Adoption of Student-Centered Learning in Ethiopia: Global Discourses and the Need for Contextual Integration in University Classrooms
Markos Tezera Taye
This systematic literature review explores the adoption of student-centered learning in Ethiopian university classrooms, examining how global discourses from influential international organizations such as the United Nations (UN), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the World Bank promote a shift toward active, participatory pedagogies. Drawing on a rigorous analysis of peer reviewed articles, books, and policy documents sourced from electronic databases using targeted keywords, digital object identifiers (DOIs), and search engines, the study highlights the emphasis given for student centered learning for cultivating 21st century skills like critical thinking, collaboration, innovation, and entrepreneurship to meet the demands of the knowledge economy. However, the review identifies substantial implementation challenges in Ethiopia, including resource constraints, large class sizes, faculty resistance, and cultural norms favoring teacher centered methods. It underscores the essential need for contextual integration, advocating for adaptations that align global directives with local sociocultural, economic, and institutional realities to foster effective, equitable, and sustainable student centered learning in Ethiopian higher education.
Polyherbal Hand Hygiene Solutions: Formulation Optimization and Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity
1 Jayakumari S; 2 Sudha T; 3 Mahesh M
In recent pandemic condition, the personal hygiene is considerable as vital factor more over it was recommended by WHO to protect us from life threatening Covid 19. Many companies formulated sanitizer using alcohol and other chemicals. With or without our knowledge we used them in excess to protect ourselves from dreadful condition. Most of the sanitizer were found to unwanted effect on the skin, allergic, causes environmental pollution and cost effective. So, we decided to formulate the sanitizer purely based on herbs without any chemical or artificial colour and perfumes. An attempt was made to formulate and evaluate herbal hand sanitizer and herbal hand wash based available on earlier claims of our indigenous plants. The formulations were evaluated for PH, stability test, organoleptic test and preliminary chemical test. The evaluation results were found to be within the standard limit. The presence of poly phenolic compounds, steroids, alkaloids and tannins were found by chemical test. Both the formulations were tested for antimicrobial activity with bacterial species and fungal species. The selected bacterial species are bacillus subtitles (MTCC 6133), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1687) & pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 7925) and fungal species. Hand sanitizer showed the very good suitability effect on the both fungal species and bacterial species. Hand wash shows the good sustainability effect on the bacterial species whereas the poor effect on the fungal species. Comparatively hand sanitizer shows the good antibacterial activity as well as antifungal activity against tested organism by agar well diffusion method. It shows that out of two formulations, hand sanitiser formula was found as good antimicrobial agent. The results of study was very encouraging to us.
Blueprint for Revival: A Comprehensive Strategy for the Regeneration of the Ethiopian Men's National Football Team via Systemic Innovation
1 Gashaw Awlachew Aneleyi; 2 Johan Van Heerden
The chronic decline of the Ethiopian Men's National Football Team is rooted in a systemic failure to adopt modern sports and administrative innovations, leading to a state of organizational entropy. This manuscript synthesizes the findings across six objectives to propose a Regeneration Blueprint, a comprehensive, multi-level innovation strategy. The Blueprint targets the three critical failure areas: Governance Deficit, Technical Obsolescence, and Development Paralysis. Key mandates include: enforcing scientific periodization; establishing a nationwide youth academy network; creating a unified EFF-Ministry governance structure; and implementing rigorous performance evaluation and control. This strategy is not merely a call for reform, but an actionable, systemic innovation required to rebuild the foundation for competitive excellence over the next decade.
A Complete Guide to Breast Cancer and its Management
1 Aarthi M; 2 Gokul Raj R. S; 3 Sudha T
Breast cancer remains a major global health concern, characterized by heterogeneous histopathological and molecular subtypes that influence prognosis and therapeutic response. Both modifiable factors, including lifestyle, diet, obesity, and alcohol use, and non-modifiable factors, such as genetics, hormonal influences, and family history, contribute to disease risk. Advances in diagnostic tools—mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and confirmatory biopsy—have improved early detection and accuracy. Current treatment strategies integrate surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, while non-pharmacological measures such as lifestyle modification and psychosocial support enhance outcomes. Despite progress, triple-negative breast cancer, accounting for 15–25% of cases, remains a therapeutic challenge due to its aggressive course and limited responsiveness to conventional regimens. Male breast cancer, though rare, warrants equal recognition in diagnosis and management. Preventive strategies and awareness programs, such as Pink Ribbon initiatives, further improve survival through early detection. A comprehensive understanding of breast cancer biology, diagnostics, and personalized therapy is crucial, with future directions emphasizing precision medicine, predictive biomarkers, and innovative therapies tailored to individual tumor characteristics.
Efficacy of Two Different Bio-Pesticides against Wheat Weevil, Sitophilus Granarius (L) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Getnet Atenafu
The efficacy of Schinus molle and Azadirachta indica crude extracts and powders against Sitophilus granarius and their effects on wheat seed germination were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Leaf and seed extracts were prepared using ethanol and chloroform and applied at doses of 0.5, 2.5, and 5 mg per 200 g of wheat grain, while plant powders were tested at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg per 200 g. Mortality of S. granarius was recorded at intervals up to 120 hours. Both extracts and powders exhibited dose- and time-dependent insecticidal activity. Ethanol leaf extracts of S. molle and A. indica at 5 mg achieved 100% mortality within 72–96 hours, while S. molle powders at 10 mg induced 86.7–88.3% mortality after 120 hours. Seed powders of A. indica produced up to 91.7% mortality, whereas leaf powders were moderately effective. The positive control, malathion dust (5%), caused complete mortality at 24–48 hours, confirming assay reliability. Importantly, all plant extracts showed minimal impact on wheat seed germination, with rates ranging from 90.0% to 94.5%, comparable to untreated seeds (95.7%). These findings indicate that crude extracts and powders of S. molle and A. indica are effective, eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the management of S. granarius in stored wheat, without compromising seed viability.
The Pedagogical Potential of Post-Apartheid South African Poetry in Promoting Social Justice and Equity in South African Education
1Adelokun Adetunji Oluwapelumi; 2 Dr. Edwin Onwuka; 3 Professor, Remi Akujobi
The research conducts an in-depth analysis of the potential of post-apartheid South African poetry to bring social justice to South African learning institutions. In light of the fact that the post-apartheid poetry is filled with themes of liberation, survival, and rebuilding, it is apparent that it can talk about historical social imbalances for progress toward social justice inside the classroom. The study presents how selected poems of that period, in a close reading perspective, can be effectively used within educational settings for the development of high-order discussion around social justice, identity, and inequality. The resultant findings of this study support how literature shapes the ways students think about social and political realities and help them build empathy and a sense of responsibility. This therefore becomes a qualitative study informed by literary analysis of post-apartheid poetry and interviews with educators on the extent to which such poetry is integrated into current educational processes and related development of learners' understanding of issues pertaining to social justice. The study indeed found that contact with post-apartheid poetry increases the cultural heterogeneity of education and simultaneously transforms students into acute observers of life in society. The study therefore calls for a more conscious inclusion of post-apartheid poetry into the school curricula for social justice. Situating poetry within this context as an active agent of social change, the study adds to the various discourses on education's role with respect to addressing social injustices and promoting a just society.
Driving towards Sustainability: An Integrated Bibliometric and Thematic Analysis on Electric Vehicles and Purchase Intention
1 Sonam Maurya; 2 Chinmoy Kumar Roy
Electric vehicles are constantly gaining importance as the environmental issues become the topic of major global concern. Unlike conventional means of transportation, it relies on rechargeable batteries and become sustainable alternative. EVs offer multiple benefits such as zero emission, reduced dependency on fossil fuel, low operational costs and improved energy efficiency which ultimately promote sustainability. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis by using 204 research articles published between the years 2014 to 2024. For this purpose, data were retrieved from the Scopus database and was analysed with bibliometric tools like VOS viewer and Bibliometrix in R to identify major trends, influential authors, collaborative networks, and future trajectories in the research landscape of electric vehicles and purchase intention. This study contributes to the existing literature by mapping the intellectual landscape of EV researches and highlighting underdeveloped areas and thereby offering valuable guidance to scholars and practitioners working toward the global transition to clean mobility. The findings discloses that the research in this domain is continuously increasing specially after 2020 and China`s plays a dominant role in terms of publications, authors as well as affiliation`s contribution, global citation and collaboration network to advance the academia of electric vehicle. Thematic mapping further revealed that purchase intention, electric vehicle adoption, perceived risk, perceived value, and environmental concern are the prominent areas that remain underexplored, indicating potential for future research.
Home Gardening in Ethiopia: Trends, Characteristics and Challenges - A Review
1 Tolosa Belete Biratu; 2 S. B. Padal
Home gardens refer to the cultivation of small plots of land surrounding households, intended to diversify production and contribute to social, economic, and environmental sustainability. The objective of this review is to examine the trends in home gardening practices in Ethiopia, assess their key characteristics, and identify the major challenges associated with their management. Relevant documents were selected following the PRISMA flow diagram, resulting in the inclusion of 42 articles out of 60. To assess temporal changes in home garden characteristics, trends from studies published between 2015–2019 were compared with those from 2020–2024. Spearman correlation was used to examine the relationship between garden size and floristic composition, with significance determined at the 95% confidence level (p < 0.05).When the first half of the decade is compared with the second, community engagement, floristic composition, and species diversity increased, while average home garden size decreased. Although most home garden plants are of native origin, the dominance of exotic species is becoming increasingly evident in some study sites. Ensete ventricosum was the most frequently recorded species in home gardens of Ethiopia. Food, income and medicine are found to be the major recorded use categories but with appearing trends of dominance of ornamental plants in urban areas. A moderate negative correlation (r = –0.480) was observed between floristic composition and home garden size at the study sites, although this correlation was statistically insignificant (p = 0.160). Lack of access to water, land, improved seeds, and the occurrence of diseases and pests were among the identified challenges. An increase in species richness and diversity despite declining home garden size, and the apparent dominance of exotic plant species in some urban and rural settings, underscores the need for further investigation.
Human Resource Management Practices and Employee Job Satisfaction in Local Government Administration: Evidence from Oye Local Government Area, Ekiti State, Nigeria
1 Owolabi, Julius Ilesanmi; 2 Oladele, Patrick Olajide; 3 Babatunde, Bayode Olusanya; 4 Adeoti, Bunmi Sarah; 5 Ogunsakin, Yetunde Aderonke; 6 Olarinoye, Adedamola Oluwagbeminiyi
This study used the Oye Local Government Area in Ekiti State as a case study to examine the relationship between HRM practices and employee job satisfaction in local government administration. The study was based on Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which separates hygiene factors like pay and working conditions from motivators like career advancement and recognition. The theory offered a framework for examining how HRM elements affect employee satisfaction and discontent in the public sector. A quantitative study design was used, and 150 respondents' answers to structured questionnaires were gathered. Regression analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) are examples of descriptive and inferential statistics that were used to ascertain the type and degree of the association between HRM practices and job satisfaction. Job satisfaction was found to be significantly influenced by recruitment and selection (β = 0.41), training and development (β = 0.36), communication and feedback (β = 0.38), and performance appraisal (β = 0.33). With a good explanatory power (R2 = 0.68), the model showed that 68% of the variation in employee satisfaction could be explained by HRM practices. A statistically significant association between HRM practices and job satisfaction was confirmed by the ANOVA results (F = 19.647, p < 0.05). Respondents, however, voiced worries about unfair appraisal procedures, poor training, and political meddling in hiring. The study concluded that improving local government employees' motivation, trust, and performance requires clear and efficient HRM procedures. In order to promote organizational effectiveness and employee satisfaction, it is suggested to fortify HRM structures through merit-based hiring, frequent capacity-building programs, fair compensation schemes, and open appraisal procedures.
Ramakrishna Mission and the Indian Nationalism
Jayoti Gupta; Dr Amit Kumar Tiwari
The concept of nationalism emerged in India in the 19th century, when the British paramount power established its control over the political administration in the country. The national movement was wide in nature with divergent political ideologies but with a common aim. Anderson opines that the growth of nationalism was supported by the introduction of print media and railways. The Russian revolution, the French revolution as well as the American war of independence greatly inspired the spirit of nationalism in Europe as well as in India. As a result, many socio-religious reformers and reform movements were initiated in the country in different period of time. The reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar, Swami Vivekananda, Gopal Krishna Gokhale and many more led various movements to unite and inspire the Indian mass. Swami Vivekananda the disciple of Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa after the death of his guru travelled extensively from Kanyakumari to Kashmir to spread the message of his guru i.e., treating ‘Jiva and Shiva’ means uplifting humanity with service. He landed at Chicago to attend the Parliament of Religion in the year 1893, where his speech jolted the hearts of the people present in the occasion. Returning to India he founded the Ramakrishna Math and Mission in1899 with the motto ‘‘Atmano Mokshartam, Jagad Hitaya Cha’, means for the ultimate salvation of life, for one’s own liberation of soul and serving for human welfare. The Mission undertook various programmes to propagate the spirit of nationalism among the Indian mass through various channels of knowledge. The paper highlights various activities for the rise of nationalism in India.
Impact of Tourism on Hospitality Industry Development in Akpabuyo Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria
1James, Runyi Daniel (PhD); 2 Mbu, Theresa Azin (PhD); 3 Stephanie Sedoo Bishie-Unung (PhD); 4 Imanyi Victor Ushie (PhD)
This study examined the impact of tourism on the development of the hospitality industry in Akpabuyo Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. The research was anchored on evaluating the contributions of tourism to the growth, sustainability, and service quality within the hospitality sector. Data for the study was collected through structured questionnaires administered to employees of hospitality establishments in the area. Two key objectives guided the study: examine the hospitality industry facilities and services in the study area and to assess the challenges associated with the hospitality industry development in the study area. Findings reveal that tourism significantly contributes to the economic vitality of the hospitality industry, with a range of facilities and services being provided to meet tourist demand. The study also highlights specific tourist preferences and outlines several operational challenges facing the industry. It is recommended that relevant stakeholders implement strategic interventions to address these challenges and enhance the sustainable development of the hospitality industry in the study area
Capital Inflows and Economic Growth in Nigeria
1 Atuma Emeka; 2 Mitchell Nkazana Mhlanga; 3 Ogbu Ijeoma Victoria; 4 Nnabu Bernard Eze; 5 Nkwagu Chibuike Christian; 6 Chukwuajah Matthew Chidiebere; 7 Kenneth Ifeanyi Chima
This study examined the impact of capital inflows on economic growth in Nigeria. Capital inflow stimulates economic growth and development of an economy. It contributes in technology transfer, employment generation and diversification of the industrial base of an economy. However, low level of investment, inadequate capital formation, low technological innovations, social and political instability have mitigated the growth rate of Nigeria’s economy. The study therefore, examined the impact of foreign direct investment, foreign remittance and portfolio investment on economic growth in Nigeria within the period of 1981-2022. The econometric technique adopted to achieve the objectives were unit root, co-integration and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), in which foreign direct investment (FDI), Portfolio Investment (PFV), Foreign Remittances (FRM) and Exchange rate (EXR) were regressed on gross domestic product (GDP) using annual time series data from CBN statistical bulletin. The result of unit root test revealed that all variables were stationary at first difference and long run relationship among the variables was also found. The results of the VECM model indicated that foreign direct investment, Foreign Remittances and portfolio investment had positive and significant impact on gross domestic product in the long run while exchange rate had negative and significant impact on gross domestic product. Based on the findings above, the researcher recommends that there is need for security at all levels in the country to be overhauled in order to boost foreign investors’ confidence; as instability in any nation scares away prospective investors.
A Case Report: Management of Mesenteric Lymphadenopathy and its Associated Chronic Low Back Pain through Individualized Homoeopathic Medicine
Dr. Deepti Sharma1, Dr. Poonam Singh2
Mesenteric lymphadenopathy is an inflammatory condition affecting the lymph nodes whose presentation is classically mistaken for acute appendicitis and intussusception. It most commonly occurs in children, adolescents, and young adults. This case report details the homoeopathic management of an 8-year-old girl presenting with Mesenteric Lymphadenopathy and an associated complaint of chronic low back pain. A complete case history was taken, and on the basis of repertorisation and individualization, the remedy Lachesis in 200 potency was given, which successfully addressed both conditions.
Contemporary Leadership and the New Workforce: A Quantitative Analysis of Job Satisfaction and Motivation among Gen Z Employees in Sri Lanka's IT Industry
1 Sasankaa Gunathilake; 2 Dr Amiya Bhaumik; 3 Dr. Mahesh Jayasinghe; 4 Dr. Mahen Muttiah
The rapid growth of Sri Lanka’s Information Technology (IT) industry has created a diverse and dynamic workforce increasingly driven by Generation Z employees, whose expectations and values differ significantly from previous generations. Understanding how leadership styles influence their workplace attitudes is therefore essential for sustaining motivation and satisfaction in this fast-evolving sector. This study examines the impact of four contemporary leadership styles Servant, Agile, Authentic, and Collaborative on job satisfaction and motivation among Gen Z professionals in Sri Lanka’s IT industry. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 276 respondents through an online survey and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including regression analysis. The results indicate that all four leadership styles significantly affect both job satisfaction and motivation, with Servant Leadership emerging as the strongest predictor of job satisfaction and Authentic Leadership exerting the greatest influence on motivation. Although Collaborative Leadership showed a weaker relationship with job satisfaction, it still demonstrated a positive effect on motivation. The study also found that Gen Z employees highly value leadership traits such as flexibility, adaptability, decision-making responsibility, self-awareness, and problem-solving. These findings highlight the importance of cultivating leadership approaches that align with the expectations of the younger workforce, encouraging organizations to promote flexible, ethical, and participative leadership to enhance engagement, performance, and retention within the IT industry.
Evaluating the Impact of Government Budgetary Allocations on Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Outcomes in Nigeria: A Decadal Analysis
Emeka Joseph; Ademola-Ajibade A.M; Thompson-Adewole,V. U; Oluwadamilola Ajuwon; Abubakar Kazeem; R.C Wakawa
This study evaluates the impact of government budgetary allocations on Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) outcomes in Nigeria over the past decade. It examines the trends in government funding for STI, assesses measurable outcomes of these investments, and explores the correlation between budget allocations and STI performance. The study employs a trend/diagnostic approach, utilizing data from the National Centre for Technology Management (NACETEM) dashboard, World Bank, OECD, and UNIDO. The analysis reveals significant fluctuations in budget allocations across various sectors, indicating changing priorities and external influences. Key findings suggest that while certain sectors like telecommunications and fintech have seen advancements, overall STI performance remains modest. The study highlights the need for more consistent and strategic investment in STI to enhance Nigeria’s global innovation ranking and economic growth. Recommendations include increased and sustained funding for critical sectors, improved monitoring and evaluation frameworks, and fostering private sector participation and international collaborations.
Harmonising Mauritius' Education Policies with Global Standards towards Achieving SDG 4 and UNSCO 2030 Agenda
1 Kavita Mootoosamy; 2 Divya Midhun chakkaravarthy; 3 Rasak Bamidele
The study examined how to align Mauritius' educational policies with international norms to fulfil the UNESCO 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4). The study examined how international education frameworks are modified in the Mauritius context to support inclusivity, equity, and high-quality learning, guided by the Human Capital Theory and the Policy Transfer and Diffusion Theory. The study employed a mixed-method research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and survey data from 150 respondents, including experts, educators, and policymakers, who were carefully and stratified selected. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and correlation were used to analyse quantitative data, and thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The results showed that national education policy alignment, policy implementation mechanisms, and SDG 4 achievement had a strong positive correlation (R = 0.782). With an R2 value of 0.611, this means that these factors account for 61.1% of the variance in SDG 4 attainment. The results of SDG 4 were found to be significantly correlated with implementation mechanisms (β = 0.44, p < 0.01), policy alignment (β = 0.67, p < 0.001), and structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings demonstrate how well-thought-out policies, efficient execution, and stakeholder involvement significantly improve educational quality and inclusivity. The study came to the conclusion that Mauritius' attempts to align its policies show significant advancements towards the objectives of global education. To build on progress in accomplishing SDG 4 and UNESCO's 2030 vision, it suggests bolstering institutional capacity, guaranteeing consistent funding, and encouraging flexible policy frameworks.
Agile Budgeting and Corporate Resilience: Evidence from Strategic Budgetary Innovation among Nigerian Listed Companies
1 James Dokai; 2 Ben-Caleb Egbide; 3 Joseph Madugba
This study investigates the relationship between agile budgeting and corporate resilience, with emphasis on strategic budgetary innovation among Nigerian listed companies. In an environment marked by economic volatility, regulatory uncertainty, and stakeholder pressures, firms often face challenges in embedding resilience into financial and operational systems. Weaknesses in budgeting processes and inefficient allocation of resources have constrained the ability of Nigerian firms to sustain long-term performance and adapt to disruptions. Drawing on survey data from 334 respondents across 109 listed companies and analysed using structural equation modelling (Smart PLS), the findings show that agile budgeting exerts a positive and significant effect on corporate resilience (β = 0.151, p = 0.012), while resource allocation efficiency demonstrates the strongest influence (β = 0.375, p < 0.000). Further, the combined effect reveals that agile budgeting enhances resilience indirectly by strengthening resource allocation systems, indicating a mediated relationship. The study concludes that strategic budgetary innovation, through the integration of flexibility and efficient resource deployment, is a critical enabler of resilience in Nigerian firms. It is recommended that managers institutionalize agile budgeting practices, strengthen resource allocation mechanisms to support both core and CSR initiatives, and align budgeting systems with adaptive strategies to balance financial performance with long-term sustainability.
Impact of Employee Motivation on Organisational Productivity in the Public Sector: A Study of Oye Local Government Area, Ekiti State
1 Ogunsakin, Yetunde Aderonke; 2 Yakibi, Ayodele Afolabi; 3 Babatunde, Bayode Olusanya; 4 Adeoti, Bunmi Sarah; 5 Olarinoye, Adedamola Oluwagbeminiyi; 6 Owolabi, Julius Ilesanmi
This study specifically focused on the Oye Local Government Area in Ekiti State to examine how employee motivation affects organizational productivity in the public sector.Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of Motivation served as the foundation for the study. It makes a distinction between extrinsic hygiene factors that avert dissatisfaction and intrinsic motivators that improve job satisfaction. A descriptive survey design was used for the study, and structured questionnaires were used to gather data from 150 employees. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and other descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The descriptive results showed that the following factors significantly influenced motivation and productivity: job security (86.7%), training and career advancement (86.7%), recognition and rewards (86.7%), and financial incentives (76.7%). Employee motivation and organisational productivity were found to be strongly positively correlated by the SEM results (β = 0.68, CR = 6.12, p < 0.001). The most significant motivating antecedents were found to be financial incentives (β = 0.32, p < 0.001) and training and career advancement (β = 0.28, p < 0.001). The robustness of the relationships was validated by the model's good fit indices (CFI = 0.962; TLI = 0.951; RMSEA = 0.048). According to the study's findings, motivation plays a crucial mediating role in the relationship between institutional practices and productivity outcomes in the administration of local governments. It is recommended that public sector organisations implement all-encompassing motivation strategies that incorporate intrinsic motivators like professional growth, recognition, and participatory management with monetary incentives. These results highlight the significance of incorporating human-centered motivation policies to attain long-term increases in public sector productivity in Nigeria.
Infrastructure Deficits: Implications for the Performance and Expansion of Small and Medium Enterprises (Smes) in Irepodun Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria
1 Adeoti, Bunmi Sarah, 2 Yakibi, Ayodele Afolabi, 3 Aribaba, Foluso Olugbenga, 4 Owolabi, Julius Ilesanmi, 5 Ogunsaakin, Yetunde Aderonke, 6 Olarinoye, Adedamola Oluwagbeminiyi
Infrastructure is an essential building block for business development and economic expansion. However, the performance and growth of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in Nigeria have been hampered by ongoing deficiencies in the country's water supply, road networks, electricity, and telecommunications. This study looked at how SME growth and performance were affected by infrastructure deficiencies in Kwara State's Irepodun Local Government Area. The study, which drew on institutional theory and endogenous growth theory, proposed that in order to support inclusive economic advancement and sustainable SME growth, institutional reforms must be implemented in addition to infrastructure development. To produce thorough insights, a mixed-method design that combined quantitative and qualitative techniques was used. Data was gathered from 210 SMEs in the manufacturing, service, and trade sectors that were chosen by stratified random sampling. Regression analysis, ANOVA, and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to analyse the quantitative data, and business owner interviews were used to obtain the qualitative data. SME performance and infrastructure quality were found to be significantly positively correlated (R = 0.742, R² = 0.551, p < 0.05), suggesting that infrastructure deficiencies account for roughly 55.1% of the variation in SME growth.Road networks (β = 0.59) and electricity supply (β = 0.68) were found to be the most important predictors of performance, followed by waste management, water supply, and telecommunications services. A good model fit was confirmed by the SEM indices (χ²/df = 2.11; CFI = 0.957; RMSEA = 0.051). According to the study's findings, SME productivity, competitiveness, and sustainability are severely hampered by inadequate infrastructure. To support SME expansion and regional economic development, it suggested focused infrastructure investments, a steady energy supply, better road upkeep, and more robust institutional frameworks.
Challenges and Prospects of Women Entrepreneurship Development in Oye Local Government Area, Ekiti State
1Olarinoye, Adedamola Oluwagbeminiyi; 2Aribaba, Foluso Olugbenga; 3Babatunde Bayode Olusanya; 4Adeoti, Bunmi Sarah; 5Owolabi, Julius Ilesanmi; 6Ogunsakin, Yetunde Aderonke
The study examined the challenges and prospects of women’s entrepreneurship development in Ekiti State, Nigeria, with a specific focus on the Oye Local Government Area. The study, which was based on the Institutional Theory, investigated how formal and informal institutional factors influence women's growth and participation in entrepreneurship. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative insights from in-depth interviews with quantitative data from structured questionnaires. Regression analysis, structural equation modelling (SEM), and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. The findings showed that while socio-cultural norms (β = −0.28, p = 0.002), limited access to credit (β = −0.42, p < 0.001), and inadequate infrastructure (β = −0.36, p < 0.001) hurt entrepreneurial growth, government support (β = 0.30, p = 0.001) and entrepreneurial training (β = 0.34, p < 0.001) have a positive impact on business performance. These factors together account for 55.1% of the variance in women's entrepreneurship growth, according to the regression model (R = 0.742, R² = 0.551, F = 18.734, p < 0.05). Model adequacy was confirmed by the SEM fit indices (CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.038). The study concludes that while training and policy support improve business sustainability, institutional, infrastructural, and cultural barriers severely restrict women's ability to advance as entrepreneurs. In order to support women's economic empowerment and the development of sustainable businesses in the study area, it suggests the creation of gender-responsive credit programs, enhanced infrastructure, frequent entrepreneurial training, and the adoption of inclusive policies.
Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Agility at the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC)
1 Madu Blessing Chinomso; 2 Waleed Muallimi (PhD); 3 Dhakir Abbas Ali; 4 Rasak Bamidele
This study examined the effects of transformational leadership on organisational agility and employee performance at the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), a regulatory agency that works in a fast-paced, technologically sophisticated environment. The study was informed by Bass's Transformational Leadership Theory, which emphasises idealised influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualised consideration, and by the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Frameworks, which highlight the strategic significance of leadership in preserving competitive advantage. Using standardized questionnaires and a cross-sectional survey, quantitative methodology was employed to collect data from employees across multiple departments. Analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Simple random sampling and a deductive approach were applied. The findings demonstrated a strong positive correlation between transformational leadership and both organisational agility (r = 0.67) and employee performance (r = 0.72). Regression analysis results showed that transformational leadership was a significant predictor of organisational agility (β = 0.58, R² = 0.45) and employee performance (β = 0.62, R² = 0.52). The study concluded that transformative leadership is crucial to enhancing employee outcomes and the NCC's adaptability. The report recommended that transformative, competency-based leadership development programs be implemented alongside strategic initiatives like decentralization, inclusive decision-making, and intergenerational mentoring to preserve flexibility and improve regulatory efficacy in Nigeria's telecom sector.
Technology Adoption and Employee Performance in National Population Commission of Nigeria
Uke Hope Chibuagbo; Emmanuel Kalu Agbaeze; Okoejegbu Beernard
This study examined the impact of technology adoption on employee performance at the National Population Commission (NPC) in South East Nigeria. Specifically, it analyzed the effects of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, behavioral intention to use technology, facilitating conditions, and social influence on various dimensions of performance, including contextual, productive, adaptive, and task performance, as well as creativity and innovation. A probability sampling technique was adopted to select respondents, and regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings revealed that perceived usefulness and behavioral intention to use technology had no significant effect on counterproductive and adaptive performance, respectively. Conversely, facilitating conditions had a significant positive effect on task performance, while social influence did not significantly influence creativity and innovation. The study concludes that technology adoption is a critical determinant of employee performance and recommends that management of the NPC should strengthen enabling conditions and technological support to optimize workforce productivity.
Effect of Field-Independent and Field-Dependent Cognitive Styles and Gender on Students' Academic Achievement in Basic Technology in the Basic Secondary School Level in Lagos State, Nigeria
1 Ogunbote Shefiu; 2 Dawodu Rasheed Adegbenro; 3 Bilau Abdulquadri Ade; 4 Adegunle, Felix.Omotayo
The study investigates the effect of Field-Independent and Field-Dependent Cognitive Styles and gender on Students' Academic Achievement in Basic Technology in the Basic Secondary School Level in Lagos State, Nigeria. Out of 353 public schools across 20 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Lagos State with population of 374,717, Nigeria. A quasi experimental design was used for the study. Using multistage random sampling techniques involving stratification and purposive random sampling. Four hundred and sixty-eight (468) Basic 8 (JSS 11) students which comprised 213 males and 255 females in the three selected schools participated in the study. Three classes were selected Basic 8A ,8B and 8C in each school. Two research questions were posed and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The instrument used for data collection was the Cognitive Style Test (CST).The CST was validated by Siegel (1967) which was modified ,validated and used by Onyejiaku (1982). The reliability of the Cognitive Stle Test using Pearson Product moment correlation coefficient techniques was 0.98. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, while ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that Field Independence (FI) students significantly outperformed their Field Independence (FD) peers in Basic Technology, Also, cognitive style is gender sensitive. The students’ academic achievement employing cognitive style method in basic technology was in favour of the males. In the whole, there a significant effect of cognitive style and gender on students’ academic achievement in Basic Technology. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that there is need for teachers to recognize and respond to individual learning styles especially in supporting FD learners through structured feedback and differentiated instruction. It also encourages curriculum developers to design more inclusive strategies that foster independence and engagement across learning styles. By moving beyond gender stereotypes and focusing on cognitive diversity, educators can unlock greater potential in every student. It was also recommended adopting mixed instructional strategies and strengthening teacher training to meet diverse cognitive needs.
Cadaveric Study of Ureteral Duplication: Developmental Perspective and Clinical Implications
1 Dr. Madiki Sudhakara Rao 2 Mrs V. Vinila
Background: Normally, there is one ureter for each kidney, which conveys urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder. Duplication of the ureter occurs as a congenital variation due to abnormal division of the ureteric bud. It can be complete or incomplete. Though many cases are asymptomatic, this variation can be associated with urinary tract infection, reflux, hydronephrosis, or ureteroceles. Cadaveric study helps describe such patterns and supports their embryological basis as well as clinical significance. Methods: Thirty adult cadavers were studied in the Department of Anatomy at the Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, from May 2024 to October 2025. Exclusion criteria included cadavers with trauma or previous renal or ureteric surgery. The posterior abdominal wall was dissected through standard steps according to Cunningham's Manual. The kidneys and ureters from both sides were examined. All variations were recorded and photographed, and were classified according to variation type, laterality, and sex distribution. Results: Sixty kidneys and sixty ureters were evaluated. Fifty-six kidneys were normal and four showed lobulated kidneys. Three were unilateral and one was bilateral. Among ureters, fifty-seven were normal and three exhibited double or bifid ureters. All these were unilateral. The incidence of duplication of the ureter in this material was five percent. Conclusion: Ureteral duplication is rare but important clinically. Most cases are unilateral and incomplete. Cases of persistent fetal lobulations of the kidney might be encountered as well. Knowledge of such variations is beneficial in image interpretation, intervention, and surgical planning. The small sample size and limited demographic range restrict generalization. Functional correlation was not possible since the work was limited to cadaveric material.
Perception, Adoption & Pattern of Usage of Fintech Services by Bank Customer in Kumbakonam
1 Dr. K. A. Shreenivasan ; 2 Dr. P. Vaijayanthi & 3 Dr. R. L. Vinodhini
Banking and financial services have expanded their scope because of the technological advancements. India attained an 87%FinTech adoption rate, compared to the worldwide average of 64%, owing primarily to FinTech businesses striving to provide access to financial services even in the most remote places. Recognizing FinTech's potential to contribute to financial service inclusion and stability, governments have taken the necessary steps to digitally convert and promote FinTech ventures. Financial institutions are also collaborating with FinTech startups to better satisfy customer needs. The purpose of this paper is to look into the relationship between distinct demographic profiles, FinTech acceptance, perception, user patterns, and limitations that bank customers encounter when using FinTech services. The findings of the study of 200 respondents reveal a substantial relationship between the use of FinTech services and various demographic features. Millennials and generation Z are more likely to be aware of and use these services than other age groups. While FinTech companies have grown in popularity in the payment arena, respondents report that misperception is a significant barrier to the growth of technology-based services.
The Buddha's Vision of Social Reform: Foundations of Equality and Compassion
1 Le Thi Kim Lien & 1 P. D. Satya Pal Kumar
The Buddha's teachings articulate a transformative vision of social reform grounded in equality and compassion, challenging the entrenched hierarchies of caste, gender, and class in early Indian society. This study explores how the Buddha redefined human worth by asserting that spiritual liberation (Nibb?na) is attainable by all individuals irrespective of birth or social status. Using a qualitative and doctrinal approach, primary canonical sources such as the D?gha Nik?ya, A?guttara Nik?ya, Majjhima Nik?ya, Vinaya Pi?aka, and Ther?g?th? were analyzed to examine the philosophical and practical dimensions of equality in Buddhist thought. The findings reveal that the Buddha categorically rejected caste-based discrimination, affirmed women’s spiritual potential, and emphasized ethical conduct (s?la), wisdom (paññ?), and compassion (karu??) as essential tools for social cohesion and moral development. Sixteen thematic areas, ranging from biological equality and empowerment to nonviolence and spiritual cultivation, collectively demonstrate that the Dhamma provides a holistic framework for dismantling discrimination and fostering human unity. Ultimately, the Buddha's vision extends beyond sociopolitical reform to establish a moral and spiritual order grounded in interdependence, justice, and universal compassion, offering enduring relevance for creating an equitable and harmonious society.
Local Sports of Coastal Mangalore and their Impact on the Development of Tourism in Mangalore
1 Manjukeerthi S & 2 Dr. Venkatesh Amin
Purpose: Tourism is a multidimensional activity encompassing culture, heritage, sports, and community participation. This research explores how traditional local sports of coastal Mangaloresuch as Kambala (buffalo racing), Korikatta (cockfighting), TulunaduKusthi (wrestling), Boat races, and Lagori, etc. contribute to the tourism economy and cultural identity of the region [1]. These sports, deeply embedded in the agrarian and maritime heritage of Tulunadu, act as unique cultural assets that attract both domestic and international visitors. Using a mixed-methods approach combining field surveys, secondary literature, and tourism data analysis, this study identifies the economic, cultural, and branding potential of local sports in sustainable tourism development [2]. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative methodologies to holistically address the study's objectives. The approach involves the following key components: (a) Literature Review, (b) Site Analysis, (c) Stakeholder Engagement, (d) Cultural and Historical Analysis, (e) Case Study Approach, (f) SWOT Analysis, (g) ABCD Analysis and (h) Proposed framework for intervention. Findings / results: Findings reveal that integrating these heritage sports into tourism circuits enhances employment, pride, and identity. The paper concludes by recommending strategic policy integration, digital branding, and sustainable management frameworks for promoting Mangalore as a coastal-sports destination. Originality: This paper provides an original contribution by linking heritage-based rural sports to the tourism economy in the context of coastal Mangalore, a subject with limited prior academic investigation. Unlike existing studies that discuss tourism in Dakshina Kannada in general, this research highlights sports as cultural-economic resources within the framework of sustainable tourism and local development. It integrates policy, socio-cultural, and environmental perspectives, offering practical recommendations for state tourism planners and community organizations. Paper type:(a) Case Study Research Paper, (b) Applied Research Paper, (c)Thematic Research Paper on Heritage and Sustainability and (6) Exploratory Research Paper.
Labour Code 2020- The Inaccessible Reformation for the Gig Workers
1 Dr. P. Vaijayanthi & 2 Dr. Vinodhini R.L
An ILO report claims the Gig economy to account for 15%of the global workforce by 2025.The dearth in the protection for gig workers is not only a concern for the workers themselves, but also for the economy as a whole. In an effort to incorporate the principle of universalisation of social security of the Gig workers the Union labour ministry brought the Gig workers into the domain of the labour laws for the first time,via the2020 Labour Codes. The immediate issues that need reassessment: Firstly, Gig work finds reference only in the Code for Social Security (section 2(35)), excluding gig workers from benefitting the protections offered by the other codes. Second, The New Codes have raised elemental questions pertaining to the clarity of the fundamental classification of these temporary workers. The Code on Social Security 2020 labels “a person who participates in a work arrangement and earns from such activities outside of a traditional employer–employee relationship” as a gig worker. Similarly Section 2(61) designates a platform worker ‘‘as someone engaged in or undertaking platform work”. While all platform workers were likely to be gig workers, all gig workers may not necessarily be platform workers. The labour codes have also failed to distinguish the employment contract from the employee-independent contractor thus furthering the gaping problem in the classification. This evident overlap in these definitions may result in lack of intelligibility on the applicability of the appropriate social security schemes to these different categories of workers. To harness the Government’s efforts in protecting the rights of gig workers, and harnessing the potential of the Gig economy, evaluating whether these codes protect the legal status of gig workers becomes ineluctable. This article envisages to investigate the earlier literature regarding the definition and classification of the gig workers, the nature of their engagement, the laws elsewhere, and the challenges in dealing with them in the developed nations as well.
Building Africa's Future: Industrial and Human Capacity as Pillars of Sustainable Development
1 Okeowo, Idowu Adeniyi (PhD); 2 Japinye, Oluwaseun, Abayomi
The study analyses industrial output and human capacity as major pillars of sustainable development in building Africa’s future and creating the Africa that we want, according to the AU 2063 agenda. Having established that the variables in the model are cointegrating using the Hensencointegrating tests, the study used the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) in its methodology. The results show a negative but significant relationship between industrial output and GDP, depicting a structural weakness in the African industrial sector. Africa Human Development Index (AHDI) is positive and significant, indicating that leveraging African human resources can contribute to African economic growth over time. The study also showed that Africa Foreign Direct Investment (AFDI) has a strong, positive, and significant effect on economic growth. This signifies its role as a major driver of Africa's industrial and economic growth. It was recommended that Africa should strengthen its industrial policy to build a resilient African future. Indigenisation, nationalisation, export promotion, and import substitution policies can be a viable African industrial policy strength. Macroeconomic policy that enhance AFDI and human capital in Africa should be initiated and adopted to build the Africa of our dream.
The Influence of Leadership Ostracism Behaviour Dimensions on Employee Moral Disengagement in the Public Sectors of East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Yohannis Gebremariam Hailie; Professor M. Uma Devi
This research examines the impact of leader behavior dimensions (Exclusion (EX), Ignoring (IG), Undermining (UN), Differential Treatment (DT), and Neglect (NG)) on employees' moral disengagement in organizational settings. We used SPSS version 26 to look at the data we got from 397 people. We used multiple regression analyses to look at how these leader behaviors directly affected moral disengagement. The findings demonstrated that Ignoring (β = .374) emerged as the most significant predictor of moral disengagement, succeeded by Neglect (β = .265), Undermining (β = .230), and Differential Treatment (β = .183). Exclusion, however, did not significantly forecast moral disengagement. These results indicate that nuanced and relationally dismissive leadership behaviors have a more significant influence on employees' moral disengagement than explicit exclusionary actions. The findings enhance Bandura’s (1999, 2016) social-cognitive theory of moral disengagement by highlighting the essential influence of leader interpersonal behaviors on moral reasoning in organizational contexts.
Incidence, Aetiology and Preventive Mechanisms of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Military Basic Trainees: In Reference to Amhara Public Police and Special Force Training Camps
1 Ephrem Tamrat; 2 Rowena Naidoo
The primary purpose of this study was to assess the incidence and aetiology of musculoskeletal disorders in military trainees of the Amhara Public Police and special force training camps. This cross-sectional study identified the injury incidence rate, severity, diagnosis, and anatomical location of the injuries that occurred during military training in a full season of 24 weeks recorded retrospectively during 2022–2023. A total of 646 police recruits from a Police College and a training center participated in the study. The overall injury incidence was 0.51 injuries per 1000 training hours, with 0.55 injuries per 1000 training hours for males and 0.47 injuries per 1000 training hours for females. During the season, 334 (88.83%) were acute injuries, and 42 (11.17%) were overuse syndromes. In the present study, the most common injury was the ankle (120 cases, 31.9%), followed by the knee (106 cases, 27.66%), elbow (60 cases, 15.96%), and wrist (24 cases, 6.4%). Regarding the factors of injury, 30.85% (116 cases) were due to running on farms, 27.66% (104 cases) were caused by passing through a dangerous zone, 23.4% (88 cases) were caused by ladder climbing, 13.3% (50 cases) were caused by mountain climbing, and the remaining 4.79% (18 cases) were due to self-defense training. Regarding the types of injuries, the majority of 131 cases (20.28%) were dislocations, 60 cases (9.29%) were sprains, 51 injuries (7.89%) were lacerations, 26 cases (4.02%) were fracture-traumatic, 25 cases (3.87%) were contusions, and the rest (83 cases, 12.85%) were other different types of injuries.
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