nexus between fintech innovations, regulations, and Nigeria’s sustainable development. The study used primary data through the usage of questionnaire shared to FinTech operators in Nigeria who are registered members of the FinTech Association of Nigeria (Fintech NGR). The sourced data was estimated using the structural equation model. Findings showed that first fintech has no significant influence on the variable no poverty. Also, Fintech is believed to have a potential contribution to the SDG4 goal by providing financial services that support education and training. Finally, this study finds out that regulations help to enhance fintech products. The study recommended that the government together with fintech firms should focus on low-income earners and underserved populations to provide them with micro-loans, insurance products, and saving tools. The government can also empower these citizens through various entrepreneurial programs.
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