Statistical Analysis to Study the Effectiveness of Treatment Methods for Kidney Stones
Anshika1 , Gunjan Singh2
Background– In therapeutic areas – the treatment methods for kidney stones have been developed over the years, providing with more than one option to treat the kidney stones. The success rates of the same have been compared and statistically tested to understand the effectiveness of each method and draw conclusions about choosing the best. Objective –This study aims at comparing different methods of treating Kidney Stones and establishing which is the most successful. Methodology and Data – In this study, data published in 1986 in “The British Medical Journal” has been worked upon. Of the 1052 renal calculi patients, 350 received open surgery, 350 underwent percutaneous, nephrolithotomy, 328 underwent extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), and 24 underwent both ESWL and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. It was considered a success by a treatment if it could either remove the stones or reduce them to less than 2mm after three months. The same data has been analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test of independence using MS Excel. Results and Discussion – Analysis shows that there exists a significant association between success in treatment and type of treatment, and also it has been observed between success and size of kidney stone. The modes of total cases and success cases have been compared to see that they vary for different kidney stone size groups, and for the overall case.
The Nigerian Puzzle: Decoding Population Dynamics for Sustainable Economic Growth
Friday Barnabas Balogun1, Ali Abbas Dhakir2, Rosli Rozaini3
Nigeria, Africa’s most populous nation, faces significant challenges due to its rapid population growth, characterised by a fertility rate of 5.1 and population doubling every 29 years. These demographic trends have contributed to high poverty (over 40%), youth unemployment (33%), maternal mortality (1,047 per 100, 000), low literacy (62%), and unequal resource distribution. These challenges may likely put significant pressure on Nigeria’s resources and infrastructure.Without early policy interventions, these pressures could impede sustainable economic development. This study explores Nigeria’s population dynamics, focusing on historical trends, current patterns, and future impacts on economic development. The research employs autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models, error correction estimation (ECM), and statistical forecasting to analyse the short- and long-term impacts of demographic factors on Nigeria’s GDP growth. the findings reveal that population factors significantly influence economic performance, with inflation playing a variable role depending on management strategies. Notably, labour force participation and foreign direct investment (FDI) are essential drivers of growth, while past economic trends also shape future performance. The ARDL/ECM models explain 95.13% of GDP growth variation, confirming the importance of addressing long-term demographic and economic factors. The study concludes that proactive policy interventions are necessary to leverage demographic trends for sustainable economic benefits. Recommendations include controlling inflation, investing in human capital, developing infrastructure, and promoting stable domestic and foreign direct investment. Policymakers must incorporate past economic dynamics into their strategies to ensure sustainable growth and effectively manage Nigeria’s demographic transitions.
Nuclear Energy Development Research in Nigeria: A review
1,2 Festus O. Abayomi; 3Charles C. Ajaero & 4Kenneth C. Onyeaka
Nigeria, a developing country with huge population increase is facing energy crisis. Thus, to meet energy demand, the country has committed to building a nuclear power plant (NPP). This review aims to systematically evaluate research evolution and issues with NPP in Nigeria. Peer reviewed journal publications were accessed from Google Scholar and SCOPUS databases. They were identified, screened and evaluated using set inclusion- exclusion criteria. Among the included studies, 23.5% are ‘Review’ articles, while 76.5% are ‘Research articles’. Different aspects of issues related to deployment of NPP were identified. Majority (47%) dealt with potential of NPP electricity generation and its emission mitigation. 35.3% dealt with environment and safety issues of NPP, including atmospheric dispersion (normal operation and accidental release) and seismicity; while 17.7% focuses on resources including human resources development, technical, political, financial and others. 92.3% of the corresponding or lead authors are affiliated or have other affiliations with foreign universities, almost all of which have operational NPP. South Africa accounts for 38.5% and India, 15.4% of the authors’ foreign affiliations. This indicates the need for Nigerian researchers to collaborate with those in nuclear advanced countries.
Quality Improvement and Product Development as a Competitive Strategy for Food SMEs
Dyah Arum Eka Nur Arifah1, Mohamad Harisudin2*, Fanny Widadie3, Kohar Sulistyadi4
This study aims to determine the external and internal factors that influence the success of fruit rojak food SMEs (fruit rojak SMEs), formulate alternative strategies, and determine the priorities of fruit rojak SME business development strategies. The basic analytical descriptive method is used. Determining the location of the research is done deliberately. Determination of key informants using convenience sampling techniques. Data collection techniques are carried out using observation, interview, recording, and triangulation of sources. The data analysis methods used include EFE and IFE Matrix, Grand Strategy Matrix, SWOT Matrix, and QSPM. The competitive position of fruit rojak SMEs is in the position of Strength-Opportunity (S-O). The priority strategy recommended to be applied to fruit rojak SMEs is a strategy to improve quality and product development to increase consumer loyalty. The synergy of the Grand Strategy matrix, SWOT matrix, and QSPM has a narrowed/focused strategy work structure. The results of this study can be used as input for other food SMEs in developing strategies to gain competitive advantage in the market
Enhancing Customer Perceived Value in an Augmented Reality Environment: A Comprehensive Analysis
Dr. Abhijit Chandratreya
This research paper investigates the role of customer-perceived value (CPV) in augmented reality (AR) environments. Augmented reality, characterized by integrating digital information into the real-world environment, has gained significant attention across various industries. As businesses increasingly leverage AR to enhance customer experiences, understanding the factors contributing to customer perceived value becomes crucial for sustained success. This paper explores the dimensions of CPV within AR environments and identifies strategies to optimize these perceptions for improved customer satisfaction and loyalty.
The Decision-making Processes in Multilevel Governance: The Voice of the Local Community on the Reorganization of Guji Zone, South Oromia Ethiopia
Haile Chuluke Digile, Kham Khan Suan Hausing
This study investigated decision-making processes in multilevel governance and the local community's voice on the reorganization of the Guji Zone in South Ethiopia. The study employed qualitative approaches to collect and interpretive methods to analyze the data. The research sample was selected from government officials, community leaders, representatives, local residents, and Non-governmental organizations to get an insight into the decision. Convenience sampling was utilized for representatives of the Guji people in the council of the Caffee Oromia region based on their roles, influences, and involvement in decision-making processes. The participants were identified purposively to triangulate their views on the decision-making processes to reorganize East Borana Zone by reshuffling districts from Guji and Bale zones and removing Guji Zone from the previous capital, Nagele town. Moreover, interpretive and participant observation was employed to describe their feelings and involvement in the decisions. The researcher evaluated the utilized processes of decision-making in multilevel governance, the voices of local communities under participatory governance, and the institutional framework to reorganize the East Borana Zone in south Oromia.
Appraising Ethiopian Urban Leadership Effectiveness in Multilevel Urban Governance: Evidence from Addis Ababa City Administration
Gebre Miruts Beyene
The multilevel urban governance depends on urban leadership effectiveness. It is a multi-dimensional in approach that in campus shared vision and mission, leadership communication skill, team development, collective decision making, quartile-model of urban change leadership, urban leadership intelligence among other things. The state of multilevel urban leadership will also be incomplete without measuring the role of leadership. Hence, the study examined urban leadership effectiveness in multilevel urban governance using the components of multifaceted urban leadership effectiveness. Descriptive and explanatory research types were employed. The sample was 828 determined using proportionate formulas from multilevel public sectors of Addis Ababa. Descriptive statistics, correlationand regression were used to analyze data. The study discussed and come-up with the conclusions that, multilevel urban leaders are modestly effective. Knowledge and understanding about designed city vision and mission, functional team development, leadership stability, collective decision making and communication skill are found moderately effective. However, urban leadership intelligence and the 4I leadership dimensions are poorly practiced. Therefore, the city administration should have to take a remedial action on urban leadership development initiatives, urban leadership competency framework (fundamental, core and functional competencies) should urgently be in-placed, the city government must launch leadership accreditation and certification work unit, and the city administration should work onleadership stabile placement, and Addis Ababa leadership academy must also design modular training to capacitate multilevel leaders of the city.
Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Image of Selected Manufacturing Firms in North - West, Nigeria
1Musa, Bulus Kwablang; 2Uduji, Joseph Ikechukwu; 3Nweke, Maduabuchi Charles; 4Okezie, Kristopher Onyekachi; 5Oladipo, Taiwo Kolawole; 6Achi, David Achi
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of corporate social responsibility on corporate image of selected manufacturing firms in North-West, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: (i) determine the extent to which philanthropic responsibility of the selected manufacturing firms affect their corporate image, (ii) determine the extent to which ethical responsibility of the firms affect their corporate image, and (iii) determine the extent to which economic responsibility of the firms affect their corporate image. Research hypotheses were formulated and they aligned with the objectives. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population comprised 7,321,737 adults dwelling in the seven state capitals of the North-West geopolitical zone of Nigeria.The sample size of 384 was determined using Yamane’s formula.The instrument was validated by research experts and experienced academics in the area of study to ensure content validity. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to test the reliability of the research instrument which resulted in a reliability threshold of 0.7. Multiple regressions were used to test the hypotheses at 5% level of significance. The result of the analysis showed that philanthropic responsibility, ethical responsibility and economic responsibility of the selected manufacturing firms have significant and positive effect on their corporate image. The study, therefore, recommend that: Firms in Nigeria through philanthropic responsibility should assist, donate and help stakeholders. Also, firms should again be ethically responsible to their stakeholders in good morals and principles. Finally, firms should design and develop economic sustainability, local content development and value addition to stakeholders.
Transgender Quest for Identity and their Representation in Indian Literature
Neha Toppo1 & Md. Mojibur Rahman2
The word ‘transgender’ used to refer to people whose socially defined gender behaviour and expression are different from typical expectations based on the sex assigned at birth. They are pushed to the edges of different human realms because of their gender related queer identity. In India, transgender have a long-standing history dating back to the ancient times. From classical to contemporary Indian literature, there is a great shift in the delineation of their life, identity and roles in the society. The article delves into the multifaceted portrayal of transgender in Indian literature from the trajectory of ancient scriptures to modern day works while also analyzing how the concept of sexual orientation, gender, and identity shape and influence one another. Indian ancient texts including Vedas, Puranas and mythologies granted them a respectful position close to the divine. But colonization in India brought them into subordinate position. However, today they are expressing their agonies and struggles through their own writings. The representation of their voices through self writing in Indian literature is limited but evolving significantly. They do not only portray the true picture of their lives but strive to find a rightful and respectful place by demanding reformation of conventional gender norms. This article seeks to highlight their literary relevance and recent advancement in Indian literary work.
A Biannual Apprasial of Airline Safety Challenges in Nigeria Aviation Industry (2023-2024)
Babalolab Obasanjo James (Ph.D)1,Afolayan Isaac Olayinka (Ph.D)2 & Abdul-Rahaman Olalekan Badmus3
Aircraft safety is an important part of the global aviation industry. It sometimes entails complicated tasks to be carried out by Aircraft Safety Agencies (ASA) often with considerable time constraints. The direct consequences or effects on Nigerians and other nationals are emotional trauma faced by victims, their families and sympathizers, loss of confidence in an airline or in flying generally and the cost of rescue operations .The study investigated the safety issues of aviation industry in Nigeria. The study was carried out at the MMIA which is Nigeria’s premier international air gateway. A total of 126 airlines were sampled. Descriptive and inferential statistics techniques were used to describe safety events in the study area. The study therefore looked into four aviation safety approaches, technical, human factors, organizational and total system. The study identified both domestic and international flight safety issues among certain airlines that landed in MMIA, Lagos, and the data collected was subjected to a multiple regression analysis model to ascertain the facts. The findings revealed that technical issue, radio frequency, aborted takeoff, bird strike, fire accident, unruly passenger behavior and air pressure problem are all significant at both +ve or –ve level. It was revealed that aviation safety is paramount to the sustainability of the industry. The study therefore, recommends that, the industry be given further attention in safety regards.
Transitional Management and Sustainability of the Power Sector in Emerging Economies
1Uzoaku Nwora-Okafor & 1Dr. Fr. Anthony Aniagbaoso Igwe
The power sector, both globally and in emerging economies, has seen an increasing focus on transitional management and sustainability. While some advancements have been made in understanding the connection between these two aspects, there remains a gap in the existing indigenous literature when it comes to exploring the interconnections, psychological and behavioural factors, indigenous and local knowledge systems, as well as the long term impacts and unintended consequences specific to Nigeria. The broad aim of the study is to ascertain the role of transitional management in enhancing sustainability of the power sector in emerging economies like Nigeria. The study employed descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was 8,105. Sample size of 357 was determined using Cochran William’s formula, at 5% level of significance. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested using ordinal logistic regression. The findings indicated that Risk management had a significant positive relationship with sustainable energy security in the Nigerian Power Sector. Project management had a significant positive effect on sustainable supply chain in the Nigerian power sector. Leadership transition significantly affected regulatory compliance in the Nigerian power sector.The study concluded that implementing transitional management strategies, encompassing risk management, project management, and leadership transition, significantly contribute to achieving sustainability in the sector. This is reflected in improved aspects of sustainability like sustainable energy security, a sustainable supply chain and regulatory compliance. The study recommended that the Nigerian power sector should create risk management strategy like diversification of energy portfolio, advanced data analytics and monitoring systems, integrated environmental and social impact assessments (ESIAs) and so on to address environmental, social, and economic risks, with a focus on renewable energy. Power sector companies should use effective project management for renewable project by iterative planning and frequent reassessments, stakeholders’ engagement through transparent communication and collaboration and foster leadership that champions renewable energy and environmental responsibility.
Efficacy of Kinesio Taping with Physiotherapy Interventional Protocol in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Mayank Kumar; Danishta; Abhishek Bharti; Anchit Gugnani; Nandini Kushwaha; Jyoti Yadav
Objective: This study evaluated the effects of exercise plus Kinesio taping on knee osteoarthritis patients' pain, stiffness, and physical function. Design: 30 patients were selected to chitchat to a home-based exercise followed by Kinesio taping and home-based exercise alone. The assessment was performed at baseline, after 10 days of starting the treatment, and the third after 21 days. The physical function status of the Patient was evaluated using the WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Scale) and the pain was measured using the visual Analog scale, respectively. Result: The patient receiving the home-based exercise followed by Kinesio taping a large decrease in VAS and Physical function scores compared with exercise alone from the initial to after the 21-day assessment. The data indicate that group A treated home based exercise with Kinesio taping showed better pain relief and physical function. Conclusion: This study shows that home-based exercise with Kinesio taping has a better effect on pain and Physical function, than home-based exercise alone with knee osteoarthritis.
The Nexus between Food Insecurity and Conflict in Nigeria: An SDG 16 and 17 Perspective
Ileola Elizabeth.Oladipo O.B.A Oyinloye Adenike Olabisi Femi-Onibonoje
The study examined the relationship between food insecurity and conflict in Nigeria. An explanatory sequential mixed method design was employed to collect primary data. The population of interest for the study is composed of a varied group of people who were chosen at random in Southwestern Nigeria.Secondary data was sourced from articles, books and monographs. These were used to corroborate the primary data.Findings show that disruption of agricultural activities, displacement of communities, and destruction of infrastructure can trigger and perpetuate food insecurity. Findings also show that scarcity of essential resources like food can exacerbate social tensions, trigger competition among groups, and lead to social unrest. Hence, the State of food insecurity and nutrition reveals significant challenges to human security.This study recommends investment in interdisciplinary strategies involving economics, agriculture and nutrition which emphasizes peace justice and strong institutions as well as global partnership for the benefit of Nigeria, Africa, and the entire world.
Optimizing Liquidity Management Strategies to Enhance Financial Performance in Nigerian Manufacturing Firms
Alalade,Yimka S. A.; Ademola,Olufemi C.; Ajayi-Owoeye, Ayooluwa O.; Ogunwale, Olurotimi & Ali, Adekunle L.
Effective liquidity management is pivotal in determining the financial performance of manufacturing firms. The task of financial managers is to design strategies that optimize liquidity to enhance profitability. However, the extent to which these strategies have positively impacted the performance of Nigerian manufacturing firms remains ambiguous. This study investigates the relationship between liquidity management and financial performance using panel data regression analysis. Data were collected from the financial statements of 10 Nigerian manufacturing firms over the period from 2017 to 2023. Key liquidity and profitability indicators were extracted, focusing on the current ratio (CR), quick ratio (QR), cash ratio (CAR), and cash conversion cycle (CCC) in relation to return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The analysis revealed a negative and significant correlation between the current ratio and return on assets (β = -0.2027; t = -2.3786), indicating that higher liquidity levels might not always translate into better asset efficiency. Conversely, the quick ratio was found to have a positive and significant impact on ROA (β=0.1821; t=2.8374), suggesting that more liquid assets, relative to liabilities, enhance profitability. Additionally, the cash ratio demonstrated a positive and significant relationship with ROE (β=0.0391; t=3.1272), underscoring the importance of cash management in generating equity returns. The cash conversion cycle was negatively correlated with ROA (β=-0.1336; t=-2.5303), indicating that a longer cycle may detract from profitability. These findings underscore the need for financial managers to strike a balance in liquidity management—ensuring that liquid assets are effectively utilized while maintaining the ability to meet short-term obligations and optimize profitability.
Survey of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Jerash Province of Jordan
Nofal Suleiman Mohammad Al-Ameiri
Nematodes are devastating to crop plants in agricultural production and certainly contribute significantly to net reductions in crop yield. A general survey to the whole country of Jordan was done, and only one comprehensive survey in one province (Karak Province) was previously done. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a comprehensive survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in Jerash Province in the northern part of Jordan. The results revealed a widespread distribution of different nematode species throughout the Jerash province, and only 5.4% of the soil samples were not infested with the plant-parasitic nematodes. All percentages of symptoms of cereal hosts were lower than those of the other hosts. Root galling in vegetables was 68% compared to cereals with only 9%. Several genera of nematodes were identified in this study, in which Meloidogyne and Pratylechus were detected in almost all samples collected, with 92% for Meloidogyne spp. and 81% for Pratylenchus followed by Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, and Longidorus. The outcomes of this investigation are relevant by enhancing the basic knowledge of plant parasitic nematodes in Jerash.
Senna Occidental is: A Comprehensive Exploration of its Conventional Medicinal Uses, Toxicological Risks and Allelopathic Interactions
1Anshika Sharma, 2*Nishtha Paul, 3Narayan Singh and 4Jagdeep Kumar
Senna occidentalis, commonly called "coffee weed" or "coffee Senna," is a perennial shrub belonging to the Fabaceae family. Native to tropical and subtropical regions, it thrives in a variety of ecological conditions. This plant has been extensively utilized in conventional medicine across various cultures due to its wide range of pharmacological properties. Recent scientific investigations have corroborated many of these conventional uses, offering a more profound understanding of its medicinal potential. Phytochemical analyses of S. occidentalis have identified a diverse array of bioactive compounds contributing to its therapeutic effects. These compounds include phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, each of which plays a critical role in the plant’s pharmacological profile. Notably, S. occidentalis contains several flavonoids, such as quercetin and apigenin, which are well-documented for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. The presence of anthraquinones, including emodin and chrysophanol, and xanthones, such as pinselin and cassiollin, further augments the plant's therapeutic potential. However, S. occidentalis poses significant risks due to the presence of toxic components, particularly in its raw seeds. These toxins can be mitigated through appropriate processing techniques, which are essential to ensure the plant's safety and efficacy. When processed correctly, the seeds of S. occidentalis can be utilized in the preparation of Ayurvedic coffee, providing a nutritious and beneficial alternative to conventional coffee. The plant exhibits a complex profile of both cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity. While S. occidentalis shows promise for potential therapeutic applications, especially in cancer treatment, its toxicity to livestock and its considerable allelopathic effects on other plants necessitates careful consideration. The diversity of bioactive compounds present in S. occidentalis underscores the need for further research to isolate and identify the specific substances responsible for these effects. A comprehensive understanding of the dual nature of S. occidentalis will be crucial for developing safe and effective applications in both the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors, thereby ensuring that its benefits are harnessed while minimizing risks to human health and the environment. The plant's diverse phytochemical profile indicates substantial potential for future research and applications in the agriculture, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Continued studies are essential for optimizing processing methods, fully elucidating the plant's bioactive components, and ensuring safe utilization.
Educational Robotics and the Learning Process: In Search of Key Effects
D. K. Malekova1, A. Y. Shashkov1, N. N. Veselitskaya1
Introduction. Educational robotics is becoming an important part of the education system in a number of countries around the world. Educational robotics is being gradually integrated into various stages of education such as preschool, secondary, vocational and additional education. There is a growing number of studies in the field of studying robotics in the educational process. This topic is relevant due to the development of artificial intelligence and robotics, and the introduction of these products into the education system. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of educational robots on the learning process in general and to determine the effects that robots have on the educational environment, students themselves and their learning outcomes. Methodology and research methods. Through a bibliographic analysis, we have identified several positive effects of using educational robots, including increased student motivation and learning efficiency, advancement of lateral thinking and worldview, development of a comfortable educational environment, shaping an improved education strategy, gamification of educational process, and improvement of social skills. Results: The results indicate that the use of educational robotics has significant potential for improving the quality of education in various fields and promoting more flexible and innovative learning models. Scientific novelty. Each of positive effects of using educational robots, the features of their formation, as well as the characteristics of educational robots that allow effects to be achieved are discussed in detail.Practical significance.The article describes the effects of introducing robots into education, which is possible to improve its quality at various stages and areas.
Event Marketing and Management of Calabar Carnival: Anatomy of Social Media and Media Richness Theory Symmetry
Victor Onyebuchi Okolo; Gbemisola Ogbolu; Millicent Ifeyinwa Ohanagorom; Kobi Pamela Ikpo; John Chidubem Nwaogaidu; Ifekanandu Chukwudi Christian; Joseph Ikechukwu Attamah; Nwatu Chibuike Basil; Asagba Samuel
Social media is a paradigm shift from the orthodox media and has proven to be the second richest media besides face-to-face communication. However, events like carnivals have been pulling tourists to different global destinations via media messages. This study investigated the influence of social media on event marketing and management of Calabar Carnival. Specifically, the study determined the influence of Facebook on event marketing and management of Calabar Carnival. Similarly, it ascertained the influence of WhatsApp on event marketing and management of Calabar Carnival. Moreover, it assessed the influence of Instagram on event marketing and management of Calabar Carnival.The population of the study includes young adult attendees of the 2023 carnival who were intercepted through convenience sampling technique. The survey method was adopted for the study and the sample size of 384 was determined using Cochran’s method for determining a non-finite population. However, Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine the reliability of the research instrument with a 0.796 value. Copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the 384 carnival attendees and 305 were validated. The findings revealed that Facebook has a significant and positive influence on event marketing and management of Calabar Carnival (r = 0.933; t = 76.736; F = 5888.365; p < 0.05). Also, it was revealed that WhatsApp has a significant and positive influence on event marketing and management of Calabar Carnival(r = 0.930; t = 76.280; F = 5667.029; p < 0.05). Moreover, it was revealed that Instagram has a significant and positive influence on event marketing and management of Calabar Carnival (r = 0.994; t = 228.541; F = 758.930; p < 0.05). Thus, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram platforms are influential event marketing and management strategies for packaging Calabar Carnival to tourists across the world. Thus, there is a need for the government of Cross River State to adopt and improve on their usageforfuture tourist attraction and revenue generation.
A Historical Examination of the Evolution of Kwara State School Forspecial Needs, Ilorin, Nigeria (1999-2020)
1Saidu Abubakar; 2Ajiboye, Samuel Kolawole; 3Oyeniran, Kayode Atoyebi; 4Olaniyi, Abiodun Jibril; 5Oniye, Masud Ibrahim; 6Adeola, Khafilat Adebola
Education of people with special needs was not initially recognised in Nigeria because the people with special needs were grossly discriminated against. However, the need to give them education that is suitable to their needs was necessary. Hence, the establishment of special education schools in Nigeria. Therefore, this study examined the historical evolution of Kwara State School of Special Needs Nigeria from 1999 to 2020.In this study, trends in the enrolment of students, graduation rate, staff employment rate, methods of educating students with special needs, roles of the government, non-governmental organizations and philanthropists in the education of students with special needs, and challenges faced by Kwara State School of Special Needs were all examined. The study adopted a historical research design of survey type. The total population of this study comprises the Principal,Vice-principals, Head Teacher and teachers in the Kwara State School for Special Needs, Ilorin, Kwara State. The instruments that were used for this research were researcher-designed questionnaire and official documents. The descriptive percentage, mean and rank order were used to answer the research questions raised. Findings of this study revealed that studentsenrolment rate inKwara State School of Special Needs from 1999 to 2020 increased steadily.
Analyzing the Detrminants of Tax Compliance: Evidence from Ethiopia
Aynalem Nigusie Ali
The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the critical determinants of tax compliance based on the evidence collected from tax payers in 2024. Empirical data was collected from 255 tax payers from six federal tax office branches in Addis Ababa using structured questioner. Descriptive and explanatory research design was employed for this particular research. The data collected was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression methods. The finding of the study revealed that personal tax knowledge and social factor are positive significantly influencing taxpayers’ tax compliance in Ethiopia, economic factor influence tax compliance negative significantly. Personal tax knowledge was found to be the most critical factor in affecting tax compliance behavior as supported by (B=0.846, p-value=0.000). Thus, from the regression analysis, it can be implied that equipping tax payers with necessary knowledge of Ethiopian tax system, types of core taxes of Ethiopian tax system, tax laws and procedures in the country and civic responsibility in paying tax were critically important to enhance tax compliance among tax payers and consequently minimize tax avoidance and evasion. The second key determining factor in tax compliance is social factor with a moderate and significant effect on tax payers’ compliance behavior ( B= 0.5660, P-value= 0.030).This implied that positive social attitude and social norm towards taxation plays significant role to enhance compliance among tax payers and general public at large. Contrary to the personal tax knowledge and social factor, the economic factor had negative but significant effect on tax compliance .This is because of the fact that marginal tax rate as one of economic factor is a cause for under-reporting and leading to significant tax evasion . Such higher tax rates are very likely to erode tax bases contributing to higher revenue leakage.
Effective Application of Corporate Social Responsibility in a Housing Project Life Cycle: Framework Development
Afam Mike Achoru
Challenges exist in every aspect of service delivery; and the management of housing projects is not an exception. Challenges have always undermined housing production along the life cycle phases of projects and a resultant effect is housing insufficiency. These project challenges remain a major source of setback to housing projects across various climes, hence the need to address them. A strategy that has shown great potentials in either preventing or mitigating housing project challenges is the application of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Difficulties have arisen as to the best ways to apply CSR in housing projects especially as there is no existent CSR framework to address challenges. However, this strategy targets a more purposeful approach, hence the need for a framework development and validation for the effective application of CSR along the housing project life cycle phases, to address housing project challenges. Opinion was sort from various project stakeholders that are actively engaged in housing projects so as to investigate and determine the most effective and efficient ways to advance projects through CSR. Methods of data analysis adopted for validation includes mean score, standard deviation and content analysis. Obtained ideas were culminated and then transformed into strategies and thereafter harmonized into a flowchart-styled framework for the purpose of effectively applying CSR in the housing project life cycle phases to address project challenges. The framework design and mode of application was validated with high applicability scores.
Project Planning: An Imperative for Performance of Housing Estate Construction Firms in North Central Nigeria
Nasiru Wada Khalil & Frank Alaba Ogedengbe
Real Estate construction projects often fail due to several reasons related to management such as poor planning, lack of leadership, inadequate knowledge, people problems, and lifecycle problems. This study investigates the pivotal role of project planning in influencing the performance of housing estate construction firms within the North Central region of Nigeria. Employing the cross-sectional survey research design approach, data was collected from a comprehensive sample of construction firms, incorporating quantitative measures to provide a holistic understanding of the dynamics at play. Quantitative analysis involved statistical techniques such as regression analysis to ascertain the correlation between project planning proxies and performance metrics. A notable finding of this study was the strong positive correlation between project completion time and project efficiency. Projects with longer completion times were found to exhibit higher levels of efficiency, indicating that timely project delivery is a critical factor for enhancing overall project performance within housing estate construction firms in North Central Nigeria.These insights contribute to the body of knowledge surrounding construction management practices in Nigeria and offer practical implications for policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers alike, aimed at fostering sustainable growth and development within the housing construction sector in North Central Nigeria and beyond.It was concluded that project completion time and stakeholder satisfaction emerged as significant determinants of project performance. Recommendations regarding the impact of project planning on project performance efficiency within housing estate construction firms in North Central Nigeria. Concerning project scope meticulous feasibility studies and needs assessments to accurately delineate project scope parameters, regular reviews and updates of project scope documents should be conducted to mitigate scope creep and ensure alignment with client expectations and market dynamics were recommended.
Determinants of Private Company Tender Win Rates in Public
Mr. Georgs Vardanjans, Mr. Rudolfs Kreicbergs
Background: Public procurement in Latvia is a crucial component of the national economy, with the private sector actively participating in tenders to secure government contracts. Understanding the factors that determine the success of companies in winning public sector tenders is essential for improving competition, fairness, and transparency. Objective: This study aims to identify the determinants that influence private companies' win rates in public sector tenders in Latvia, focusing on company size, tender value, industry group, and tender characteristics. Methods: Using a dataset of private companies' participation in public sector tenders from 2020 to 2023, we conducted statistical analysis, incl. multiple regression, to explore how these factors impact win rates. Results: Findings suggest that company size and industry group significantly influence tender success rates: larger companies are expected to win more often, especially construction and technology industries. Conclusions: Access to resources is key to enable companies to win more tenders, which could guide policy makers towards supporting resource-lacking companies, such as SMEs.
An Analysis of Factors Affecting Public Tender Competition in Latvia from 2020 to 2023
Mr. Georgs Vardanjans, Mr. Rudolfs Kreicbergs
Background: Public procurement in Latvia plays a significant role in the economy, with competition in public tenders being essential for ensuring transparency and efficiency. Recent data suggests challenges in attracting sufficient bidders, particularly in relation to tender value, buyer size, industry characteristics, and regulatory frameworks. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the key factors influencing public tender competition in Latvia between 2020 and 2023, measured by the number of bids received per tender. Methods: A dataset of 137,000 public tenders was analyzed using multiple linear regression to explore how tender, industry and buyer factors influence competition. Results: The analysis shows that higher tender values lead to fewer bids due to increased complexity and stringent requirements, while larger buyers and industries attract more bidders. Legal frameworks with stricter regulations and less transparent procurement procedures are associated with reduced competition. Conclusions: The findings suggest that simplifying tender requirements and improving transparency could increase competition. Policymakers should consider reforms that make public procurement more accessible, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), to promote a more competitive bidding environment.
Bank Performance: A Measure of the Relationship of ERM Indicators with Net Financing Per Share of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Olayinka Odutola, *Ikpefan Ailemen, *Omankhanlen Alex
This research aims to quantify the correlation between ERM indicators and net financing per share of Deposit Money Banks for a group of Nigerian banks through the use of pooled OLS, WG-VC, and flexible GLS techniques. Banks must manage a number of risks, including market, operational, interest rate, liquidity, and solvency (or capital) risks. These risks have reduced the benefits of managing the banking sector. One of the most noteworthy features of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) was the unique nature of the liquidity crisis it precipitated, which eventually materialised as a variety of crises prior to reaching a catastrophic threshold. The outcomes demonstrated a favourable and statistically significant relationship between the chief risk officer and risk committee member parameters. Expanding these variables will result in an increase in net financing per share because the two factors have a favourable impact on net financing. However, there is no statistically significant difference between the exchange rate, price, and credit risk hedging derivative instrument and the risk mapping parameter. It demonstrates that these factors and net financing per share do not positively correlate. Derivative tools for hedging foreign exchange rate risk, the chief risk officer, and risk committee members all have positive coefficient values. This evidence shows that these factors and net financing per share are positively correlated. There is typically no positive correlation seen between risk mapping and derivative instruments used to hedge credit risk and net financing per share. Our research leads us to the conclusion that, since more than two ERM indicators have a positive impact on net financing per share, the expected or theoretical sign of the relationship between enterprise risk management and net financing per share is maintained.
Bank Performance Based on Return on Equity: The Relationship with Enterprise Risk Management Indicators
Olayinka Odutola, *Ikpefan Ailemen, Omankhanlen Alex
In this study, the researchers provide a fresh examination on the nexus between return on equity and enterprise risk management indicators for a panel of Nigerian banks using pooled OLS, WG-VC and flexible GLS methods. The study aims to determine whether the relationship with ERM will improve the performance (return on equity) of the Deposit Money Banks. The findings show that the chief risk officer, members of the risk committee, and derivative instruments for hedging foreign exchange rate risk have a positive impact on return, while risk mapping and derivative instruments for hedging credit risk maintain a positive relationship with return on equity. Banks have continued to fail due to high levels of non-performing loans, poor corporate governance, negligent credit administration, and failure to meet liquidity and capital ratio prudential ratios. The result clearly showed that enterprise risk management is a positive driver of return on equity. The study concludes that return on equity increase with an increase in risk committee member and derivative instrument for hedging foreign exchange risk, while the other three ERM indicators and return on equity move in a different direction, that is a negative relationship is evident. Financial institutions should weigh the risk vs the potential rewards to decide whether the risk is worthwhile. They can benefit from risks that are worthwhile taking as a result both in the short and long term.
Novel Approach for Nonlinear Time-Fractional Sharma-Tasso-Olever Equation Using Imantransform
Nagat A.A.Siddig1, Samah A.H.Fodol2, E.O.ALrashidi3, G.O.ALrashidi3, M.A.Reshedi3, T.O.ALrashidi3 & Hessah O.ALrashidi3
In this article, we demonstrated the study of the time-fractional nonlinear SharmaTasso-Olever (STO) equation with different initial conditions. The novel technique, which is the mixture of the q-homotopy analysis method and the new integral transform known as I man transform called, q-homotopy analysis Iman transform method (q-HAATM) implemented to find the adequate approximated solution of the considered problems. The wave solutions of the STO equation play a vital role in the nonlinear wave model for coastal and harbor designs. The demonstration of the considered scheme is done by carrying out some examples of time-fractional STO equations with different initial approximations. q-HAETM offers us to modulate the range of convergence of the series solution using ?, called the auxiliary parameter or convergence control parameter. By performing appropriate numerical simulations, the effectiveness and reliability of the considered technique are validated. The implementation of the new integral transform called the Iman transform along with the reliable analytical technique called the q-homotopy analysis method to examine the time-fractional nonlinear STO equation displays the novelty of the presented work. The obtained findings show that the proposed method is very gratifying and examines the complex nonlinear challenges that arise in science and innovation.
Social Capital and Sustainability of Family Business in South-East Nigeria
Ejoha, Richard Sunday1, Agbaeze, Emmanuel Kalu1, Ajoh, Theresa Nguvan2
This study investigated the impact of social capital on the sustainability of family enterprises in South-East Nigeria, using a survey strategy and data from 9,731 small and medium enterprises (SMEs). A sample amount of 518 was finalised using Cochran's formula, and Bowley's proportional allocation technique was used to distribute the questionnaires. Reliability was tested using the test-retest method and Spearman's Rank Order Correlation Coefficient, yielding a reliability coefficient of 0.93. Two hypotheses were tested using Ordinary Least Square Regression at a 0.05 significance level. The findings showed that Interpersonal relationships positively affected innovation (R = .764; p < 0.05); Internal social networks positively impacted financial performance (R = .932; p < 0.05). The investigation established that critical factors of social capital, such as interpersonal relationships and internal social networks, are crucial for the sustainability and longevity of family businesses in South-East Nigeria. It recommended that these factors be identified and effectively implemented to ensure a successful trans-generational transition.
Consumer Motivation in Response to Dynamic Pricing and Regulatory Environments
1Umeh Chisom; 2Rowland Worlu; 3Chinonye Love Moses
Consumer behaviour study is crucial to organisational marketing responses, with pricing, brand, promotional programs, and distribution systems forming central points of this study. Qualitative and quantitative research paradigms were incorporated to explore the relationship between consumer behaviour and organisational marketing responses to gather data and information. The study widened its population to include 368 respondents from eight fast-moving consumer goods firms. It is revealed from the investigation that consumer motivation is crucial in organisational marketing response as analysed through the relations between consumer motivation and pricing strategy, brand attributes, and promotional programs as well as brand distribution systems. Thus, the research findings underlined the importance of understanding the consumers' needs and preferences to provide successful marketing responses. The study results are relevant to marketing strategies and consumer behaviour.
Evaluating the Convergence between Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Processes: A Review
1Umeh Chisom; 2Rowland Worlu; 3Chinonye Love Moses
This review paper's methodology attempts to critically examine how organisational marketing effectiveness and consumer behaviour analysis relate to one another. The central thesis posits that marketing strategies are inherently ineffective without a thorough understanding of consumer behaviour. In order to investigate this, a thorough analysis of pertinent literature from scholarly journals and secondary data sources is carried out in order to examine the relationship between organisational marketing response and consumer behaviour. A systematic search strategy is employed to identify relevant literature on consumer behaviour and organisational marketing response. Academic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, JSTOR, and EBSCOhost are utilized to access peer-reviewed journals in the fields of marketing, consumer psychology, and organisational behaviour.Data collection involves extracting relevant information from the selected literature, including study findings, methodologies employed, key concepts, theoretical frameworks, and empirical evidence supporting the relationship between consumer behaviour and organisational marketing effectiveness.A thematic analysis approach is employed to synthesize the data collected from the selected literature. Relationships between consumer behaviour analysis and organisational marketing response are investigated, and common themes and patterns are found.Limitations of the methodology include potential bias inherent in the selection of literature and the reliance on existing research paradigms and theoretical frameworks. Additionally, the scope of the review may be constrained by the availability of relevant literature and the limitations of secondary data sources
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Essential Oils against the Growth of Oral Pathogenic Flora in Root Canal using Agar Diffusion Test (ADT): An in- Vitro Study
1Dr Gaurav Choudhary; 2Dr Kavita Dhinsa; 3Dr Sonali Saha; 4Dr Gunjan Yadav; 5Dr Aanchal Tandon; 6Dr Karishma Jaiswal
Background: Plant essential oils are well-known for their antimicrobial properties, effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as pathogenic fungi. Easily absorbed into the bloodstream, these oils work effectively in the body. For example, clove oil is used for dental pain, while neem oil has antibacterial and antifungal properties. Turmeric oil and thymol are used in dental products like mouth rinses and fillings. Rich in bioactive compounds, these oils show promise for developing new antimicrobial drugs targeting root canal bacteria. Methodology: The essential oils in this study were divided into five groups: Group 1 (Eugenol), Group 2 (Thyme Oil), Group 3 (Turmeric Oil), Group 4 (Neem Oil), and Group 5 (Cinnamon Oil), all at 5% concentration. Selected based on traditional medicinal use, their antimicrobial properties were compared to chlorhexidine. The oils were tested against five bacterial strains (S. mutans, Lactobacilli, E. coli, Pseudomonas, E. faecalis) and one fungal strain (C. albicans) by measuring inhibition zones using the agar diffusion test at 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours. Results: S. mutans growth was inhibited at 72 hr by eugenolwhich showed no activity in 24hr, 36hr and 48hr. Cinnamon oilinhibited S. mutans growth at all time intervals. Lactobacilli growth was inhibited at all time intervals by thyme oil and neem oil, with neem oil showing better efficacy than thyme oil. For E. coli, statistically significant inhibition zones were observed at all time intervals for Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, with the effectiveness ranking as Group 4 > Group 2 > Group 1 > Group 3.Pseudomonas growth was inhibited at all time intervals by neem oil only. E. faecalis growth was inhibited at all time intervals by Groups 2, 3, and 4, with Group 2>Group 4>Group 3.C. albicans growth was significantly inhibited at all time intervals by thyme oil only. Conclusion: Traditionally used medicaments have been shown to have efficacy against the oral pathogenic microflora. Neem oil showed anti-microbial effect in the following order against, E. coli> Lactobacilli >E. faecalis>Pseudomonas.Thyme oil showed anti-microbial effect in the following orderE. faecalis> E. coli >Lactobacilli >C. albicans. Cinnamon oil and eugenol showed anti-microbial effect against S. mutans.Eugenol and thymol have been already incorporated into several dental products and they are known to be efficacious in reducing the microbial load. Neem oil can be developed as a paste or an intracanal medicament.
The TPACK Level of College EFL Novice Teachers and Experienced Teachersin China
Yuanyuan Yang1*; Wan Nurul Elia Haslee Sharil2; Kaarthiyainy Supramaniam3 & Muhamad Nur Fariduddin Abdul Aziz4
The TPACK level of college EFL teachers can realize teaching innovation, lay a solid foundation for the all-round development of students, and help the national digital education strategy to further promote.The paper aims at finding what is the TPACK level of college ELF novice and experienced teachers. Firstly, by means of questionnaire survey, this study studied 100college EFL teachers(experienced teachers and novice teachers) in Hebei provincein China. Then, the paper analyzes the differences between novice EFL teachers and experienced EFL teachers in seven dimensions of TPACK and analyzes the reasons for the differences in combination with the interview method. Finally, according to the TPACK development model proposed by predecessors, this paper puts forward an effective way for college EFL novice teachers and experienced teachers to improve their TPACK ability.
Realizing Institutional Effectiveness of Higher Education through Servant Leadership, Good Governance and Institutional Health
Dr.Mateb Tafere Gedifew
Institutional effectiveness of any social organization can be determined by a number of factors. Among diverse factors, the leadership approach and nature of governances exercised by leaders as well as the healthiness of the working environments in higher education institutionshave significant roles. The purpose of this quantitative research approach was therefore to investigate the practices, relationships and the predictive power of servant leadership, good governance and institutional health for institutional effectiveness in public higher education of Ethiopia. It was adescriptive correlational research design of cross-sectional type. A total of 722 participants consisting of academic deans, directors, department heads, lecturers and students were involved in providing data via closed-ended questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, mean, standard deviations, an independent t-test and One-way ANOVA. Besides, multiple correlations and regressions were also employed to investigate the relationship between the variables and the predictive power of those independent variables (servant leadership, good governance and institutional health) on the dependent variable (institutional effectiveness). Consequently, the findings indicated that the practices of the study variables are manifested by leaders from ‘moderate’ to ‘high’ levels. The results of an independent t-test also showed that the mean differences are not significant for all the variables indicating that both lecturers and student respondents have closely related evaluations about the practices of the variables in the study contexts. On top of this, the results of the mean difference among leaders, lecturers and students portrayed that the difference was statistically significant for servant leadership: F (2,554) = 3.407, p=0.034; good governance: F(2,554)= 4.138, p=0.016; and institutional effectiveness: F(2,554)=1.076, p=0.343). But the mean difference was not statistically significant for institutional health: F (2,554) =2.424, p=0.089. Thus, from the F-test values, we may understand that groups have different evaluations about the practices related to servant leadership, good governance and institutional effectiveness; but they have closely related evaluations about the extent to which leaders’ practice to maintain the healthiness of their respective higher education institutions.Moreover, the Pearson correlation coefficient results indicated strong positive relations between the variables (Table4). The result of the regression analysis also showed that 0.731(73.1%) of the variability of institutional effectiveness in higher education was accounted by the combined effects of servant leadership, good governance and institutional health. Therefore, since servant leadership, good governance and institutional health have significant contributions to realize institutional effectiveness, higher education leaders are recommended to vigorously apply and acculturate them in their respective institutions.
Fintech Adoption among Bank Customers in Ethiopia: Evidence from Structural Equation Model (SEM)
Getenet Teshome, Dhiraj Sharma
The rise of fintech represents a significant milestone in the financial sector, gaining widespread interest and popularity in recent years. This research delves into the factors influencing the adoption of fintech in Ethiopia, focusing on attitude and trust as mediating variables. Data was gathered from 430 respondents using a convenient sampling method, and a structured questionnaire was utilized for data collection. The study employed structural equation model analysis through Amos software to investigate the impact of exogenous variables on fintech adoption. The study has used integration of constructs from various theories such UTUAT, TTM and TRA to make the investigation of FinTech adoption more comprehensive. The results indicate that behavioral intention significantly and positively affects the actual usage of fintech services. Also study found that factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, attitude and trust have significant influence on behavioral intention. Additionally, the study reveals that attitude and trust partially mediate the relationship between effort expectancy and behavioral intentions. Consequently, the study suggests that banks should prioritize delivering an intuitive and seamless user experience to cultivate a positive attitude towards electronic banking. Ensuring the reliability of the technology, minimal downtime, and swift resolution of any technical issues can instill confidence in customers to embrace the technology.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Civil Engineering
Devesh Ojha
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing civil engineering by providing innovative solutions to complex problems, enhancing efficiency, and driving sustainability in infrastructure development. AI technologies, including machine learning, deep learning, computer vision, and neural networks, are increasingly applied across various civil engineering sectors, such as structural design, construction management, geotechnical engineering, transportation, and environmental engineering. By leveraging large datasets and advanced algorithms, AI can optimize structural designs, predict material performance, and improve project planning, leading to cost savings and reduced project timelines. AI-based systems also play a crucial role in structural health monitoring by analysing sensor data to detect early signs of damage or wear, allowing for predictive maintenance and extending the lifespan of infrastructure.In construction management, AI enhances resource allocation, risk management, and scheduling through data-driven decision-making, minimizing delays and cost overruns. In transportation, AI models contribute to traffic flow optimization, accident prediction, and efficient public transportation systems. Moreover, AI is instrumental in developing smart cities, optimizing energy use, and enhancing environmental monitoring and disaster management. The integration of AI in civil engineering enables the creation of safer, more resilient, and sustainable infrastructure. As AI continues to advance, its applications in civil engineering are expected to grow, addressing future challenges in urbanization, climate change, and resource management. These abstract highlights the transformative impact of AI on civil engineering, showcasing its potential to innovate and reshape the field, making it more adaptive and responsive to the evolving needs of society.
"Unveiling the Enigmatic : A Case of Follicular Ameloblastoma"
Dr. Elamparithi B (MDS); Dr. Pavithra D (MDS); Dr. Parthiban V (BDS); Dr. Deivanayagi M (MDS)
Background: Ameloblastoma (adamantinoma, adamantoblastoma, multilocular cyst) .It is a true neoplasm of enamel organ type tissue which does not undergo differentiation to the point of enamel formation. Defined as: ‘usually unicentric, nonfuntional, intermittent in growth, anatomically benign and clinically persistent’. By Robinson. Arised from Cell rest of enamel organ, either remnants of dental lamina or Hertwig’s sheath, the epithelial rest of Malassez . Case presentation: A patient of age 34yrs reported with the chief complaint of pain and swelling in the lower left back tooth region for past 3 months. On extra and intra oral examination a solitary swelling was noted. On aspiration brown fluid was obtained. Radiographic examination shows multilocular radiolucency. Hematological examination was done and incisional and excisional biopsy was done. Histopathologically it was diagnosed as follicular Ameloblastoma on the left mandibular posterior region. It was managed by marsupalisation and regular follow up. Conclusion: The treatment varies from conservative to radical based on the lesion.
Impact of Reactive and Proactive Corporate Social Responsibility on the Financial Performance of Saudi SMEs
1Samar Harbi; 2Anis Omri
The research investigates the impact of Reactive and Proactive Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives on the financial performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). This study employed a cross-sectional descriptive survey design supported by 322 respondents from Saudi SMEs in the Al Qassim region. The statistical package used was SPSS v.28. The financial performance of SMEs is positively correlated with reactive and proactive CSR initiatives, indicating that reactive CSR does not result in substantial financial gains; Rather, it involves participation in a variety of economic and environmental initiatives that indirectly influence the financial performance of Saudi SMEs. In contrast, proactive CSR improves financial performance by affecting the economy, society, and environment. The results indicate that the financial performance of SMEs may not be substantially impacted by adhering to legal and ethical regulations. Another outcome of this investigation was the development of three models that used ANOVA and multiple regression to forecast the impact of reactive and proactive CSR and their constituents on the financial performance of SMEs. The results emphasize the importance of a proactive approach to CSR for SMEs in Saudi Arabia and the necessity of incorporating CSR into business strategies to achieve an optimistic improvement in financial performance among Saudi SMEs.
Social Capital and Performance of Manufacturing Firms in South-East Nigeria
Chukwu Benjamin Ibe1,Chinomso Oru Osim1, Okafo-Obiora Chinedui
This study investigated the interaction between on social capital and performance of manufacturing firms in South-east Nigeria. Social capital is critical to improving the performance of manufacturing firms. The specific objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of social interaction on operational efficiency, ascertain the effect of central network position on profitability, and determine the effect of network size on market share of manufacturing firms in South East Nigeria. The study employed a survey research design. The sample size of 309 was randomly selected, and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) values ranging from 0.620 to 0.949; showing that all constructs have excellent sampling adequacy. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to ensure a comprehensive representation. The research instrument was validated using content validity. The study adopted Cronbach’s coefficient alpha for establishing the reliability of the constructs. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized for data analysis. The study employed a simple regressionto test formulated hypotheses. Findings revealed thatsocial interaction had a significant positive effect on operational efficiency of manufacturing firms (given β= 0.922205; p-value <0.01), central network position had a significant positive effect on profitability of manufacturing firms (given β= 0.885857; p-value <0.01), and network size had a significant positive effect on market share of manufacturing firms in South East Nigeria (given β= 0.931183; p-value <0.01).The study strongly supports the notion that social capital plays a crucial role in enhancing the performance of manufacturing firms in South East Nigeria. The study recommended that firms should consider implementing strategies that promote social interaction like team-building activities, and open communication channels, as these practices will create a more cohesive work environment that can enhance overall operational efficiency.
Impact of Electronic Word of Mouth Content on Customer Purchase Intention of Smart Phones with the Mediating Impact of Brand Attitude in Sri Lanka
Monali Karunarathna, D.M.R. Dissanayake, Dr Amiya Bhaumik
The customer journey has evolved and has taken a digital phase with the technology. Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) has been researched over the last fifteen years and the effect is long known on customers. Though different studies have studied areas such as the impact of eWOM, there was a shortfall gap in identifying the determinants and impact of eWOM content on the consumer purchase intention stage. Due to the availability of both consumer and marketer-generated content, marketers need to identify what factors should be considered in planning online marketing strategies, specially for a growing and competitive industry such as smartphones in the Sri Lankan context. Therefore, the research will study the “Impact of electronic word of mouth content on customer purchase intention of smartphones with the mediating impact of brand attitude in Sri Lanka” This study was conducted as a quantitative research where the primary data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire as a single cross-sectional survey with 410 respondents. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. The results indicate that brand attitude partially mediates the impact of eWOM content oncustomers' intention to purchase smartphones in Sri Lanka.The study provides managerial implications to enhance the digital strategy for smartphone brands to improve overall performance by incorporating branding. Furthermore, the study shed light on future research by extending to other countries and to different industries to measure the impact of eWOM content.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Extracts Against Escherichia coli and Aspergillus Sp.
Surbhi1 & Ram Kumar Pundir2*, Rajesh Yogi2 & Sonu Dwivedi3
In the present study, a total of 22 plant extracts was screened for their antimicrobial activity against E. coli and Aspergillus Sp.by agar well diffusion method. The highest antibacterial activity was shown by the Syzygium leave aqueous extract, followed by the Zingiber root ethanolic, and Azadirachta leave ethanolic extrats against E. coli with zone of inhibition 20mm, 18mm and 18mm respectively. Murraya leave ethanolic extract showed inhibitory activity with the zone of inhibition of 11mm against E. coli. The zone of inhibition of ethanol extract of Piper leaves has shown the zone of inhibition of (30mm) followed by Curcuma root ethanolic extract (15mm) against Aspergillus Sp. The maximum activity was found in Ketoconazole with the zone of inhibition of 15mm followed by clotrimazole (10mm) and Itraconazole (8mm). AspergillusSpwas found to be resistant to Nystatin, Amohitericin B and Fluconazole. E. coli was foundto be sensitiveto Gentamicin and clindamycin and it was resistant to Ampicillin, Cephalothin, Chloramphenicol, Oxacillin, Vancomycin and Erythromycin.The minimum inhibitory concentration of the aqueous extract of Syzygiumleave extract against E. coli was 2.5%. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract of Piper fruit against Aspergillus Sp. was 10% (w/v). Phytochemical analysis of Piper fruit ethanolic extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, proteins and amino acids, carbohydrates, and absence of terpenoids. It can be suggested from the present study that Piper ethanolic extract may be used as natural antifungal agent against the infection caused by Aspergillus Sp. and Syzygium leaves aqueous extract against E. coli.
Comparative Estimation of Serum and Salivary GTT Levels among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Individuals- An Invitro Study
*1Dr.A.Beeula,2Dr. Sastimani.P.M, 3Dr. S. Shamala, 4Dr. Adhithya.B, 5Dr. Kokila.S
Background: Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder linked to heredity withabnormally elevated blood glucose levels has been reported with highest incidence rate in India being described as the capital hub globally. Though serum GTT(Glucose tolerance test) level estimations are considered gold standard in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus reports have suggested that salivary glucose levels can also be considered in estimation of glucose levels as it seems to be a non -invasive procedure. Aim: To estimate and compare salivary and serum GTT levels among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus individuals. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Oral Pathology and microbiology after the approval from institutional review board. Total of 80 samples comprising of 2 groups: 40 controls (Group 1) and 40 type 2 Diabetes mellitus (Group 2) age and gender matched individuals with known diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Blood and unstimulatedsalivary GTT levels were analyzed using GOD-POD (Glucose oxidaseand Peroxidase)enzymatic method. The samples were collected during fasting; 1-hour interval and 2 hours interval (post prandial). The samples were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm and we respectrophotometrically analyzed at 540nm. Results: The one-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. On comparison between the groups, postprandial salivary and serum samples of type 2 diabetes mellitus showed highest mean value (255.95 mg/dl) and (90.34 mg/dl) than other groups and with a statistically significant P value of < 0.05. Conclusion: As saliva analysis is a non- invasive diagnostic technique, it can be used for monitoring glycemic status of type 2 diabetes mellitus status and can be used as an alternative to serum samples. In this study, an attempt has been made to estimate and correlate the salivary GTT levels to compare between diabetics and non-diabetics and also to obtain a salivary glucose standard value.
Full Mouth Rehabilitation and Management of Complications: A Case Report
Dr. Sreedevi Kannan1, Dr. Durghalakshmi2
Rehabilitating partially edentulous patients, especially in distal extension cases where traditional fixed prostheses without implants are impractical, presents significant challenges. This report emphasizes modern dentistry's goals of restoring oral health, function, and comfort by discussing the use of a removable prosthesis connected to an implant as a viable treatment option. This method offers cross-arch stability during mastication and improves esthetics by reducing metallic display through a stress director system. The case also highlights the effectiveness of implant-supported hybrid prostheses in addressing aesthetic, functional, and speech concerns in extreme cases. The abstract underscores the importance of tailoring prosthetic solutions to meet both patient-specific needs and comprehensive dental considerations, including biological and mechanical factors, while advocating for precision attachments to enhance esthetics and biomechanics in oral rehabilitation.
The Acquisition of the English Language through E-Learning Innovations for Elementary Students in Jordan during COVID-19 Pandemic
Samah Fayez Al-Qammaza & Raed Mahmoud Al-Atiyatb
This study aims to find out the perceptions of learners and their parents about acquiring English language skills during the COVID-19 pandemic for first graders in Jordan. The study used the innovative descriptive approach by surveying 313 primary school students in all governorates of Jordan. Considering the accessibility of the internet, the technical performance of teachers and the level of difficulty in acquiring language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking) during the online learning innovative process are questioned. Accordingly, the results of the study indicated that transferring face-to-face learning to online learning, especially for primary grades for English language learners, is an effective method during the epidemic when the Internet is mostly accessible by students. In addition, students positively stated that most of the lecturers know how to teach learning English online using the Ministry of Education innovative platform “DARSAK”.Students also agreed that speaking section is the most difficult skill to learn in English language lessons online. The study also indicated that online learning is an important alternative means to assist in teaching in the casethe epidemic spreading again. However, the use of appropriate technology must be considered to enhance and encourage students participating in the online learning environment.
Strategic Fit and Organizational Performance: A Case Study Of Nestle Nigeria PLC
Linus Izediuno, Okafor; Balikis Ayomide, Adeyemi; Nkiruka Eugenia, Ifekwem; Emmanuel Olusanmi, Alabi; Oseikhuemen Aiguagbonse, Ogun; Tony Eke, Obike; Ikenna Theodore, Nnoli; Joyce Ogechi, Adindu
The research investigated the relationship between internal strategic fit and organizational performance and examined the relationship between external strategic fit and organizational performance all with a view to assessing the impact of strategic fit on organizational performance. The study adopted a descriptive research design.The instrument of research design used was questionnaire. Two hundred and twenty-seven (227) copies of questionnaire were administered to Nestle Nigeria Plc, Lagos, two hundred and one (201) were correctly attended to while twenty-six (26) were defective. Inanalysing the questionnaire, descriptive statistics of Bar chart was used in classifying data supported using inferential statistics of Pearson correlation coefficient in testing of hypotheses. The research discovered that there is a positive significant relationship between the internal strategic fit and organizational performance. Secondly that there is a positive significance relationship between the external strategic fit and organizational performance. Conclusively, both the internal strategic fit and external strategic fit positively impact organizational performance in Nestle Nigeria Plc. The research recommended that organizations should conduct regular strategic fit assessments. This will involve evaluating the alignment between the organization’s internal capabilities and its strategy as well as how the strategy matches the external environment.
Ability of Baker's Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) to Increase Apple Vinegar Production and to Suppress its Associated Fungi
Tasneem A. Al-Adaileh1, Muwaffaq R. Karajeh2, Nofal S. Al-Ameiri2 & Ziad B. Al-Rawashdeh3
The production of apple vinegar through Baker's Yeast fermentation technique using three concentrations; 1%, 3% and 10% from fruit cubes or juice of three apple fruits: red fruit; Red Delicious, green fruit; Granny Smith and yellow fruit; Golden Delicious was evaluated for their suitability for vinegar production. The analysis was done using apple cubes and apple juice, then evaluated through several parameters including microbial growth and sensorial evaluation by color, odor and taste. More apple vinegar was produced from fruit juice than from fruit cubes and with higher quality and in a short time within 1 month compared to more than 80 days using cubes. The other concentrations of yeast (1% and 3%) are suitable where 1% yeast is the most suitable and was sufficient to combat undesirable formed fungal microflora that are associated with apple fruit and recorded in this study (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum, P. expansum, Alternaria solani, and Rhizopus stolonifer) The molds were found associated with apple fruit cubes or juice but their frequency was reduced gradually as the concentration of yeast was gradually increased to 10% to less than 5%. Among the three apple cultivars used, Golden Delicious gave better odor and taste than Granny smith or Red Delicious when apple juice was used as a substrate for vinegar production but when fruit cubes were used; Red Delicious was the best without obvious variation in the amount of vinegar yield.
Oral Complications of Tuberculosis - A Review
1Dr Priyanka Singh1; 2Dr Pradakhshana Vijay2; 3Dr. Roshna Sankar1; 4Dr. Tanveer Fathima1; 5Dr Aanchal Tandon3; 6Dr. Shalini Gupta
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*, primarily affects the lungs but can also involve the oral cavity, though this is rare (1.4% of cases). Oral TB, often secondary to pulmonary TB, manifests as non-healing ulcers on areas like the tongue, palate, and lips. Diagnosis involves chest X-rays, sputum culture, and molecular tests. Oral pathologists play a crucial role in differentiating TB from conditions like syphilis, fungal infections, and squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment follows systemic TB protocols, including anti-tubercular drugs and the DOTS strategy for compliance.
Social Capital and Small and Medium Enterprises Performance in South-South, Nigeria
Etozuo, Onyinye Nwabueze; Ogbo, Anastasia Ifechukwudebelu; Chinda, Collins Chimkamma; Ahungwa, Philip Aondona; Ajoh, Theresa Nguvan; Ike Nnia Mba Sr
This researchaimsto investigate the effect of social capital on SME performance in the South-South geo-political region of Nigeria. The study's broad objective is to ascertain the influence of social capital on small and medium enterprise Performance in the South-South Region of Nigeria and adopt personal network relationships and relationship marketing as dimensions of social capital to enhance performance in SMEs.The study employed a cross-sectional survey design, usingtheTaro Yamenne formula to arrive at a sample size of 517 SMEs drawn from a population of 18,616. Data was collected using a five-point Likert scale closed-ended questionnaire and ordinary linear regression for analysis. The findings revealed that personal network relationships and relationship marketing all positively impacted key aspects of SME performance, including financial performance and customer engagement. The study concluded that these social capital factors are critical for the performance and durability of SMEs in South-South Nigeria. It recommended that identifying and implementing these success factors is essential for the successful transition and growth of SMEs across age bands.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Plant Extracts Against Bacterial Isolates from Dental Decay Infection
Divya Joseph Gill1, Ram Kumar Pundir2* & Rajesh Yogi2
The present study was undertaken for the isolation of bacteria associated with dental problems and to assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of different plant extracts against isolated bacteria by the agar well diffusion method. Among twelve plant extracts tested, the ethanolic extract of Clove (bud) showed maximum inhibition of 40 mm, Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) against Dental Caries bacterial isolate and 25 mm against Dental Cyst bacterial isolate. Against both Dental Caries bacterial isolate and Dental Cyst bacterial isolate, mulethi (root) extract depicted a ZOI of 35 mm and 31 mm, respectively, while for cinnamon (bark) extract, the ZOI remained at a value of 32 mm for both. Neem (leaves) extracts did not depict any inhibition against the isolated bacteria.The MIC was found to be 0.15% (w/v) for both isolates utilizing Clove (bud) ethanolic extract. Results for antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolate, Dental Caries bacterial isolate, showed that gentamicin had the largest ZOI of about 20 mm in diameter, followed by chloramphenicol and erythromycin with 15 mm each, and then vancomycin with 10 mm. Other antibiotics like ampicillin, oxacillin, clindamycin, and cephalexin did not have any zone of inhibition.The results of the phytochemical assay of the clove extract showed no anthocyanins, saponins, phlobatannins, tannins, phenolic compounds, or cardiac glycosides, but the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and carbohydrates. These findings contribute to establishing natural plant extracts, especially clove extract, as substitutes to standard antibiotics.
Legal Tech Revolution: Exploring Innovations in Indian Law for the 21st Century
Dr. Aarti Gandotra1, Mohd Aqib Aslam2
The rapid advancement of technology has significantly impacted various sectors, and the legal field is no exception. This paper, titled “Legal Tech Revolution: Exploring Innovations in Indian Law for the 21st Century,” delves into the transformative effects of technological innovations on the Indian legal system. As India strides into the 21st century, the integration of legal technology presents both opportunities and challenges that are reshaping legal practice, judicial administration, and access to justice. The paper examines key technological innovations including artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, e-courts, and online dispute resolution (ODR). AI-driven tools are revolutionizing legal research and case management, enhancing efficiency and accuracy. Blockchain technology is being explored for applications in property registration and smart contracts, offering improved security and transparency. The e-courts initiative aims to modernize the judicial process, reducing delays and increasing accessibility through virtual hearings. Meanwhile, ODR platforms provide alternative mechanisms for dispute resolution, streamlining processes and making justice more accessible. Despite these advancements, the integration of legal tech in India faces several challenges. The paper addresses issues such as the need for robust regulatory frameworks, ethical considerations, and the digital divide. It highlights the importance of developing comprehensive policies, investing in technological infrastructure, and promoting digital literacy to ensure equitable access to legal tech. The paper concludes with policy recommendations and strategic directions for leveraging legal tech to enhance the Indian legal system. These include fostering collaboration among stakeholders, ensuring data protection and cyber security, and addressing ethical and inclusivity concerns. By embracing these innovations, India has the potential to build a more efficient, transparent, and accessible legal system that meets the demands of the 21st century.
Effect of Service Recovery Strategies on Customer Loyalty to Selected Deposit Money Banks in South East Nigeria
1 Obasi, Obasi Kalu, 2Chuka, Ifediora, 3Ewuzie, Cajetan, 4Mokwuah, Chieloka James, 5. 5Ikpo, David Oti
This study examined the effect of service recovery strategies on customer loyalty to selected deposit money banks (DMBs) in South East, Nigeria with customer service recovery satisfaction as a mediator. The specific objectives were to: Determine the extent to which the use of referee affects service recovery satisfaction of selected DMBs in South East, Nigeria; ascertain the extent to which timely feedback affects service recovery satisfaction of selected DMBs in South East, Nigeria; evaluate the effect of communication on service recovery satisfaction of selected DMBs in South East, Nigeria; ascertain the extent to which empowerment affects service recovery satisfaction of selected DMBs in South East, Nigeria; investigate the effect of apology on service recovery satisfaction of selected DMBs in South East, Nigeria; determine the extent to which compensation affects service recovery satisfaction of selected DMBs in South East, Nigeria and evaluate the extent to which service recovery satisfaction mediates the relationship between service recovery strategies and customer loyalty to selected DMBs in South East, Nigeria. The population of the study comprised of customers of selected DMBs in South East, Nigeria. A sample size of 313 corporate and individual customers was selected for the study. Questionnaire was the instrument for data for data collection. The formulated hypotheses were tested using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) version 3.2.8 technique. The findings revealed that service recovery strategies (based on justice theory consisting of procedural justice, interactional justice and distributive justice) significantly affect customer loyalty, with service recovery satisfaction positively mediating this relationship. The study contributes to the literature by introducing the use of a referee as a dimension of procedural justice aspect of service recovery strategy and providing empirical support for the social justice theory and Recovsat (recovery satisfaction) model. The results have implications for banks' service recovery strategies, highlighting the importance of effective service recovery in enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty. The study recommends as procedural justice elements, that banks should use referee to resolve severe services failure, adopt the use operational manuals to guide staff in service recovery; offer adequate monetary compensation as an aspect to distributive justice with apology and communicate feedback timely to customers with politeness which are elements of interactional justice
Relationship between Profitability in Non-Life Insurance Business Sector and Economic Growth in Nigeria; An ARDL Approach
Uduakobong Inyang (Ph.D.); Queensley C. Chukwudum (Ph.D.) & Douglas A. Adu (Ph.D.)
Literature on the relationship between economic activities in the insurance sector and economic growth mainly focus on the financial intermediation role of the sector. However, the relationship between the financial ratios which are key indicators of profitability in the sector and economic growth is yet to be addressed. This study thus examined the relationship between profitability, measured by combined operating ratio, loss development ratio, return on equity, market share, and economic growth in Nigeria. Data for the period 1990 to 2021 from 39 non-life insurance firms was used in the study and Autoregressive distributive lag error correction (ARDL-EC) model was used for data analysis. The results indicated existence of a long run relationship between the profitability indicators and economic growth. Precisely, the relationship between return on equity as well as market share with economic growth were found to be significantly negative while the relationship between loss development ratio and economic growth was found to be significantly positive. Combined operating ratio did not exhibit any significant relationship with economic growth. It was concluded that, apart from loss development ratio, other profitability indicators in the sector did not support economic growth in Nigeria. Based on the findings, adoption of more financial prudential measures to strengthen financial performance of the sector, sustained prompt payment of genuine claims and increase in the rate of policy renewals instead of new policy on boarding were recommended.
Factors Affecting Leaders Turnover in Government Organizations: The Case of Addiszemen City Administration, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Zelalem Tadesse Lakew , Mateb Tafere Gedifew
The main purpose of this study is to find out the factors affecting leaders’ turnover in government organizations in Addiszemen City Administration, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. In order to achieve the stated objective the researcher employed both qualitative and quantitative research approach. The research paradigm for this study was Pragmatism. Data was collected through both primary and secondary data sources drawing from questionnaires and document analysis. The study employed descriptive methods of data analysis and the qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistical techniques such as frequency, mean score and percentage. On the other hand, the quantitative information gathered through clothed-ended questionnaire and the documents were analysed by thematic analysis technique. In this study, the sample sizes of the study were 153. Among the results obtained from the study, the most determinant factors of leaders turnover in the study area is found that poor living conditions, unhealthy working environment and insufficient salary payment were the major factors that causes leaders’ turnover. In addition to the above findings, based on the document analysis result from 2020-2024 trends of leader turnover in the study area within five years more than 100% of leaders were leave their leadership role in the city administration. These critical factors aggravate the failure of the organization outcome. It is therefore recommended that the concerned body such as the local government bodies of Addiszemen city administrators, the Amhara regional state and higher policy makers should work together and give attention to improve the observed leader turnover factors to maintain professional leaders, experienced, and effective leaders in their government organizations.
The Concept of People and Collective Participation in Liberation Theology: The Nigeria Context
1Eteng, Nzeyo Gabriel (Ph.D); 2Adams, Peter Akpo, (Ph.D); 3Etta, Robert Bikom (Ph.D); 4Imeh, Mfon Afred; 5Joseph Okuta Ajor, (Ph.D); 6Emeng, Gideon Imoke (Ph.D)
Liberation theology is a movement that emerged in Latin America in the 1960s and 1970s, which seeks to apply the Christian faith to the social, political, and economic realities of the oppressed. This paper examined how the concept of “people” and collective participation is understood and practiced in liberation theology in the Nigeria context. The paper saw as a problem, some challenges that hinder people and collective participation in liberation theology in Nigeria, such as the lack of education, the marginalization of women, the persecution of Christians, the infiltration of foreign ideologies, and the fragmentation of liberation movements. The main objective of the paper was to analyze the main features and challenges of people and collective participation in liberation theology in Nigeria and to propose some recommendations for enhancing people and collective participation in liberation theology in Nigeria. The paper adopted a qualitative research methodology, using secondary sources such as books, articles, reports, and documents. Our findings showed that people and collective participation in liberation theology in Nigeria is influenced by various factors, such as the colonial legacy, the ethnic diversity, the religious pluralism, the political instability, the economic inequality, and the cultural identity. The paper concluded by offering some recommendations for enhancing people and collective participation in liberation theology in Nigeria, such as the promotion of dialogue, the empowerment of grassroots communities, the integration of indigenous values, the formation of alliances, and the development of contextualized theologies.
Exploring the Role of Flexible Work Arrangements in Enhancing Employee Engagement
1Marvellous Gberevbie (PhD),2Blessing Y. Ayandele,3Adeola Z. Adegoke
This study explores the relationship between workplace flexibility and employee engagement in selected FinTech companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study was grounded in social exchange theory, work/family theory, and spillover theory. Using a descriptive statistic for mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and frequency distributions, and using inferential statistical methods for regression analysis to determine the relationship between workplace flexibility and employee engagement, data were collected from 262 employees. The findings demonstrate a significant positive relationship between flexible work arrangements (such as compressed workweeks, job sharing, and flextime) and employee engagement. The study concludes that implementing flexible work practices enhances employee engagement, personal development, and job satisfaction. Recommendations for organizations include incorporating workplace flexibility into recruitment processes to boost employee satisfaction and engagement and incorporate supportive organizational policies.
Responsiveness of the Stability of the Financial System to Fiscal Shocks: ASub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Perspective
1Faith Chidinma Lawal; 2Josaphat Uchechukwu Joe Onwumere; 3Ebere Ume Kalu; 4Onyejiaku Chinyere, 5Wilfred Isioma Ukpere
The study evaluated the impact of fiscal shocks on financial system stability in Sub-Saharan Africa for the coverage period, 1973 to 2023 and the cross section represents 48 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The independent variables were Revenue Shock, Public Expenditure Shock, Public Debt Shock, Growth Shocks, Interest Rate and Exchange Rate Shocks, which were used to measure fiscal shocks while the dependent variable isfinancial system stability measured by Z-score. Using dynamic panel least squares, the study found that Fiscal shocks arising from public expenditure, growth and revenue adversely affected financial system stability while those arising from debt and interest rate positively and significantly affected the stability of the financial system in SSA countries within the investigated period. This study exposes the fact that the stability of the financial is not only a monetary policy issue rather fiscal policy also can help stabilize or add to the destabilization of the SSA countries’financial system. This factor is amplified by the fragility of the SSA financial system and the fiscal dominance in the management of the economy of the region which makes policy retooling imperative for averting system failures and destabilisation.
Effect of Freshwater-Seawater Transition on the Gill Atpase Activity of the Catadromous Euryhaline Mullet (Mugil Cephalus)
Asuquo, Philomena E.1; Essien, Eyo E.2
Only a few studies have explored the expression of mullet gill ion transporters during the transition from freshwater to saltwater and back, a key stage in the mullet's life cycle.Low salinity (0, 5, 10, 15 ‰) acclimated grey mullets were sampled over 28days of acclimation for blood and gill tissue. Results revealed that mullets held in the controlexperiment with salinity maintained at 20‰ had constant sodium, chloride, and plasma osmolality across the experiment. Plasma sodium, chloride, and total osmolality levels improved markedly toward control values after seawater dilutions. Gill H+-ATPase activity increased by halfin 14days after exposure to low salt conditions, whereas H+-ATPase mRNA levels were not affected by the salinity change. Within 7 days of exposure to low salt conditions, gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity increasedto about 40% more than control levels, remaining significantly higher until the 28thday, when it reduced again to control levels. This increase in activity was accompanied by a more than 7-foldrisein the level of Na+/K+-ATPase isoform α1a mRNA level and a 6-foldfallin the amount of Na+/K+-ATPase isoform α1b mRNA. The mRNA levels of Na+/K+-ATPase isoforms α1c and α3 remained unchanged as a results of seawater dilutions. The time courses for mRNA expression of the small membrane protein FXYD 11 and the β1-subunit were very similar, with levels increasing significantly 14 days following exposure to low salt conditions before rising again to the control levels on the28thday. The findings of this study suggest an important role for Na+/K+-ATPase in seawater acclimation in grey mullet. The study recommends the α1a mRNA isoform of Na+/K+-ATPase as a suitable potential molecular biomarker for regulating and controlling genes in low-salinity aquatic environments.
Socio-Economic Determinants of Health Expenditure and Insurance Coverage: A Case Study of Visakhapatnam, India
1Lakshmi Ommi & 2Prof. B.Lilly Grace Eunice
This study explores the factors influencing health expenditure and insurance coverage among households in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Data from 224 households was analysed using statistical methods like descriptive statistics and Chi-Square tests. The results indicate that education, income, and caste significantly affect health expenditure, while occupation does not. Health insurance coverage is higher among regular salaried workers and those with secondary education, though disparities remain across different income and occupational groups. The findings underscore the importance of addressing socio-economic disparities to enhance healthcare access and financial protection for vulnerable populations.
The Application of the English Fun Dubbing App in Oral English Teaching for College English Majors
Liu Hong
With the rapid development of contemporary information technology and mobile networks, the popularity of smart phones among college students is extremely high, and online learning tools have been widely used, especially some educational apps that provide possibilities and feasibility for mobile learning. However, in teaching, due to the limitations of teaching time and oral environment, the English oral teaching mode is single and boring, resulting in low enthusiasm and participation of English major students in oral learning, which need to be focused on improving. To improve the current situation of English oral teaching for English majors and enhance teaching effectiveness, teachers should attach importance to the transformation and development of teaching methods under the information age, and fully utilize the auxiliary and supportive role of information technology. As an English learning app, English Fun Dubbing (EFD) has gained popularity among many English learners due to its diverse video resources and unique learning methods. English dubbing software, as an information tool to assist oral teaching, provides new ideas for teachers' oral teaching with its vivid and lively content, and also creates real and interesting learning situations for students. This research starts with the theories of “input” and “output” in second language acquisition, analyzing the functions and roles of the mobile smart software EFD in assisting college English majors in oral English teaching. The research results have certain implications for students improving their English ability in a mobile learning environment by using EFD as well as for English teachers applying this software more effectively in pronunciation or oral English teaching.
The Importance of Policy Initiative, Strategic Implementation to Address Social Challenges Affecting Young People in Nigeria
1Omah Onyekachi Nehemiah, 2Norsuhaily Abu Bakar
Record shows that more than 90 million young people are unemployed (47 per cent of the total global labour force) and 300 million are working in poverty in low-skilled, insecure jobs in terrible conditions.The need for a better society has called for a clearer delineation of what constitutes a healthy state. Public policy initiative is a product of substantive measures chosen at a particular time or place to solve a particular problem. From the discursive point of view, every policy and law codifies a specific construct of social reality,both the informative goal and the planned means required to achieve that goal are part of that construct. The policy also connects and represents practises, actors and communities that are intertwined with politics.Policy can be referred as a fluid field that aims to shape the exercise of state power, but whose boundaries are regularly redrawn in public discourse.The Researcher explored quantitative concept approach with questionnaire method to conduct investigation in 12communities of Anambra State Eastern Nigeria. 390 respondents comprising parents of 25-60 years of age sampling frame were randomly selected to represent the total research population. Data were analysed using SPSS statistics version 24.The studymade an in-debt investigation involving parental care level, stakeholders and policy implementation to ascertain hypothetical outcome in justifying and examines the impediment issues that would result to a family better live-hood and that of the society at large. Findings indicates Lack of policy evaluation ministries leads to failure in policy implementation”. Likewise, with the mean score (M=2.68 – SD=1.246) majority of respondents in the study disagree with the statement “Existing policies adequately address social welfare, youth, and adolescent wellbeing in Nigeria. Lastly, with the mean score (M=2.56 – SD=1.250) majority of respondents in the study disagree with the statement “Policy implementation affects economic growth and impact on citizen wellbeing. Finally, government as the key stakeholder mediates Adolescent wellbeing, family and the community. Therefore, the development of families will inevitably have an impact on the improvement of the young people, communities and societies to which they belongs when there is right policy initiative and implementation mechanism in place.
Future Directions for RTI: Innovations and Reforms in Access to Information Laws
1Dr. Bindu Sangra, 2Mohd Aqib Aslam
The Right to Information (RTI) law is a critical tool for promoting transparency, accountability, and participatory governance in democratic societies. Since its inception, RTI has empowered citizens to access information held by public authorities, thus enabling them to hold the government accountable. However, the effectiveness of RTI laws has been increasingly challenged by issues such as bureaucratic resistance, lack of awareness, and technological barriers. This paper explores the future directions for RTI, focusing on innovations and reforms needed to enhance access to information. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical development of RTI laws, the current status of the RTI Act in India, and the global trends that could shape the future of access to information. The paper proposes several reforms, including the integration of digital technologies, strengthening of legal frameworks, and harmonization of RTI laws with data privacy regulations. These reforms are essential to ensure that RTI continues to serve as a powerful instrument for transparency and accountability in the years to come
Impact of Business Process Re-Engineering (BPR) on Cost Reduction in Corporate Organizations: A Case of Sterling Bank PLC
Oiku, Peter Omoyebagbe
Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) has emerged as a critical strategy for organizations aiming to achieve substantial cost reductions and enhance operational efficiency in today’s competitive environment. This study explores the impact of BPR on cost reduction within corporate organizations, with a specific focus on Sterling Bank Plc. Utilizing a survey research design, data was collected from 100 employees through structured questionnaires, designed to capture both quantitative and qualitative insights into BPR practices and their effects on cost reduction. The data was analyzed using multiple linear regression, which revealed that BPR accounts for 53.1% of the variability in cost reduction. This significant finding indicates that BPR factors included in the model explain a considerable portion of the observed changes in cost reduction, highlighting BPR’s crucial role in cost management. The standardized coefficient of 0.687 and a p-value of 0.046 further underscore the positive and statistically significant relationship between BPR implementation and cost reduction, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. These results emphasize the effectiveness of BPR in achieving cost reduction objectives. Based on these findings, it is recommended that organizations prioritize BPR initiatives, streamline processes, invest in employee training, and continuously refine BPR strategies to enhance cost management and operational efficiency.
Biomass Energy in Nigeria: Prospects, Challenges and Solutions
Okorafor, O.O1, Chikwue, M.I1, Ogbuagu, A.E2 & Mbagwu, E1
Nigeria's energy landscape, characterized by a burgeoning population and a rapidly growing economy, is confronted with a pressing need for sustainable and diversified energy sources to meet the requisite energy demands of industries and the society. This study presents a critical review that analyzes the potentials, challenges and solutions involved in the use of biomass energy as an alternative energy resource for the country. The nation has a wide array of resources with the potential to produce 7.5 million m3 of bioethanol per annum, of which 62% (4.7 million m3) are obtainable from agricultural residues, with more than 71% of the generated municipal solid waste (MSW) being combustible with high energy potentials. Amidst these prospects, biomass energy in Nigeria is faced with challenges ranging from financial constraints and infrastructural deficiencies to inefficient resource utilization, poor policies and the lack of government support. Despite these challenges, the prospects of biomass in Nigeria section illuminates a promising path forward with multifaceted opportunities, including renewable energy generation, rural electrification, sustainable waste management, job creation, climate change mitigation, and improved indoor air quality. These prospects resonate with Nigeria's aspiration for sustainable development and align with global trends in renewable energy adoption. By navigating the challenges and capitalizing on the prospects of biomass energy, Nigeria can chart a course toward a resilient, diverse, and environmentally conscious energy future through international partnerships, public acceptance campaigns, development of logical databases for biomass resources, establishing the proper framework and infrastructure for biomass implementation as well a robust support from the government to inculcate biomass into the existing energy grid of the country. This transition holds the potential to reshape the nation's energy landscape while fostering innovation, economic growth, and sustainable progress.
Service Recovery on Customer Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention in the Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) In Nigeria
1Amaechi Marcellus Chukwu, 2Shedrack Chinwuba Moguluwa, 3Jane Anene, 4Chinwendu Otei
This study empirically evaluates the impact of service recovery on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention within Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Service failure occurs when a provider fails to meet customer expectations, necessitating effective recovery strategies to address the issue and restore customer satisfaction. This research examines how various service recovery strategies—such as employee apologies, compensation, promptness of service, and employee courtesy—affect customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions in Nigerian DMBs. The study specifically aims to ascertain the extent to which employee apologies lead to effective service recovery, ascertain the impact of compensation on service recovery, determine the impact of promptness of service on service recovery, examine the effect of employee courtesy on service recovery, determine the effect of service recovery on customer satisfaction and examine the effect of customer satisfaction on repurchase intention in the Nigerian deposit money banks. Using a survey design, data were collected from 384 customers of DMBs in southeastern Nigeria, resulting in 312 usable responses. Hypotheses were tested through multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that employee apologies and compensation significantly enhance service recovery, while promptness of service and employee courtesy do not have a significant impact. Effective service recovery significantly improves customer satisfaction, which in turn drives repurchase intention.
Digital Transformation and Academic Staff Performance of Universities in Southeast Nigeria
Uzozie Henrietta Chinasa1; Anthony Igwe2; Dinka’a Adrian Yebit3
This study focuses on digital transformation and academic staff performance of South-Eastern, Nigeria universities. Specifically, the study objectives were to assess the effect of technological adoption on teaching effectiveness; determine the effect of Information Technological (I.T) infrastructural investment on research output and, evaluate the effect of digital skills training on teaching innovations. The study population consist of the academicstaff of Southeast, Nigeria universities, given as eight thousand, five hundred and ninety-two (8,592). Trek’s (2004) sampling size determination toolwas used to derive a sample size of three hundred and eighty-three (383). Questionnaire was the primary source of data for the study. Validation of the questionnaire was done by research experts and digital professionals. Regression analysis was used for analysing data at 5% error margin. Results indicate that: technological adoption had a significant effect on the teaching effectiveness. Again, the study revealed that information technology infrastructural investment significantly affected research output. More so, digital skills training had a significant effect on teaching innovations. In conclusion, digital transformation is a veritable tool that has the potential of enhancing teaching effectiveness, research output, and teaching innovation. Recommendation for the study was that management of universities should focus on incorporating advanced technological tools and platforms into their teaching methods to enhance teaching effectiveness and innovation.
Phytochemicals, Mineral Compositions and Antibacterial Susceptibilities of Leaf-Extracts of Bryophyllum Pinnatum
Okechi R.N1*, Ekpan F.D.M1, Josephat C.O1 & Udensi J.U2
The study investigated the mineral, heavy metal, phytochemical compositions and antibacterial sensitivities of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf-extracts against bacterial pathogens. The phytochemicals were extracted with absolute ethanol, methanol and aqueous solution as solvents. The phytochemical and mineral compositions of the extracts were determined using Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometeric (AAS) methods respectively. Antibacterial sensitivity tests were conducted using agar well diffusion assay method against some pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The susceptibility patterns of these extracts against these pathogens were compared with those of standard antibiotic (Chloramphenicol), which served as a positive control. Minerals and heavy metals such as K,Na, Ca, Mg, Pb, Mn, Zn, Cu, Hg, Cd, Ni, and Co were detected in low amount in the extracts. Secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic compounds, were identified in the extracts. Aqueous extract was the most effective, with a mean inhibition range of 0.00-12.64±0.01 mm, followed by ethanol (0.00-12.25±0.21 mm), while methanolic extract was the least (0.00-11.00±0.00 mm). Streptococcus pyogenes was the most susceptible bacterium, while Proteus mirabilis was the least. The bacteria were however more susceptible to Chloramphenicol than the three extracts at the tested concentrations. This study provides valuable insight into the potential use of Bryopyllum pinnatum as an antimicrobial agent.
Salivary Proteomics - A Comprehensive Literature Review
1Dr. L. Jebisha., 2Dr. C.Sreeja, 3Dr. Thirunavukkarasu Mahalakshmi, 4Dr. R. Sathish Muthu kumar, 5Dr. Thamil selvan Snega, 6Dr. Jayaraj Merlin
Salivary diagnostics is a potent and imminent field utilized for molecular diagnostics which aids in the diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases. As saliva is a clinically informative biological fluid useful for novel approaches and for expanding perspectives in clinical diagnosis, disease monitoring and treatment planning. Due to its ease and non-invasive collection process it is widely used as a molecular biomarker and also as an extensive potential diagnostic tool. Here, we briefly summarized the components of salivary proteomics and their applications and latest advances using salivary biomarkers for disease diagnosis.
The Function of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Delta State, Nigeria's Secondary School Administration
Anthony Great Ossai & Isabella E. Okokoyo
The study looked at how public secondary school administration in Delta State, Nigeria, was affected by information and communication technology (ICT). The research design used in the study was a descriptive survey. The study's population consisted of all Delta State public secondary school principals and instructors for the academic year 2023–2024. Fifty principals and two hundred and fifty teachers were selected using stratified random sampling. A questionnaire named the Information and Communication Technology and Administration of Secondary Schools Questionnaire (ICTASSQ) was the tool used to gather data. Using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, the instrument was validated and found to have a reliability coefficient of 0.81. Three research questions and three hypotheses were presented in order to get responses for the investigation. The obtained data were analysed using the mean and standard deviation, and the hypotheses were examined at the 0.05 level of significance using the Z-test. The application of information and communication technology can improve the delivery of administrative services, improve the teaching and learning process, and have a significant impact on school financial management in Delta State's secondary schools, according to the study's findings. Among other recommendations made by the study were that the government should supply sufficient ICT infrastructure for teaching and administrative purposes in public secondary schools, as well as regular and efficient supervision of these facilities.
The Dynamics of State Fragility and Mass Emigration of Nigerians
Chike A. Ezenwa, Chidinma Udo-Orji
The current massive emigration of Nigerians of all ages and professions to countries in Europe, United States of America, Canada, South Africa, Israel, Turkey, China, United Arab Emirate (UAE) and indeed all countries across the globe has assumed disturbing and alarming proportion. The immediate and long term effect of this uncontrolled outward migration is the disruption and stagnation of the national development potentials in all facets. Nigeria’s critical human capital is leaving in droves to develop other countries. This paper hereby presents new perspectives on Nigeria’s human flight explosion from the standpoint of the rapid drift towards state fragility nurtured by destructive politics and a parasitic leadership. Extant literature is awash with a string of factors which have been held responsible for the rising incidence of emigration of Nigerians on a massive scale in the last few years. These include the parlous state of the economy, unemployment, inflation, insecurity, political instability and failure of governance which epitomizes a fragile state. This study regards these factors as major triggers or drivers of emigration and not necessarily the fundamental cause because no country in the world is immune from economic, political and social crisis. Other remote and ancillary factors include sheer greed, obsession to travel abroad as a status symbol, and fear that the country is on the precipice of imminent collapse. This paper strongly contends that the intense rush to leave Nigeria at all cost and the spirit of despair and lack of patriotism among the people is borne out of some basic systemic chaos in the society. That crisis is what this paper has underscored as increasing wave of fragility of the Nigerian state. There is apparent nexus or correlation between state fragility and increasing tide of emigration by Nigerians. It is against this backdrop that qualitative research method is engaged to properly situate and analyze the data collected mainly from secondary sources in order to fully explain and understand this problematic reality and proffer sustainable resolution and remedy.
The Impact of International Labour Migration on Income and Expenditure Patterns of Migrants Families in East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Chitti Babu Chandramalla1 & Joshua Sujit Sadamalla2
The pursuit of work is the main reason for labour migration from one region to another. International remittances increase household income and reduce poverty levels in developing countries. The study examines the impact of migrant’s remittances on the income and expenditure patterns of the migrant’s families in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. The study adopted a survey research method. The respondents were selected by using convenient and simple random sampling methods. The formulated hypotheses were tested with the use of a t-test statistic. In order to explore the impact of migration on income and expenditure levels, a two-sample paired t-test was used to study the effect of migration on migrant’s families before and after migration. From the findings of the study and the tested hypotheses, it was discovered that there is a significant positive effect of migration on the income and expenditure patterns of the respondents in the study area. The study therefore offers some policy recommendations.
Investigating the Non-Linear Relationship between Exchange Rates and Inflation in India
1Rizwan Qasim,2Amina Irshad,3Faraz Ahmad
This study tries to investigate the asymmetric relationship between real effective exchange rate (REER) fluctuations and inflation (INF) in India using the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach using annual time series data from 1985 to 2022. The study explores how positive and negative changes in the REER impact INF differently. The findings reveal significant asymmetries in the relationship, indicating that REER appreciations have a more notable effect on INF compared to depreciation in the long run. However, in the short run, only negative changes in REER are significant. Moreover, the error correction term (ECT) shows convergence towards the long run. Additionally, the diagnostic results satisfied the assumptions of the classical linear regression model.
"Comparative Evaluation of Serum Lipid Profile in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and in Leukoplakia Patients"
1Dr Virendra kr. Jaisal; 2Dr. Rohit Jaiswal; 3Dr. Amol jain; 4Dr.Vivek Gupta; 5Dr. Amrita jayaswal; 6Dr Aanchal Tandon
Background: Determining hematologically changed lipid profile in patients with OSCC(oral squamous cell carcinoma) and leukoplakia andrelate serum lipid profile of OSCC patients with oral leukoplakia patients. Subjects And Methods: Different study groups: Group (I) 25 cases of oral Leukoplakia (with dysplasia),Group (II) 25 cases of OSCC, Group (III) 25 cases of control group individual without medical, dental, and habit history.5 ml fasting blood sample was collected under sterile conditions in plain vacutainer and allowed to clot for 1hr. Centrifugation of Vacutainer was done for 5 minutes at 3000 rpm. Serum was analyzed for lipid profile using fully automatic biochemistry analyser, based on principal of photometry. Results & Statistical Analysis Used: Data were summarized as Mean ± SE. Groups were compared by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significance of mean difference between groups was done by Tukey‘s HSD (honestly significant difference) post hoc test after determining normality by Shapiro-Wilk‘s test and similarity of variance by Levene‘s test. Discrete groups were compared by chi-square (χ2) test. Two-tailed (α=2) p value lower than 0.05 (p<0.05) was considered statistically significant. Analyses performed on SPSS software.Overall lipid profile show; as severity of disease increases, lipid content decreases and There is inverse relationship between serum lipid profile, OSCC and Leukoplakia. Conclusions: Detailed study on larger sample size can provide insights-into-the-inverse relationship between serum lipid profiles,leukoplakia and OSCC.
Tiny Warriors - Nanoparticle-Based Therapies for Oral Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Literature
1Dr. T. Dinesh Kumar (MDS),2Dr. R. Vijayakumar (Ph.D.), 3Dr. M. Rekha (MDS, DNB, MNAMS)
Introduction: Oral cancer poses a significant global health burden, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Nanoparticle-based therapies offer promising avenues for enhancing treatment efficacy and minimizing adverse effects. This review examines recent advancements in nanoparticle-based treatments for oral cancer, emphasizing their transformative potential in improving patient outcomes. Settings and Design: A comprehensive review of current literature and clinical studies on nanoparticle-based therapies for oral cancer was conducted. Methods and Material: Relevant articles were identified from peer-reviewed journals using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The selection criteria focused on studies published within the last decade, highlighting clinical trials, preclinical studies, and innovative nanoparticle formulations. Results: The advancements in nanoparticle technology have demonstrated improved targeting of cancer cells, enhanced drug delivery, and reduced systemic toxicity. Clinical trials indicate promising outcomes in tumor regression, reduced recurrence rates, and improved patient survival. Conclusions: Nanoparticle-based therapies represent a transformative approach to treating oral cancer. Continued research and clinical trials are essential to integrate these therapies into standard clinical practice fully.
Nexus between Online Sexual Abuse and Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria: A Call for an Inclusive Legislation
1Izu Cynthia Chukwufumnanya, 2Sesan Fabamise, 3Oriola Oyewole
The advent of technology within the global sphere have continued to benefit the social, cultural, and global aspects of human life. Despite the positive impact occasioned by use and application of technology and the internet, it has made it easier for criminals to perpetrate crimes against women and girls online. As a result, Online Sexual Abuse (OSA) has become a common kind of online assault which in future may lead to retardation in any countries’ growth and sustainability. This form of abuse is defined as any form of sexual abuse against women that is facilitated by information communication technology (ICT). The proliferation of this menace has become a significant global issue, particularly in Nigeria. Consequently, in order to eradicate this trend, it is imperative that appropriate legislation be implemented to improve the protection of victims and the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Consequently, the objective of this paper is to assess the concept of online sexual abuse, its correlation with the Sustainable correlation Development Goals (SDGs) that target women, analyse the legislation that safeguards victims, pinpoint deficiencies, and provide critical suggestions for combating the issue. In order to accomplish this, a doctrinal legal research methodology was implemented, utilising both primary and secondary sources of legislation. The Violence against Persons and Prohibition Act (VAPP Act) 2015 and the Cyber Crime Act, 2015 are among the primary sources of laws. Additionally, secondary sources of laws, including books written by renowned scholars, internet materials, and peer-reviewed journals, were employed. In conclusion, the study recommended for an all-inclusive and comprehensive legal framework which create for better harmonisation of our segmented laws on online sexual abuse in Nigeria.
Fostering Employee Engagement through Talent Skill Set in a Fintech Firm in Lagos, Nigeria
1Hezekiah O. Falola,2Oluwanifemi P. Awolola
This study explores the influence of technical and analytical expertise on employee engagement within a FinTech firm in Lagos, Nigeria. In the rapidly evolving Nigerian FinTech sector, marked by innovative digital solutions, understanding the factors that drive employee engagement is crucial for enhancing productivity, job satisfaction, and overall organisational performance. The study surveyed 130 employees from the selected Fintech to assess the impact of technical and analytical skills on affective, behavioural, and cognitive engagement, utilising a census approach. The research applies social cognitive theory to highlight the role of technical and analytical skills in shaping employee motivation and commitment. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS and SMART PLS software. Findings reveal that technical and analytical expertise significantly enhance employee engagement, supporting previous research linking these skills to job satisfaction and proactive workplace behaviours. The study underscores the importance of fostering a supportive corporate learning environment to maximise employee potential. Recommendations include implementing policies integrating learning into daily work routines and leveraging big data to maintain a competitive edge in the FinTech industry. These insights aim to guide talent management strategies and improve workforce effectiveness in Nigeria's burgeoning FinTech landscape.
Beyond Ambition: An Investigation of Hidden Forces Shaping Vocational Maturity for Effective Business among Adolescents
Vandana Aggarwal 1, Meghna Mehndroo1
This study aimed to assess the vocational maturity of senior secondary school students in Chandigarh with a focus on preparing them for effective business endeavours. A descriptive research design was utilized to collect accurate and meaningful data on vocational maturity. The study centered on a cohort of 100 adolescent students from Chandigarh, including both male and female individuals. Various inventories and techniques were used to assess vocational maturity, with a primary emphasis on the Career Maturity Inventory (CMI), originally designed by John Crites and adapted for use in India by Nirmal Gupta. Additionally, to comprehend the relationship between career maturity and personality traits, as well as socioeconomic status, additional instruments such as the 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire (Cattell and Eber, adapted for India by Kapoor and Tripathi) and the Socio-Economic Status Scale developed by Dr. Meenakshi were included. The analysis utilized Pearson correlation to investigate the significant associations between the three variables: career maturity, personality traits, and socioeconomic position, particularly in the context of business readiness. The final section of the report outlines the results obtained from the study and provides suggestions to improve students' vocational maturity, tailored towards effective business engagement.
The Influence of Socioeconomic Factors on Distress among Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Prasant Kumar Parida 1,Diptish Kumar Sahoo2 ,Rakesh Ranjan Swain3, Jyotiranjan Mohapatra4 ,Sashibhusan Dash 5
Background: Newly diagnosed cancer patients often experience distress. The treatment a person receives for cancer can be influenced by factors like their social background, but little is known about how these factors affect emotional well-being post-diagnosis. This study aimed to identify the social factors associated with distress in individuals recently diagnosed with cancer. Material and Methods: Cancer patients who were first diagnosed between January and December of 2023 were asked to fill out a questionnaire called the NCCN distress thermometer during their initial visit. They were also asked to identify specific things that caused them distress. Results: The study involved 458 patients who returned distress thermometers. The average age of the participants was 57 years, and 71% of them were women. Breast cancer was the most common type of cancer among the participants, followed by gynecological and gastrointestinal malignancies. 12% of the patients reported a distress score of 0, while 39% reported a score of 6 or higher. Financial difficulties were the most common cause of distress for the referred group. The study found that women, younger patients aged 28 to 45, and unemployed individuals were more likely to experience higher levels of distress. Additionally, patients with higher distress scores also had poorer clinical consequences.
Role of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Prophylaxis and Treatment of Post PartumhemorrhageSEP
T, Shaik Salma; Revwathy S; Sukanya Mukherjee; Dhivya Sethuraman
Problem: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a heat stable antifibrinolytic, used for the treatment of Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Our objective evaluates the efficacy of TXA in preventing PPH in both low and high risk women. Methodology: This observational study with 40 patients each in study and control groups, include term gestation, primigravida, multigravida, multiple pregnancy, placenta previa, abruption placentae, anemia, gestational diabetes, hypothyroidism, polyhydramnios, hypertension complicating pregnancy and other maternal medical disorders. Patients with contraindications to TXA, history of coagulopathy were excluded. TXA 1gm (10ml) in 100ml normal saline was given intravenously over 15minutes prophylactically, 30 minutes before skin incision in cesareansection and at 5 to 6cm cervical dilation in vaginal delivery. In the control group, patients received only AMTSL and if third stage bleeding exceeds 500 ml, therapeutic dose of TXA 1gm given. Amount of bleeding during various intervals were noted. If bleeding continues for more than 30minutes of placental delivery or restarts within 24 hours of first dose, repeat dosage of TXA was given. Findings: Showed statistically significant reduction in intra-partum blood loss (p value-<0.001, chi square value-24.838) and blood loss within 3 hours of placental delivery (p value- <0.001, chi square value-22.792).Requirement of repeat dose of TXA was significantly reduced in study group (p value- <0.001, chi square value -51.330).Conclusion: Prophylactic administration of TXA helps in reducing both incidence of PPH and the amount of blood loss irrespective of the mode of delivery in both emergency and elective situations among low andhigh risk women effectively.
Soil Seed Bank Studies in the Vegetation of Islamic Sacred Groves and its Ecological Implication for Restoration of Degraded Forests
Wondye Kebede1*, Tamrat Bekele1, Sebsebe Demissew1, Binyam Tesfaw Hailu2, Ermias Aynekulu3
Forest patches are rich in biodiversity and sources of seedlings. These patches are common in the Islamic Sacred Groves of East Africa. However, preserving these patches and restoring the degraded forests around the centers are challenging due to population increment, encroachment, soil degradation, etc. Therefore, we aim to study the soil seed bank's diversity and distribution to restore the area's degraded forests. In this study, 63 plots (20m x 20 m) were involved across eight sites. A total of 189 soil samples were collected from three distinctive soil layers at 3cm intervals at five locations per plot. The total count of seedlings and saplings of height <2 meters and DBH <2.5 cm was used to collect information on the regeneration potential of woody plant species. The soil seed bank diversity and similarity across the sites and soil layers were computed using the Shannon Diversity Index and Jaccard’s similarity coefficient. The results show that the sites cover 86 plant species belonging to 33 families dominated by the Poaceae, Asteraceae, and Lamiaceae families. Mersa and Beke Meda sites have the highest (123.41) and the lowest (9.31) seedling density, respectively. Natural regeneration in forest patches revealed that 82% of woody plants were represented by seedlings and saplings. Thirteen species (14%) exhibited no regeneration. 27 (30%) species showed high capability for regeneration, whereas 50 (56%) species showed poor regeneration. These research findings give insight into forest management organizations and suggest restoring the degraded forests in the Islamic cultural centers and surroundings.
Effect of Creative Accounting Practices on Banks' Financial Statement Quality in Nigeria
1Dr Obioma V. Ugwoke, 2Dr. Chidi Nnamani*, 3Chidiebere D. Ozor, 4Prof. Robinson O. Ugwoke
There is growing concern among present and potential investors, regulators, auditors etc. on the quality of financial statement usually made available by most companies in Nigeria. This concern is linked to the trend of cases of creative accounting practices being reported especially in the banking sector. This study was designed to provide empirical findings to the aforementioned. Thus, the study aimed at examining the effect of creative accounting on the quality of financial statements of deposit money banks in Nigeria from 2007 – 2019. An ex-post facto research design was considered appropriate for the study. The population of the study comprised all the twenty (20) deposit money banks in Nigeria from which a sample of seven (7) banks, namely, First bank plc, Zenith Bank Plc, Guaranty Trust Bank Plc, Access bank Nigeria, United bank for Africa, Ecobank Nigeria and Fidelity bank, were randomly selected. Annual data were collected from secondary sources such as abstracts from the Federal Office of Statistics (FOS), the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (CBNSB), etc. and was analysed using linear regression model with the aid SPSS version 23.0. The analysed data were presented in tables. The findings indicate that there exists a statistical significant effect between provision for doubtful debt (LOGPDD) and the reliability of profit after tax (LOGPAT) (R2 = .237, P = .000 at P < 0.05). Also, there exists a statistical significant effect between loan loss provision (LOGLLP) and cash and cash equivalent (LOGCCE) of deposit money banks in Nigeria (R2 = .361, P = .000 at P < 0.05). Lastly, the regression coefficients (β) of .462 and .566 respectively indicate that creative accounting has had a significant effect on the quality of financial statements of deposit money banks in Nigeria. These findings therefore imply that creative accounting has eroded the quality of financial reporting in Nigeria by providing distorted financial statements on firms’ financial performance and position which leads to misguided investments, corporate governance breakdown and corporate collapse on the quality of financial statements of deposit money banks in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that deposit money banks in Nigeria should avoid creative accounting practices as they distort the quality of financial statements and by extension the usefulness of financial information passed on to all users. More so, creative accounting practices in Nigerian banks should be legislated against and culprits held accountable.
Social Skills Training for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
1Oluwatomilola Adewunmi,1Sussan Adeusi,1Temiloluwa Arotiba 1Olusegun Adeeko,1Deborah Olarinde
This review investigated the impact of Social Skills Training (SST) on children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Social Skills Training is one of the most widely utilised interventions for addressing social skills deficiencies in children and adolescents with ASD. The study comprised a total of 12 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Four research questions were formulated to guide the investigation. The synthesis of these studies demonstrated that SST is helpful for boosting social engagement and communication, decreasing parental stress, and reducing emotional problems associated with ASD in children and adolescents. In addition, more than half of the studies found that lengthier durations of SST resulted in the maintenance of treatment gains months after the SST programme and the generalisation of social skills to other elements of life and situations. Due to the fact that the follow-up data were based on unblinded reports from parents and teachers, which are susceptible to bias, these results should be regarded with caution.
Consumption Choices and Intent to Work Under the Provision of Universal Basic Income
Khujan Singh & Pooja Kataria
The current study addressed two primary challenges associated with Universal Basic Income: the potential misuse of additional income by recipients and the possibility of decreased work participation.The study included 575 respondents from Haryana and employed statistical techniques such as the independent T-test, one-way ANOVA, and Welch test for data analysis.The study's findings suggest that people are likely to use cash payments responsibly rather than squandering them on leisure activities. Additionally, an intriguing result is that employed individuals are more inclined to exit the labour market than those who are unemployed.The policy implication is that more rigorous studies are urgently needed to understand how Universal Basic Income could address social issues like poverty and unemployment.
A Sociophonetic Study of Simulation Factors on the Spoken English of Undergraduates in Nigeria
Mercy Adenike Bankole
The teaching of spoken English in Nigeria at different levels of education has not yielded the expected communicative competence among the learners of English as a second language. This may be due to different factors such as difference in the inventories of English sounds system and learners’ mother tongue sounds system, lack of functional language laboratory, and most important, lack of model of Standard English pronunciation in Nigeria. For national and international intelligibility, approximation of Standard English pronunciation is required. Hence, Akinjobi (2015) recommends tools and sources as non-enculturation sources of contact with the native speakers of English. She emphasizes that these could help the learners of English as a second language in approximation to the Standard English pronunciation. This study, therefore, examines the influence of simulation factor on the production of English sibilants of undergraduates in Nigeria and to determine if such can help in approximation of Standard English pronunciation in Nigeria. The study adopted Bandura’s Cognitive Social Learning theory as a theoretical framework. Speech filing system (SFS) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used for the acoustic and statistical analyses. Data were purposively collected from 240 part three undergraduates from six Universities in southwest, Nigeria through structured questionnaire and a prepared word list to test sibilants of English at all word positions. The findings revealed that simulation factor enhances correct realization of some English sibilants which seems difficult and problematic for Nigerian learners of English because of their absence in the inventory of their mother tongue. The study recommends that approximation to correct pronunciation of Standard English by second language learners in Nigeria irrespective of language background seems possible through simulation factors.
" Association between Periodontics and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD)"
Dr. Ebenezer. M (MDS), Dr. Magesh Kumar (MDS), Dr. D. Kalaiselvan (MDS), Dr. Gnanasagar W R (MDS), Dr. Shobana P (MDS), Dr. Lakshmi Priyanka. S (MDS)
Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the structures that support the teeth, which may further lead to the risk of teeth loss, the assessment of periodontitis is done based on the indicators such as periodontal ligament space (PDL), bone loss radio graphically, bleeding on probing, mobility of tooth. Among the Oral Potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), verrucous leukoplakia has the highest risk of malignancy transformation. Oral Cancer is the eighteenth most commonly occurring cancer worldwide with squamous cell carcinoma being the most common. Treatment of OPMD and periodontitis primarily involves medical management such as Anti-oxidants, multi-vitamins, and photobiomodulation, if not feasible then surgical management such as cryotherapy is advised. Periodontitis has a strong association with OPMD, Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment in collaboration with periodontitis and oral medicine specialists can lead to a significant prognosis.
Unraveling the Digital Dilemma: A Contemporary Examination of Artificial Intelligence's Influence on Study Habits
Dangonay T. Manapeng, Wilson C. Fernandez Jr., Eva K. Ose
This literature review explores the multifaceted impact of artificial intelligence (AI), with a focus on ChatGPT, on the literary creativity of Filipino students and its broader implications in education. It uncovers diverse perspectives on the role of AI, highlighting both its potential benefits and associated risks. The proliferation of AI tools like ChatGPT has prompted educators to adopt measures to combat academic dishonesty, reflecting mounting concerns within academic circles. Moreover, the review delves into a conservative stance prevalent in Philippine education, which views AI as a supplementary rather than a substitute for human input, emphasizing its limitations in replicating human sensibilities. Despite AI's capacity to enhance learning experiences through personalized learning and intelligent tutoring systems, concerns arise regarding over-standardization and the potential erosion of critical thinking skills. Additionally, the review examines AI's application in creative writing, discussing its role in providing assistance and improving students' writing proficiency. The discussion section analyzes the implications of AI on learner-instructor interaction, emphasizing AI's role in providing real-time responses and personalized feedback while addressing concerns such as test-taking anxiety and reduced creativity. Overall, the abstract underscores the transformative potential of AI in education while emphasizing the importance of addressing challenges related to equity, academic integrity, and the preservation of creativity to prepare students for the demands of the modern workforce effectively.
"Tongue Prints: A Potential Tool for Gender Estimation"
Sahetya s , Tandon A, Jaiswal R , Jain A, A, Sharma A, Vaishnav S
Background and Objectives: Biometric authentication plays a crucial role in identifying and verifying individuals for security purposes. Unlike other biometric methods, tongue prints are highly individualized, making forgery difficult. The use of lingual impressions or tongue prints for biometric authentication is an emerging area of research. This study aims to evaluate common morphological features of the tongue and their variations between males and females. Additionally, the utility of alginate impression and dental cast in obtaining lingual impressions will be assessed. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in Sardar Patel Institute Of Dental and Medical Sciences, Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology Department. The study was carried out on 200 individuals (100 males and 100 females) in the age range of 20-50 years of age exclusively of Lucknow population. The subjects underwent a visual assessment, after which digital pictures of the tongue's dorsal surface were captured. The tongue was imprinted with alginate, and dental stone was used to create castings. Two observers independently examined the castings and photos to determine the surface morphology, including shape, the presence or absence of fissures, and the distribution pattern of those fissures. Results: It was found that the U shaped tongue was more prevalent among males while the V shaped tongue was more commonly prevalent among females. Among males, multiple fissures were more common while among females, single fissure was more common Over all among both males and females, vertical pattern of groove was found to be the most commonly found pattern. Conclusion: The usage of tongue prints for biometric verification is beneficial. Dentists can easily implement the study's straightforward methodology on a regular basis.
Association of Food Insecurity and Obesity among Household Families: Northern Jordan
Baha’a M. Abu Salma1*,Ali Alshrafat2, Alanoud Elmoumani3, Saif Elmoumani3, Muayyad Bani Hani4, Yousef Mograbi
Food insecurity and obesity are a public health concern. People who experience food insecurity are more likely to suffer from obesity. Economic strains and limited access to healthy food are the main risk factors for obesity amongfood-insecure people.To evaluate the association between food insecurity and obesity. Across-sectional study was conducted on (n =315) people from northern Jordan. Data was collected by structured questionnaire to determine socio-demographic data. The Food Expenditure Share and Household Food Insecurity Access Scale were used to measure food insecurity levels, while body mass index criteria were used to determine the level of obesity. multiple regression model was used to determine the magnitude and direction of the relationship between food insecurity and obesity.The results of the study found that the mean age of the participantswas50.4 ± 11.7, and 58.1% of the familieshad more than six family members with an average monthly income of 338.3 ± 183.4 JD. In addition, the participants are most likely to be obese with an average of BMI 28.7 ± 0.04, and moderately food insecure levels,according to the results of the food expenditure share and household food insecurity Access Scale categories. Moreover, there are significant positive correlations between food insecurity and obesity; each increase in the level of food insecurity which is represented byfood expenditure share and household food insecurity Access Scale, will lead to an increase in body mass index by 0.11 and 0.72 respectively.The results of the study demonstrated that people with household food insecurity are more likely to suffer from obesity,especially among low- to middle-income levels. The current study recommends that policies consider people at risk of food insecurity and obesity to provide them with comprehensive nutritional intervention, and price reduction policiesfor nutritional food.
The Practice and Relationship of Leadership Styles and Trainer' Performance: The Mediating Role of Trust in Leaders in Public Technical and Vocational Education Training Colleges of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Alebachew Lakie Desta1*,Mateb Tafere Gedifew2
This study uses survey data from Amhara region technical and vocational training colleges of trainers to investigate whether trainers’ trust in leaders mediates the relationship between leadership styles (servant, transactional, and democratic) and trainers’ performance. The researcherse mployeda quantitative approach and an explanatory design. Six hundred twenty-nine trainers; working in ten TVET colleges were obtained with a multi-stage cluster random sampling technique. A cross-sectional survey was applied in this research. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to test the hypotheses. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The validity and reliability of the measurement and structural models were confirmed. Accordingly, the computed mean values portrayed moderate implementation of leadership styles (servant, transactional, and democratic) and trainers’ performance in sample Technical and Vocational Education Training colleges of the Amhara Region. The R2 of leadership styles (servant, transactional, and democratic) showed statistically significant accounts of the variance of trainers’ performance. All leadership styles (servant, transactional, and democratic) showed a direct effect on trainers’ performance. It was also found that trust in leaders partially mediates the relationship between leadership styles (servant, transactional, and democratic) and trainers’ performance. In this regard, the findings seemed to reveal the extensive theoretical common understanding that trust is a basis for leadership effectiveness and thus improved TVET college performance. The study suggests that TVET leaders need to continue to develop their leadership skills and qualities, particularly their democratic leadership ones, as well as build trust to improve performance within their colleges.
Humanitarian Relief: The Citizenship Amendment Act for Minorities
Mohd Aqib Aslam
The enactment of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) in India had profound effects on the nation’s legal system, influencing citizenship laws and practices. The CAA’s reach includes giving some religious minorities from nearby nations—Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians—who have been persecuted for their faith a route to Indian citizenship. Legally speaking, the CAA adds precise requirements for the naturalisation of qualified persons, amending the Citizenship Act of 1955. In order for candidates to be eligible for citizenship under the Act, they must have entered India on or before December 31, 2014, which is the cutoff date.The CAA establishes a legal framework for the regularisation of the status of qualified religious minorities who have fled persecution in their native countries and sought safety in India by enacting these modifications. The CAA’s legal purview extends to government agency’s identification and confirmation of the eligibility of persons. Documentary proof of an applicant’s identity, nationality, and religious affiliation must be submitted, together with documentation attesting to their residency in India as of the deadline. Verification procedures are carried out by government organisations to verify the legitimacy of papers filed and determine whether applicants are eligible for citizenship under the CAA.Additionally, there are overlaps between the CAA and the current legal systems in India that regulate immigration and refugee protection. In order to give religious minorities from nearby nation’s legal status and protection within the Indian citizenship system, it extends these frameworks with particular measures for their naturalisation. In order to determine its constitutionality and analyse its consequences in light of a larger legal framework, the CAA may also give rise to legal challenges and judicial review.
The Quantitative Evaluation of Pull and Push Drivers of Self-Employment in Entrepreneurial Intentions: Moderating the Effect of Unemployment in Nigeria Economy
Ibrahim, Mohammed Gaddafi1; Ifegwu John Ifegwu2; Suleiman Maryam Aminu3; Ibrahim, Aminu Tangaza4 & Yusufu Ojochenemi Sunday 5
The shifting landscape shaped by globalization, technological advancements, and global recessions has rendered certain occupations obsolete, contributing to a surge in unemployment. Faced with these challenges, individuals are increasingly drawn towards entrepreneurship as an alternative when traditional job opportunities are limited. The research focuses on the Nigerian context, where self-employment is recognized as a crucial means to address unemployment crises, leading to the implementation of various support programs. The exploration of pull factors, rooted in personal desires and external opportunities, contrasts with push factors, stemming from external factors compelling individuals into entrepreneurship. The study adopts a descriptive survey research design, focusing on three hundred newly established businesses in Minna, Niger State. The findings from robust regression analyses underscore the significant impact of both pull and push factors on entrepreneurial intentions, challenging certain hypotheses and emphasizing the need for a holistic consideration of these motivational factors. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for policymakers, educators, and business support organizations, advocating for tailored entrepreneurship education programs, supportive government policies, and initiatives like networking and mentorship to create a conducive ecosystem for aspiring entrepreneurs.
Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant Activities of Leaf Extracts of Gossypium Barbadense Linn
Ogunmola Oluranti Olagoke1, 2, Larayetan Rotimi3, Sodamade Abiodun 2 , Owonikoko Abayomi Dele2, , Odoje Oluwatoyin Funke2, Oke Kingsley Oyediran, Amusat Mumini Adekunle, Majolagbe Olusola5, Taofik Adedosu1
Across the world, Gossypiumbarbadense (G. barbadense) leaf herbal remedies are extensively used to treat microbiological infections and hypertension. Standard methods were used to identify the phytochemicals present in the crude extracts. The different chemicals contained in the extracts were evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nitric oxide scavenging (NOS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) tests were used to assess the radical scavenging potentials of the crude extracts. Phenols, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, proanthocyanidins, and flavonoids were identified by phytochemical examination of the extracts. The presence of 20, 24, and 32 compounds which together account for 99.98%, 99.64%, and 99.49% of the extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) was detected by GC/MS analysis. The principal constituents found in the methanol extracts arePropanal (45.78%), methylamine (N, N-dimethyl) (24.53%), and trimethylene oxide (19.47%). Conversely, the main constituents found in the leaf extracts made of ethyl acetate arecaryophyllene (31.79%), palmitic acid (15.80%), and α-linolenic acid (15.48%). The main constituents of the hexane leaf extracts includeβ-Bisabolol (21.85%), palmitic acid (20.99%), methyl-linolenate (12.00%), and γ-Curcumene (11.10%). The methanol extract of G. barbadense exhibited percentage DPPH, ABTS, and NOS radical scavenging activities of 63.49 ± 2.62, 53.29 ± 1.16, and 55.23 ± 0.96, respectively. The equivalent values for its ethyl acetate extract were 18.05 ± 1.08, 48.97 ± 0.45, and 40.02 ± 0.23. The leaf extracts showed antioxidant qualities that could be investigated for the production of novel drugs.
Impact of Women Volleyball Project Development among Some Selected Zones of Centeral Ethiopia Region
Tesfaye Boke Oyomo
This study aims to investigate the impact of women volleyball project development among some selected zones of central Ethiopia region. The researcher applied both quantitative and qualitative approach which was based on the descriptive survey design, collecting quantitative data from women’s volleyball project athletes (n=30) with a mean age of 15-17 years through a self-reported questionnaire. The study was conducted in Kambata and Hadiya Zone of central Ethiopia region. The total population in two projects sixty (60). From those total population the researcher was select fifteen (15) female players from each project which was thirty (30) athletes were selected through simple random sampling technique and two office experts, two coaches and two (2) office managers selected through purposive sampling totally thirty six (36) subjects were the sample of the study. Data was collected through questionnaire and interviews. The result of data was show that there was gap in availability of human power particularly based on the mean value data was replied gap in availability of active women’s youth volleyball project in selected zones, Women’s volleyball project woradas not appropriately selected, lack of availability of facilities particularly well organized & constructed training centre for the project and as mean value that majority of respondent was strongly disagreed and disagreed on that of availability of well-educated team coaches available in a project and coaches not dedicated & update him, lack of awareness of the community, interest from players, lack of scientific approach and skilled training from the coach for volleyball project. And lack of availability of experienced sport experts and there was poor structure of volleyball project development that challenges women’s volleyball project development of Central Ethiopian region. From the findings of this study, the following recommendations were made for policy and practice: It is better to create awareness, minimize gap in availability of human power and organized active women’s youth volleyball project in selected zones, It is recommended that select appropriate site for project development, well-educated team coaches was advisable in a project in order to enhance or developthe programs. Project coaches should be dedicated & update him in order to develop women’s volleyball project,
A Study on Problems of Labourers in the Unorganised Sector in India
Chitti Babu Chandramalla1 & Vadakani Roja2
In India, the organised sector has more influence and control over resources, but the unorganised sector continues to be much larger and more influential in numerous significant respects.The informal economy employs more than 90% of the workers and accounts for over 50% of the national output. Social justice and equity are the main rationales for the unorganised sector's need for social security. Unorganised workers confront a number of hardships, including a lack of social security, sexual harassment at work, poor skills, high illiteracy rates, and low pay. Agriculture has the highest share of the unorganised sector, as the holdings are small and fragmented. This is followed by trade, construction, real estate, professional services, etc., and other services. The Government of India established the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS) as an advisory body on the informal sector with the objective of increasing the productivity of informal enterprises to create large-scale, long-term employment opportunities, especially in rural areas. According to the Economic Survey, 2021–22, the total workforce in the unorganised sector was approximately 43.99 crores in 2019–20.The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS) reports that unorganisedlabourers contribute 50% of the GDP. According to Economic Survey 2022-23, As of December 31, 2022, approximately 28.5 croreunorganisedlabourers had been enrolled on the eShram portal. The study drew upon secondary data pertaining to the challenges faced by labourers in the unorganised sector, various social security schemes, and legislative provisions enacted by the government specifically for unorganisedlabour.
Holistic Approaches to Understanding and Mitigating Food Poisoning in Nsukka Zone: A Sociological-Statistical Synthesis
Ekesionye, Ngozi Edith, Iweama, C.N, Abugu, L.I, Obayi, B.A, Enemuo, Ngozika K, Eze, Chinoso Michael
This research concentrates on unraveling the complexities of food poisoning in Nsukka urban. Integrating qualitative sociological analyses with robust statistical methodologies, the study illuminates the societal dynamics and patterns (factors) influencing the prevalence of food poisoning (food borne illnesses). The synergy between sociological insights and statistical findings forms a comprehensive foundation for developing preventive measures. This interdisciplinary approach contributes to a clear understanding of the issue, fostering cross-disciplinary dialogue and informing holistic solutions in the realm of food safety. The study reveals that food poisoningis wholly caused by poor handling of cooking materials and this can be prevented through training of staff on food hygiene.
Process Innovation and Performance of Manufacturing Firms in South-East Nigeria
1Chukwuma Anthony Ifeanyi; 2Charity A. Ezenwakwelu; 3Anthony Obiora Ude
This study investigated the effect of process innovation on the performance of manufacturing firms in Southeast Nigeria. The researchers adopted a cross-sectional survey research design and used the Krejcie and Morgan formula to determine a sample of 401 senior and junior staff from a population of 3,440 employees across ten manufacturing firms in the region. Primary data was collected via a structured questionnaire and analysed using partial least square – structural equation modelling at a 5% significance level. The findings revealed that product redesign had a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction and market share. Quality improvement also had a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction and market share. In conclusion, process innovation plays a crucial role in enhancing productivity, reducing costs, and delivering superior product performance by designing and streamlining manufacturing processes to meet industry needs. The study recommends that manufacturing firms analyse and optimise production processes to eliminate inefficiencies and redundancies, potentially through lean manufacturing principles. Also, the firms should focus strategically on areas with the highest potential for improvement, and promote a culture of continuous improvement.
Coping Strategies for Financial Stress and Well being among TVET Teacher's Families in Enugu State, Nigeria
Dr. Oguejiofor Victor Ikechukwu1, Attah Blessing Ijeoma2*, Dr.Ugwu Eunice Ifenyinya2, Dr.Madu Maureen Anayo3
The study is a descriptive survey research design conducted to investigate on the coping strategies for financial stress and well being among technical vocational education and training (TVET) teacher’s families in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study was conducted at Enugu State. Nigeria. The population for the study was 34 respondents purposely sampled from the 17 Local Government Areas that make up Enugu State, Nigeria. The population comprised of 17 fathers and 17 mothers from financial stress TVET teacher’s families in Enugu State. Nigeria. The instrument for data collection was structured questionnaire constructed by the researchers. The return rate of the instrument was 100%. Three experts from the Faculty of Vocational and Technical Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka validated the instruments. A pilot study was conducted and Cronbach Alpha reliability indices of the instrument yielded 0.87 using SPSS version 22.This showed that the instrument was reliable and appropriate for administration. Four research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while t-test was employed to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study found that there are serious and challenging financial stresses among TVET families in Enugu State, Nigeria and that there was no significant difference between the mean responses of fathers and mothers on the financial stress among TVET families in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study recommended among other things that the government of the day should do everything possible to tackle the financial stress that faced families in Enugu State, Nigeria by creating good economic policy and environment for the better well being of the families. In conclusion, the study showed that Nigerian families should be encouraged by the government to overcome the financial stress among families in Enugu State, Nigeria.
Human Resource Management Practices and Business Performance of SMEs: The Mediating Role of Staff Commitment and Staff Competency in Katsina State
Atiku Kabiru Mohammed, Professor Dr. Noor Hazlina Binti Ahmad
This study examines the level of implementation of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices in SME’s business performance while mediating for staff commitment and competence. A 5-point Likert scale instrument was used to collect first hand information from SMEs and Smart-PLS was used to analyzed the data. The results of the direct relationship revealed a positive and important impact of Recruitment and Selection (RS), Reward and Competence (RC), Training and Development (TD) on Business Performance (BP). The result of the direct effect of the mediating variables Staff Competence (SCP), Staff Commitment (SCT) on BP also revealed a positive and significant relationship. Equally, with exception of mediating effect of SCT on the relationship between RS and BP, all other mediating effect results have revealed a positive and significant impact on SMEs BP. Thus, the implication of the findings are as follows: (i) staff competence cannot be taken for granted when considering the role of recruitment and selection on business performance. (ii) staff competence partially mediates the link between reward and compensation and business performance of SMEs (iii) there is a partial positive mediating impact of SCP, indicating that training and development impact staff competence and staff competence impact SME business performance. Therefore, staff commitment and competences should be given attention towards improving SME’s business performance in Katsina state.
Business Education Lecturers Demographics as Predictor of Quality Assurance Variables (Professional Development and Curriculum Contents Coverage) in College of Education in North East Nigeria
Zaku Veronica Nuhu; Ugwoke C. O.; Yerima, Danladi Abrahim; Ngozi, Asotibe; Chukwu, Chibugo Happiness; Nkaegbu Chinenyenwa silver
Correlational research was designed to gather data from a representative in the state colleges of education in North-East Nigeria. North-East Nigeria comprises six states: Bauchi State, Gombe State, Taraba State, Adamawa State, Yobe State and Borno State. The population for this study is 1,357 comprising 149 Business Education lecturers and 1208 NCE III Business Education students. The Sample size was 308 respondents consisting of 49 lecturers and 259 students from the seven colleges of education studied. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher and titled: Assessment of Internal Quality Assurance Practices in Business Educationprogram Questionnaire (EIQAPBEPQ). The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by trial testing on 20 business education lecturers, and 20 NCE III business education students at College of Education Gindiri in North-Central Nigeria. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings show Rank of Lecturers has a positive correlation and predictors of quality of Professional Development Practice lecturers, Rank of Lectures and years of Experiences have a positive correlation as predictors of quality assurance in Curriculum contents Covered. Week correlation of lecturers Gender in quality of Professional Development Practice and curriculum constants coverage not a predictor of quality issuance in business education Recommendations To improve lecturers Gender should not be a criterion for promotions or employment Seminar and workshop on quality assurance in respect to Gender and curriculum constants coverage and College of education administration should strictly monitor lecturers in terms of quality assurance in curriculum constants coverage in colleges of education
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