The effect of commercialization on rural households food security in West Ethiopia: The case of West Wollega zone
Dr. Neeraj Bali
This research attempts to investigate the effect of commercialization on rural households’ food security in west wollega in general, and Gimbi and Harukebeles in particular. The study was mainly based on the cross-sectional data collected from 138 sample respondents which were randomly selected from four rural kebeles such as BikiltuTokuma, Genet Abo,InangoDambali, and Kaki Adarethat were stratified based on their distribution. For the data analysis, both descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were used to meet the stated objectives. From descriptive results, crop output market participation is estimated to be about 50.403543 with a minimum distance of 0.00 and maximum of 0.935537 respectively. Hence, the discrete density of this data shows a left-censoring. Accordingly, a tobit regression model was used to identify and analyze factors that determine the crop output market participation of the selected households especially in relation to crop commercialization. As a result, variables such as value of purchased crop input used, total quantity of output k produced by household i, and the average home distance from all weathered road, the farm land size, access to market, access to development agent and other predictors are found to be the significant predictors of the households crop output market participation in the Woreda. Hence, much emphasis better to be given to work out the difficulties of the households’ road accessibility, an access to contact to frequently an agricultural development agent in order to promote their market participation.
The Prevalence of Good governance in Urban Land Administration System of Assosa Town, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Abebe Zeleke Senbeta & Muleta Brhanu
The study assessed the prevalence of good governance in urban land administration system of Assosa town. Descriptive research design was used. Mixed approach of research was employed. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used. A simple random sampling technique was used. The study comprised 407 total house hold respondents of Assosa town. A descriptive method was employed to analyze data collected through structured questionnaire. Five governance indicators were used to assess the prevalence of good governance in urban land administration system of Assosa town, and none of them found to be inspiring. Thus, it is recommended Assosa city administration should ensure transparency, accountability, equity, and efficiency and effectiveness, as well as promote public participation in its urban land administration system of Assosa town.
Economic Impact of Poultry Disease on Village Chicken production in Ethiopia
Simachew Dubale
Village chickens contribute more than 98% of the total meat and egg productions in Ethiopia. Poultry diseases are considered to be the most important factor responsible for reducing both the number and productivity of chickens and the farmers face huge economic losses throughout the year. The main objective of this study was to assess the economic impact of poultry disease, and its impact on household income, and dietary diversity. The study relied on both primary and secondary data sources of information. The primary data was collected from 152 samples both affected and none affected households. In this study, descriptive statistics, costs and returns analysis, and econometric models were used to analyze the data from households. From the total number of sample households 53.3 percent affected by poultry disease. Only 38% and 23.46% of households affected farm households had access to government veterinary health centers for the treatment of sick poultry to curb the fatal disease for none affected and affected households respectively. The total, cost was estimated at Ethiopian Birr 122836.5 and 105612.5, respectively, for affected and non-affected farm household, and the total return was estimated at 8606.25 and 47880 Ethiopian Birr, respectively for affected and non-affected farm households. The study found that due to poultry disease outbreak an average economic loss was determined 3433.3 Ethiopian Birr for each household. On average, the country incurred an economic loss of 1.58 Billion Ethiopian Birr (US$ 37.656 million) per annum. The household’s dietary diversity, showing the score for affected 7.03 and non-affected 9.56 meaning that the affected farm households had consumed less amount than the non-affected farm families. The multiple regression model output shows that age of households, family size, knowledge of poultry disease, training on poultry disease, and access to vaccination significantly affected the income of the household. Thus, control of diseases should be achieved through vaccination and improvement in veterinary and advisory services.
Innovation and firm sustainable advantage: a study of the telecommunication industry in Nigeria
Solomon Adejare Babarinde
The relationship between innovation and firm’s sustainable advantage in Nigerian Telecommunications Sector is investigated in this study. The study’s aim was to assess the contribution of specific service offerings on firm’s sustainable advantage in the Nigerian Telecommunication Industry. The system of descriptive survey was used. The primary data source was self-administered from 286 respondents who were staff of four randomly selected GSM firms (MTN, GLO, AIRTEL and 9MOBILE) in Lagos State, Nigeria. At a significant level of 0.05, the hypothesis was tested using linear regression. The results of the analyzed data indicate that telecommunication firms’ specific service-offer led to the telecommunication industry’s sustained growth in Nigeria. By this finding, the study concludes that there is a substantial relationship between innovation and firm’s sustainable advantage in the Nigeria’s telecommunication sector. To enjoy increasing market share, it is important that telecom firms build new product-designs. It was further recommended that Nigerian telecom firms should dissociate themselves from product counterfeit and should steer towards developing product offers that are highly innovative in the industry
Management of Contracts for Durable Concrete Structures
Dr.A.Paulmakesh a Gizachew Markos Makebo b
Concrete meets the needs of sustainability in terms of economic, environmental, and social considerations. The material itself provides a wide range of benefits, including acoustics, vibration, fire, thermal mass, durability, security, sustainability, air tightness, and flood resistance. For many years, the vast majority of concrete structures around the world have performed satisfactorily, but progress has not been without its challenges. Quality control has deteriorated over time due to the use of poor quality ingredients, uncontrolled use of water in terms of both quality and quantity, poor quality shuttering, poor or no compaction, and inadequate curing. There is also a decline in the level of standard skill among the Artisans as well as those who supervise and accept the works. While older structures can serve adequately, newer constructions are showing signs of distress within a couple of years of completion. It is past time to pay closer attention to the fundamental issues. At the moment, attention is primarily focused on environmental attack, which is significantly reducing the lives of many concrete structures around the world, in many cases due to reinforcement steel corrosion. Deterioration of recent concrete structures has been observed at relatively faster rates, and has been attributed primarily to cracking.
Rural teachers perceptions on challenges and solutions of inclusive education in Zimbabwe rural primary schools
Munyaradzi Chidarikire (PhD)
This article interrogated the phenomenon of rural teachers’ perceptions towards challenges and solutions of inclusive education in Zimbabwe rural primary schools. Ubuntuism/ Unhuism theoretical lens was used to interrogate rural teachers’ perceptions on challenges and solutions of inclusive education in rural primary schools. Furthermore, this is a qualitative study located in the broader space of transformative paradigm. We used Participatory Action Research to generate data from the participants. A purposive sample comprising ten primary school teachers from Gutu rural district in Zimbabwe were selected for this study. Data were generated through focus group discussions as participants responded to two questions: what are the challenges facing inclusive education in Zimbabwean rural primary schools? and how can inclusive education be enhanced in rural primary schools? Then generated data was divided into two themes and analysed through Critical Discourse Analysis’s three levels namely: textual, discursive and social practice. This paper found that lack of resources such as lack of qualified inclusive education teachers militate against success of inclusive education in rural primary schools. Consequently, this article recommended that, the Ministry of Primary and Secondary schools should deploy competent and qualified inclusive education teachers in rural schools
Violence and Insecurity along Contentious Boundary Areas between Oromia and Benishangul-Gumuz Regional States: Police Reform Options under Federal Constitution of Ethiopia
Habib Jemal
In the Western part of Ethiopia, there are contentious boundary areas along the Benishangul - Gumuz Regional State and Oromia National Regional State. The areas are the center of people's insecurity, human rights violations, and conflict. This study argues that irrespective of the cause of the violence, the contribution of people, and the pattern of ethnic cleavage in the area, prevention of violence and conflict is the duty of government, importantly the police. The purpose of this study was to identify the police organs reorganization reform approaches based on the FDRE Constitution. To this end, the study used secondary data. The legal and theoretical analysis is the major analysis method. The study has revealed the need of reform police service, organization in controversial boundary areas, to avoid ineffective and partial policing. The constitution also allows the provision of full-fledged police service by federal government police institutions. the constitution has another police reform option to avoid partiality, the constitution allows the provision of coordinated police service between federal-regional, regional-regional, and federal-local. Finally, to stabilize, counter human rights violations and insecurity in controversial boundary areas, the study recommends both the Federal and Regional governments to undertake cooperative works towards reforming the police in line with the above schemes enshrined under the supreme law- FDRE Constitution.
A study on customer preference and satisfaction towards share - auto services
P.Preetha K.B.Haritha Dr.K.Vijaya Venkateswari Dr.V.Seetha
Transportation services play a significant role in an individual’s everyday life. Most of the people are dependent on the public and private transport services for better accessibility to school, colleges, office, market etc. The movement of the people is also more, and so, many including students, prefer not to wait for buses and opt instead to take share auto-rickshaws.A common sight in many cities in Tamil Nadu is nearly a dozen men and women cramped into a regular auto-rickshaw masquerading as a ‘share auto’. People largely rely on share auto-rickshaws as there are fewer bus services in many places. Share-auto services are playing an alternative role to the public transports in many places. There is achanging scenario of customer preferences in the selection of transport services within the city or town. Service quality can also characterise the customer demand and preferences. The main objective of this paper is to study the customer preference towards the share-auto services.
Education Accessibility and Impact on the Tribal Girls of Mayurbhanj District, Odisha
Jayanti Singh Kerai and Dr. Birendra Suna
The Constitution of India with its Article 45 provides free and compulsory educationand Article 46 has made education as state subject. It defines free and compulsory education until complete the age of 14 years. In 1947 to still now the government has been working on education via various schemes and programmes and made special provision for girls and particularly tribal girls. The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act made education a fundamental right for all children in 2002. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, a law to enable the implementation of the fundamental right, was passed by Parliament. Both the Constitutional amendment and the new law came into force from 1stApril 2010. The education of tribal people and girls are not been achieved so far because of many reasons. There are many students enrolled in the primary and secondary schools but it is a doubt that half of the children of the secondary hardly complete their education because of many reasons. This paper discusses the problems of tribal girls’ education of Mayurbhanj District.The data for this paper are collected from different sources like primary and secondary school from the districtand data included census reports.
Locus of control and depression: Relationship and impact: An empirical study on Indian students
J. Pujitha
Background: There is a clear connection between external locus of control and depression, according to research. There has been little if any, research is available on locus of control and depression in Indian socio-cultural background. Aim: This study investigates the relationship between locus of control and depression among Indian undergraduate students. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire with the Levenson's multidimensional locus of control scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and demographic questions was given to a sample of 192 students. Descriptive statistics, standard multiple regression analysis were used in the data analysis. Results: 47.3 percent of the 192 participants had low (minimal) depression, 23.4 percent had mild depression, 18.0 percent had moderate depression, and 11.3 percent had extreme depression. Students who believed they had control over their lives were less likely to have depressive symptoms, while students who believed their lives were influenced by chance (r = 0.45, p = 0.000) or influential others (r = 0.40, p = 0.000) were more likely to have high depression scores. Internal and external locus of influence and age explained 31% of the variation in depression scores; gender had no significant impact on depression levels. Conclusion: The findings of the study highlight locus of control as one of the cognitive variables linked to depression. More research is required to figure out how to resolve locus of control in the treatment and prevention of depression in the university setting
Nigerian Press Coverage and Audience Perception of Inter-Border Migration Conflict and Development of West Africa
Blessed Frederick Ngonso, Ph.D
The Press plays a key role in national and international issues by bringing them up to the front burner of public opinion. As fourth estate of the realm,the press is expected to be a necessarypartner in the reportage of migration-conflict and developmentof West Africa in order to inform, educate,and persuade the people on the part they should play. It has been noted that one of the most salient features of todayglobalisation’s drive is conscious encouragement of cross-border investments and development, especially by trans-national corporations and firms. However, some experts have argued that cross- border investments and development is a far cry due to cross-border migrationconflict among some West African States. The study examined Vanguard and The Nation newspapers of October, 2018 to examine the extent of reportageof inter-border migration conflict and its attendant implications on thedevelopment of West Africa. The researcheradopted mixed research methods using content analysis andinterview. The interview was conducted on selected experts in International Relations/Diplomacy, Development Economics,Mass Communication and Political Science who have interest in migration studies. The data from the interview was usedto support the data from content analysis. Four research questions were raised to guide the execution of the study.The finding from content analysis of the study showed that Nigerian press does not give adequate coverage and prominence to the migration issue, this finding was also collaborated with data from interview. The study findings also showed that inter-border migration conflicts has several negative implications on the development of West African States. Such negative development include; Inter-border migration conflict inhibit ECOWAS Protocol on free movement of people and goods.It spreads both socio-political and economic instability in the sub-region.It is the purveyor of insurgency and proliferation of small and medium size arms. The study concludes that Nigerian press has not been able to set agenda on issues bordering on inter-border migration conflict and its attendant implications on the development on West African nations. The researcher recommended that Nigerian press should pay adequate attention to inter-border migration conflict bearing in mind its grave consequences on development of West African nations. This study is anchored on Agenda-Setting theory and Conflict Resolution theory.
A short review on Methane Mitigation Methods for reducing Global Warming
Swati Singh1, , Pradeep Kumar Sharma1, Anju Rani2
Nowadays global warming effect, in general, is a great concern for the scientific communities of the world. It constitutes the emission of greenhouse gases such as Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, Methane, and so on. Methane is one of the most important greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming. This mini-review focuses on the different sources of methane emission and its mitigation. The five different emission sources are Land Fills, Rice Paddy Fields, Ruminants, Waste Water, and Coal Mines. Several emission studies and their control treatments had been a discussion of interest. Ultimately to our goodwill, several solutions are coming up that have solved real-life problems regarding the mitigation of methane from the environment. Several of these solutions are specific to their emission specificities. While these provide a narrow genre of solutions, it also cuts down on the decision making of analysis between different solutions. Several of these solutions need a thorough discussion and review to make the least of concern the decision of choosing a bit easier on the readers. Clearance of the pros and cons of every methodare discussed give a clear view of the methods of methane mitigation.
Name of the Article: Attitude of Teacher Trainees towards the Inclusion of Children with Special needs in general school setting
Mrs Mondira Bhuyan Mr. Hemanta Chutia
The aim of the present paper is to study the attitude of pre-service teacher trainee towards the inclusion of children with special needs in general school setting.100 pre-service teacher-trainee undergoing D.EL.ED and B.ED courses in different private teacher trainee institutes are selected as sample of the study. A self developed attitude scale was formed to collect the data. Collected data was analyzed through SPSS. The study revealed that training and experiences of prior contact with CWSN had significant impact on differentiation of trainee’s attitude. But sex of trainee had no significant impact on their attitude towards inclusion.
The Effect of Small and Medium Enterprises in Employment Creation and Income Generation in Somali Regional State: A Case of Kebridahar Town
Regan Debebe Beluhu
The Role of Small and medium Enterprises in Employment Creation and Income Generation Ethiopia Somali Regional State in Jig-Jiga Town. This study were look at the Role of Small and medium Enterprises in Employment Creation and Income Generation Somali Regional State in kebridahar town using primary data collected depth interview, questionnaire, and focus group discussions. It was examine use of International and Ethiopian Experience literature in general, and in Ethiopia in particular. To obtain data needed to undertake the study primary data were collected to appropriate data collection tools. In order to confirm that the designed data collection tool is accurate, pilot survey were also being conducted. Moreover, the question of sampling techniques and sample size determination has been dealt with. Both descriptive and quantitative methods were employed for analysis purpose. Descriptive statistical tools such as tables and percentages were use. Also, Mean, maximum, minimum were use to classify the respondents annual income and number of employees per Small and medium Enterprises in to the mean, below the mean, the minimum and the maximum.
Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits a Review
1. Mohan Lal 2. Dr. Debahuti Panigrah
Kashmiri Pandits, a small religious minority community in Kashmir's valley of which exodus began in January 1990 in which they were forcibly driven out of their homeland in Kashmir. As a result, their homes were set on fire, temples were burnt, and hundreds of people were killed. Kashmiri Pandits then decided to leave the valley and have been staying in refugee camps in various parts of the country, especially in Jammu. The government has taken a number of steps to help struggling families, as part of a larger strategy whereby those who have moved will eventually return to the valley. The government has also been providing assistance to uprooted families in Jammu district's camp and non-camp areas who have lost their source of income due to migration. Since then, Kashmiri Pandits have not returned to their homeland, and a return is still a distant hope for them. This paper aims to know the causes of exodus of Kashmiri Pandit, to know the problem faced by the Kashmiri Pandit, measure taken by the government for rehabilitation of Kashmiri Pandit and to examine their present status. It also aims to find out the causes and effect of exodus and the rehabilitation of Kashmiri Pandits in the Kashmir valley as well as the government's various decisions in their favour.
English language Instructions and walkability Constraints among adult residents in Southwest, Nigeria
Dr. Oladipo Adeyeye Olubodun
The prevalence of walkability constraints experienced by most adult residents in Southwest Nigeria has helped to reveal the need to further simplify English language instructionson road maps and restricted communities/facilities to enhance intelligible comprehension of these English language instructions and symbols in both print and visual media by adult residents in southwest Nigeria.Besides, paucity of studies that exist inthe aspect of English language instructions and walkability constraintsamong adult residents in southwest Nigeria, has consequently hindered the unveiling of daily walkability constraints faced by adult residents in Southwest Nigeria, as they strive to walk around their locality and other relevantpublic spaces due to non-well communicated instructions that are written in English language.Therefore, this paper sampled three hundred and eighty-four (384)participants, adopted a simple random sampling technique, as well as Social Cognitive theory (SCT) to strictly examine English language Instructions and walkability constraints among adult residents in SouthwestNigeria, with the anticipation of improving on the prevailing method of communiqué, geared towards easy comprehension of instructions that are presented in English language in both rural and urban territories, so as to ensure their compliance with stipulated instructions in their neighbourhood and other relevantpublic spaces. Findings revealed that most adults deliberately ignore English language instructions on road/community routes because they feel intellectually disturbed or too familiar with the terrain. It was recommended that qualified/well-trained English language instructors should be integrated into town planningcommittees and environmental response team of each State Government within Southwest Nigeria to curb the rise of walkability constraintsamong adults.
Indian Tribal Health Care Management of the Hill Kharia People of Mayurbhanj District of Odisha: A Psychosocial Analysis
Mr. Fagu Tudu1 And Dr. Ratnakar Mohapatra2
The health care system of the Hill Kharia tribe of Mayurbhanj district of Odisha is an important aspect of the whole primitive tribal health care system of Odisha. In fact, Mayurbhanj is the largest tribal district of the state of Odisha in Eastern India. Among the total existing 62 Tribes of Odisha,13 tribes are the Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs). In the later, these 13 Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) have been identified by Government of India as PVTGs. Initially, there was an overall conviction that living near nature the people delighted in a climate, which is helpful for acceptable wellbeing. The primitive tribal people are viewed as not truly amiable to the Western arrangement of medication. With the genuine corruption of climate, the eco-soundness of the tribals has endured monstrously. The Hill Kharias are mostly living Jashipur as well as Karanjia Block areas of Mayurbhanj district of Odisha and they were residing many years ago in the Similipal hill range after movement slowly they spread to other Blocks of Maryubhanj district like Bisoi, Baripada, Suliapada, Shamakhunta, Morada , Udala, Koptipada, etc. The health care practice of Hill Kharia people of Mayurbhanj district is prescribed by its local traditions like beliefs, customs, practices, literacy and prevailing health care facilities. The traditional health care system of the Hill Kharias is found to be changed due to the introduction of different Governmental health programmes. The aim of this paper is to focus on the medical services arrangement of the Hill Kharias of the Mayurbhanj area of Odisha in Eastern India. For the composition of this article, both the essential and auxiliary sources are methodologically utilized by the authors.
Internal Audit Effectiveness in Public Sector Offices in Ethiopia
Dr. Krishna Gadasandula
The importance of internal audit has seen fast growth in public sectors to promote good governance by providing an objective assessment of whether the public resources are adequately utilized in order to achieve constructive results (Abdulaziz Alzeban and David Gwilliam. (2014)).. Ethiopian studies are not addressed internal audit effectiveness in local government administration, for example, (Mihret and Yismaw, 2007) study about public sectors, particularly higher educational institutions, and (Belay, 2007) study about effective implementation of internal audit function to promote good governance in the public sector, (Mihret, 2010) studied the factors associated with attributes of internal audit departments. Methodology: The overall objective of the study is to examine the determinant factors of internal audit effectiveness (IAE) in public sector offices in Ethiopia with references to South Gonder Administrative zone Ethiopia. The study focused on all South Gonder Administrative zone18 woredas internal auditor’s staffs. Explanatory research design has been used with primary and secondary data by using mixed research method by employing quantitative and qualitative research methods. The quantitative research method used through 83 usable self-administered questionnaires. These questionnaires were constructed in 5-point likert scale, distributed to internal auditors and analyzed using SPSS version23 statistical software. The qualitative research method used through documents review. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) linear regression model was used to analysis the collected data and examines the association between IAE and five study’s variables. Findings: According to the results of the study independency of IA(Internal Audit) teams, quality of IA, scope of internal audit work and management support were strong and significant effect on the effectiveness of internal audit regarding on value adding, enhance department performance, and enhance organizational performance. However, competency of IA is the sole insignificant factors that do not affect effectiveness of internal audit in South Gonder Administrative zone Ethiopia. The regression result show that the overall contribution of independency of auditors, internal audit quality, competency of internal auditors, scope of internal audit work and management support to the IAE accounted for 51.6% (R2 = 0.516) of the variation in the internal audit effectiveness, the rest 48% are other variables not included in this study. Furthermore, the model summary also shows the significance of the model by the value of F-statistics (P=.000) and F =16.429 which implies that there were strong relationship between the predictors and the outcomes of the regression variables and are at best fit the model to predict the effectiveness of internal audits in the public sector. Conclusion: The Internal Audit effectiveness of the organization improves, when there were the existences of Audit quality, independence of internal audit, scope of internal audit work and more supports from the management. The regression analysis shows very strong contributions of existence of Audit quality, management support, have independence of internal audit combined with the scope of internal audit work for the IAE. Therefore, the overall effect of this variable is very important for the internal audit effectiveness of the South Gonder administrative zone public sector offices.
Empowerment of Women through Panchayati Raj Institutions in Odisha
Ms.Snehalata Majhi and Dr. Birendra Suna
The paper hasassessed the empowerment of women underthe Panchayati Raj Institutions in Odisha.Itexamined the procedure applied for women empowerment through the elections system and reservation of seats for women. The paper more specifically investigates the elected women from scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, other backward class and general women. The PRIs has played vital role in empowering the marginalization section of the society andmore explicitly women. The social, political empowerment has been shaped after introduction of the PRIs in India. The role of the women is more important to build the society through the constitutional procedures.The Constitution of India under its principle has placed elections system to safeguard the rights of the women. The old patriarchy system of society is gradually creating space for the women. The 33 percent reservation of seats in all political institutions for women has an extraordinary amendment to empower the women.
Highlights, challenges and recommendations in virtual education on various fields during the covid-19 pandemic
Sajithunisa Hussain1, Rifat Jahan2, Nazia Ahmad3, Remya P George4
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in various points and obliged countries to go through lockdown. Individuals gone through different preventive measures by remaining at home, working on removing and remaining clean. The rapid spread of the coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak has had a major effect on the education sector as well. To prevent the spread of novel coronavirus infection, most of the educational sectors avoided traditional face to face learning and adopted online learning. Online courses have proven to be the most powerful method for preserving student retention and access to learning.Even though, online learning provides an opportunity for students to pursue education during the pandemic period, it has some disadvantages as well. This research aims to identify the educational strategies practiced during the pandemic period in higher education by reviewing the research published in the pandemic period. It comprises a series of studies that have examined the advantages and drawbacks of online learning in a variety of areas, including medicine, engineering, and school education. The aim of this research is to explore the educational practices followed during the epidemic as well as the challenges encountered by students from various education sectors. The findings of this study indicate that a sudden transition from traditional education to online learning creates a considerable challenge to students in various aspects.
Mapping the Land Use and Land CoverChanges and Hydrological Regime of Rishikesh City in Uttarakhand Using Geo-Spatial Techniques
PankajGautam , Subhash Anand , Harish Kumar
The intergovernmental panel for climate change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report discussed about the negative impacts of climate change on water resources around the world (IPCC Climate Change 2007). The land use and land cover changes are the results of the utilization of resources by the human being in time and space for various purposes. These changes could be taken place because of natural causes also. The seasonal variation in rainfall affects the variability in soil moisture that influences the wetness or dryness of monsoon season and which also affect the hydrological system. The study focused on mapping out Landuse and Land Cover (LULC) changes through processing topographic sheets and Landsat satellite data for different years with the help of GIS in Rishikesh city, Dehradun district, Uttarakhand, India; realizing the importance of LULC monitoring in the management and planning of the land resources. The study has been conducted based on three situations according to the time when 1990, 1998, 2007 and 2017. In order to study the change in LULC, and Landsat data (1990-2017) were used to generate different layers of maps. Spatial-temporal information on the LULC and its changes were determined by GIS and RS techniques. The change was more than 32.75 percent in water bodies’ area after monsoon season in city in 1990. The other water bodies were also rejuvenated because of stagnation of water which also contributed in increasing of water bodies’ area. In 2017, water bodies further increased after monsoon season with 35.44 per cent change in the area. Water bodies are only class which has positive change to its area after the monsoon season.
The Gadabas of Vizianagaram district in the 20thcentury
The Gadabas of Vizianagaram district in the 20thcentury Y V S Sivanagaraju1, Dr. Tariq Ahmad Sheikh2
Since ancient times the presence of the tribes is mentioned in the various scripts. Authors of these scripts depicted the tribes as different from the general stream of the society due to their distinct culture, in terms of appearance, living style, blind beliefs, and geographical isolation. In the long run, society has developed, but they remained embryonic. The Constitution of Indians identified these tribes and other backward groups of the society as a Scheduled Tribe to bring them at par with the general society. The state of Andhra Pradesh consists of 34 tribes with a population of 27, 39,919contribute 5.53% to the total population of the state. Gadabas is one among those tribes and identified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group. They are having their ethnicity, which makes them different from other tribal groups. These antediluvian ethnic traits are at a pose to disappear gradually from the society which remains as the cultural history of the country.
Mandatory CSR – A Strategic Opportunity
Rangan S Vittal & Kajari Mukherjee
Objective/Problem:This paper examines corporate social responsibility in developing countries and the rationale behind the enactment in India related to the topic. Design: Conceptual Paper. Based on the study of IIM Udaipur with respect to lack of CSR talent and the scope of contribution, this paper proposes a framework for effective CSR implementation through the model of intrinsic CSR orientation on the part of both - organization and its members. Findings:The paper suggests that the mandatorycorporatesocial responsibility be viewed as an opportunity by corporations to approach CSR more strategically. Conclusion: Using the framework, an empirical study of pace setting organizations is suggested as a part of future research.
Advantageous and adversative impacts of social media on undergraduate law students
Archana R. Tupat, Dr. Uttam Kumar Panda
This article is an empirical attempt to map the advantageous and adversative impacts of social media on undergraduate law students of a national law university in India. Over the years, the connection between university students and social media has been tremendously increased across the world. Consequentially, social media has put several creative and adverse impacts on college and university students pertaining to their academic performance, wellbeing, health, personal interaction, etc. As per the current statistics released in January 2021, India has 320 million Facebook users which is the highest number among all countries in the world. Almost 71 percent of the Indian Facebook users belong to the age group of 18-34 years. YouTube happens to be the second most popular social media with 2 billion-plus users in the world and India contributes 225 million-plus active YouTube users. This trend speaks a volume about the usefulness of these online platforms. Undoubtedly, social media which is more often recognized as Social Networking Sites (SNS) have created a space for a virtual community feeling for its users. SNS provides a platform to make new friends and contacts, not only on own campus but also outside the university and college campus, and through which the students involved in the process of social capital formation for their future motive and career.]
Post-Covid Analysis: Covid-19, Online Learning and Mental Health of College Students
Dr. Monjusree Bora
The COVID-19 outbreak has made the educational institutions compelled to shift their mode of delivery of materials from offline to online overnight. It has left no choice but to accept by the teachers the greatest digital divide happening in the world, it’s increasing impact on the education sector and to change the pedagogical approaches. The greatest victim of the pandemic was not other than the student community. The sudden closure of educational institutions, the continuation of online classes, approaching the teachers in a never-facing form, the lack of digital infrastructure, lack of motivation and above all lack of face-to-face interaction have made the students mentally disturbed. The implementation of lockdown due to COVID-19 in Assam also made the educational institutions closed. The present study is an attempt to make a post-COVID analysis with special reference to online learning and mental health of college students. For this purpose a sample of 150 undergraduate students were selected randomly. By using self-structured questionnaire was prepared and data were collected. In frequency distribution tables and graphical representations were made to analyse the data. The results showed that students used Zoom, WhatsApp, Cisco Webex and some other sources for online learning. Most of the students attended online classes for 1 hour a day, maximum number of students had partially satisfied by the overall learning experiences. Poor network and motivational issues were found mostly among students when they reported about the problems of online learning. Thus, the findings yield sufficient need of collaborative efforts of the teachers, administrators, parents and other members of the society to look at the matter of online education more deeply and to improve the digital infrastructure to make it a total success. Creating innovative online contents, tools, techniques, increase interest and motivation of teachers for online teaching along with getting training and such other courses to improve their new pedagogy will go a long way to motivate students to pursue online learning in coming days.
Characteristics of anemia in patients above 60 years of age attending a tertiary care hospital
Dr. Ambili N.R, Dr. Renymol B, Dr. T.D.Unnikrishnan Kartha
Anaemia is a common problem in the elderly population. It is a major contributor of morbidity and mortality. The common causes of anaemia in the elderly are nutritional deficiency, anaemia of inflammation and unexplained anaemia.The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical types of anaemia in elderly hospitalized patients.This was conducted as a hospital based longitudinal study undertaken among elderly patients in a tertiary care hospital. 70 patients more than 60 years admitted in the medical wards with anaemia were included in the study. History related to diet, antiplatelet use was recorded. Co morbidities were assessed using Charlson Co morbidity Index. Laboratory investigations including Haemoglobin, RBC indices, S.Ferritin, renal function tests(RFT), stool occult blood(SOB) were noted and analyzed. S.Cobalamine , Folic acid, GI endoscopy, bone marrow studies were done only in indicated patients.Of the patients included in the study 53% were male and 47% were females. Majority of patients were in the age group of 60-70 years (44.3%).All patients were taking a non-vegetarian diet. Majority of patients (95.70%) did not give a history of chronic blood loss, but 17.10% had stool occult blood positivity. The most common anaemia detected was iron deficiency anaemia(28.6%).27.10% had anaemia of chronic disease,21.40% had unidentified anemia,20% had anaemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 2.90% had mixed anaemia. None of the patients had either Cobalamine or Folic acid deficiency.20% of elderly anaemic in the study did not have any associated comorbidities.34.3% had a Charlson Co morbidity Index(CCI) of 1-2,28.50% had CCI of 3-4 and 17.10% had CCI of 17.10%.The most common co morbidities associated were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, CKD and myocardial infarction(MI).Thus it was concluded that iron deficiency anaemia appeared to be the commonest cause of anaemia in elderly in this study. Other common causes being anaemia of chronic disease and anaemia of CKD. The commonest co morbidity associated with elderly anaemic patients was hypertension. We will be able to prevent the morbidity and mortality related to anaemia by treating the correctable factors.
The Perception of the Implicit Curriculum as a Self-Support in building Learners’ Cognitive and Socio-Skills
Ayodele C.A. (Ph.D)
Education has been described as a means of acquiring knowledge and more importantly, a means of developing individual personality. The knowledge acquired is an instrument for behaviour modification. In education system, a programme that anchor the acquisition of knowledge is the curriculum. The curriculum is the planned and organised programme for an intended learning outcome. This curriculum is of two type, the planned and the unplanned curriculum. They can as well be known as the explicit or unhidden and implicit or hidden curriculum. The planned curriculum contains content for academic development. A lot of teachers concentrate on the explicit curriculum in producing students presenting them to the society. Education without character will only make a futile effort towards any achievement. The society count on the school in giving wholistic education to the students and equip them with social skills. Social skills are skills that enable students to interact, make interpersonal interaction, control physical and emotional disorder, ability to take right and proper approach to issues, decency, appropriate response in communication. Having social skills enable individual to excel both in academic and other area of life. Acquisition of social skills can be reinforced through the active use of the implicit curriculum. The implicit curriculum has been played down in schools and many students, parents and even teachers see it as punitive measure making the implicit curriculum relevant is very germane in supporting and reinforcing the social skills.
Communication strategies and rural dwellers’ attitude towards Covid-19s’ preventive measures in Osun state, Nigeria
Omoregie, C. O., Akinyooye, Funmilola E. , Aransi, Waliyi Olayemi
The study examined the influence of communication strategies on rural dwellers’ knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19s’ preventive measures. Three specific research objectives and questions were achieved and answered. Exploratory research design was employed, ten villages were purposively sampled and one-hundred (100) participants were selected with the aid of simple random sampling technique. In addition, self-developed questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information from the respondents and this was analyzed through descriptive statistical tools. The empirical findings revealed that print and broadcast media most especially radio, newspaper and television were some of the available and accessible communication strategies through which information pertaining to the COVID-19s’ preventive measures were obtained by the rural dwellers. It was discovered that rural dwellers’ attitude towards avoidance of social gathering and temporary suspension of religious activities as parts of COVID-19s’ preventive measures were encouraging to a very high extent. Besides, there was no significant difference based on gender traits and age range in the rural dwellers attitude towards COVID-19s’ preventive measures, while a significant difference was empirically established among respondents’ attitude on the basis of religious affiliations which was in favour of those with Traditional religious practice. Recommendations made included dissemination of vital information through door-to-door campaigns by the approved serving health workers and provision of required facilities such as pipe-borne water and borehole to ensure rural dwellers’ access to running water, hand sanitizers, face-mask amongst others.
Authorship Trends and Collaborative Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of Annals of Library and Information Studies 2011-2020
Mithu Dey1, Satish Kumar2
The paper represents the results of the “Authorship Trends and Collaborative Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of Annals of Library and Information Studies 2011-2020”. In this present paper, an attempt has been made to analyze authorship trends and collaborative dynamics of research output with respect to the Annals of Library and Information Studies. A bibliometric analysis carried on 591 authors and 312 research output in this journal during 2011-2020. The study examines growth of research contribution, authorship trends, most prolific research contributors, length of the contributions, geographic distribution of the contributions and degree of collaboration. The findings of the study reflect, maximum 38 articles contributed during the year 2015 and maximum number of 74 authors contributed during the year 2013. Authorship pattern shows majority of contribution from collaborative authors, maximum contributed by authors from India and most prolific author is Dr.B.K Sen contributed 20 articles during 2011-2020. The outcomes obtained present study a roadmap for intensifying the research in the field library and information science.
Continued Stress Among Teachers Due to Covid-19 Pandemic and Strategies of Stress Management among Higher Education Institutions Bangalore
Vijaya Lakshmi Dara, Dr. J Shanmuganathan
Stress is normal in everyday life, to feel anxious or have lots of worries, stressed right now because of thinking about the Covid-19 corona virus and what might may happen which indirectly impacting our daily lives, insomnia or feeling intolerable which the current pandemic situation. All human beings are worried about their health, family, friends, employment, education and our access to necessary resources and finances. All are practically stressful because we do not know exactly how, or when things may change. We cannot say for sure when things will stabilize, and we worry about those we care most personally and not to be affected. The challenges will turn us down when combined with pressure, tension, strain, and tightness. If the worries and stress are not managed well it would cause serious health and mental problem to human beings. Hence, thisresearchmade an attempt to study the stress management among teachers of the deemed-to-be and private universities at Bangalore city by highlighting the causes, affect and management of stress and to project the scope of teacher’s career in the long run and perception towards the stress management.
Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) pivoting the community level neo natal health care – Odisha experience
Susanta Kumar Nayak , Dr. Iswar Chandra Naik
ASHAs are playing an important role in catalyzing the community around health issues in the form enhancing people’s participation, community level action and thereby facilitating improvement in the health and wellbeing of the people. Neonatal health care is an important aspect of health care service delivery in order to reduce neonatal deaths which ultimately contributes to the reduction of IMR. While the facility and community level neonatal health care go hand in hand, it is the community level neonatal health care which needs to be more taken care of as the neonate stays with the family and community for longer period. ASHA pivots the community level neonatal health care with her knowledge and skills that she possesses as a part of the interventions under NHM. The present paper discusses the role played by ASHA in spearheading the community level neonatal health care in the State of Odisha.
Political Participation of Tribal Women in Panchayati Raj System: A Study of Paikmal Block of Bargarh District in Odisha
Hemalata Chak, Ph.D Scholar , Dr. Tusarkant Pattnaik
Political Participation of women is broader than their participation in the electoral and administrative process. It is not only related to ‘Right to Vote’ but at the same time relates to participation in decision making process, political activities, political consciousness, etc. Political participation of tribal women in Panchayat raj institution in their process political participation and empowerment in PRIs. It analyses the effectiveness of tribal women’s political participation in PRI affairs and their ability of political participation in a most tribal populated. Women particularly, the tribal women have been marginalized, subjected to various exploitation and sufferings, women in general and rural women in particular are a bundle of all disadvantages. In spite of various constitutional provisions are made and legal measures are provided for protecting their interests, they are still subjected to exploitation. Therefore, the main objectives of this research is find out the extent to which the tribal women involve themselves in the political process. This paper examines the level of political participation of tribal women in panchayatraj institution activities and people awareness about creating sustainable panchayatraj institution for their better participation. The tribal’s since ages have living within their environment and any disputes; disagreement was decided and settled by themselves. Especially, the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts provide for an opportunity for women’s entry into political spheres especially tribal women.
A Framework for Developing Intellectual Property Perspective among Computer Science Students
Dr. J V Madhuri,LNS Prakash Goteti
Intellectual property rights are being discussed and have become as policy issues in this era of knowledge. Every organization, industry in every sector is striving hard to protect, create, and convert their intangible assets to tangible ones through intellectual property rights. In this scenario, young students comprising majority work force of information technology field are to be sensitized about intellectual property rights at the beginning of their career. With this background, as a facilitator of this course a frame work was developed to impart intellectual property rights education to computer science students. This paper discusses how students are introduced to concepts in a unit wise manner and as the course makes progress, how challenges are dealt pedagogically to reach the outcomes of the course.
Resource Scarcity and Its Effect on Demand for Children and Child Mortality in Ethiopia: The Case of Machakel Woreda
Hayatu Mude (MSc.) Mekonnen Bersisa (PhD) and Tenager Muluye (MSc.)
Population growth rate, particularly, high fertility rate in these countries is perhaps related to unacceptable risk of child death, extreme poverty related to the deterioration of natural resource base like potable water, fodder and fuel wood. The general objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between the levels of resource scarcity and demand for children by households. The data were analysed using the Tobit and logit model. It was found that fuel wood scarcity proxy variable which is time required collecting fire wood and other proxy variables of resource scarcity that is distance to water source affect (demand for child) fertility affect positively. In addition as the Tobit regression shows child mortality also affect child fertility positively at 1% significance level. Another proxy variable of resource scarcity which is access to safe water as logistic regression indicates affect child mortality rate negatively but distance to health service affect child mortality positively. According to Tobit model result distance to health center, livestock holding, private land holding, education of wife, price of animal feed and age of wife were not significantly affect demand for children in rural households .On the other hand as logistic regression mode suggests education of husband and total livestock holding of were not significantly affect child mortality in rural farm households of the study area
Effect of Electric Power Disturbance on Small and Medium Enterprises Business Benefit; In the Case of Gurage Zone
Hayatu Mude
Developing countries electricity supply is highly unreliable. The main objective of this study is to analyze the Economics cost of the electric power disturbance on the SME business in a case of Guragezone, Ethiopia. Using a conditional logit and the binary logistic regression models, to be associated with consumers’ willingness to pay for improve power disturbance. The result shows that power disturbance variables results reveals that (measured using frequency of power disturbance in a per days and monthly electricity expenditure) have a positive and significant effect on the estimated willingness to pay or causes for economic costs on SME, but Alternative source of power supply equipment has negative and significant at 5% level of significance effects on willing to pay for improved services. Study revealed that the power disturbance in study area has levied significant additional costs on the SMEs. Therefore, the researcher suggests that there is need for the Ethiopia government intervention on the ways to improving energy generation and supply, and proper maintenance of electricity infrastructure in the study area.
Dimensions and Determinants of Food Insecurity among Rural Households in Ethiopia
Simachew Dubale
Ethiopia is among the poorest countries in the world, with very low human development indicators, ranked 174th out of 188 countries. The main objective of this thesis was to identify the determinants of food insecurity among rural farm households, to measure the rural farm household’s food insecurity status and its severity and to analysis food insecurity dimension in the study area. The primary data were collected through structured questionnaire from four kebeles with a total sample household of 165. In the descriptive statistics such as standard deviation, percentage, mean, and t-value, were used to analysis the data and inferential statistics such as linear regression analysis, and logistic regression analysis. The descriptive statistics revealed a significant mean difference at an acceptable significance level between the food secure and food insecure households. A binary logit econometric model has identified seven out of thirteen variables included in the model as significant. Household size per AE, number of oxen owned, dependence ratio, annual crop production, cultivated land and distance from agricultural office and annual consumption per AE were found to be significant determinants of food insecurity in the study area. The head count ratio computed by FGT model revealed that 53.3 percent of sample households were food insecure. The food insecurity gap and severity were 13.5 and 6 percent respectively.
Anticipated effect of education on economic growth in Ethiopia: time series analysis
Hayatu Mude Sherif
Financing in education has newlyinstitutedvital social objectives for a rationallyvirtuous level of human capital raises a laborer’s proficiency’s, productivity and value of life.This research basically focused on the anticipated effect ofeducation Ethiopian economic growth is verified empirically. The researchplanned at decomposing the relationship between education and economic growth using time series data from 1975/76 to 2015/16. All those independent variables were found to be stationary in first difference. Long-run associationamong variables, short run andlong run dynamics were inveterate through Johnson co-integration analysis and VECM specification. The finding showsin the long run on government education expenditure,labour force, quality education, secondary enrolment rate and tertiary enrolment ratewould affect the economic growth. Lastly, the Granger causality test was conducted and the results show that tertiary education and labour force can have a power on economic growth.
Shareholders awareness of corporate Governance practices: evidence from Indian stock market
Ritesh Kumar Jain Dr. Rishi Chaudhary
Abstract Corporate governance contributes to development of organizations. Increased access to capital encourages new investments, boosts economic growth, and provides employment opportunities. Corporate governance is described as the structure and processes by which companies are directed and controlled by entities outside the corporation. It represents a number of relationships between the management of a corporation, its board of directors, its owners and other stakeholders. Corporate governance includes the structure within which the goals of the organisation are set and the means to accomplish those goals. Effective corporate governance helps companies run more effectively, enhance access to resources, reduce risk and avoid mismanagement. It makes businesses more accountable and responsive to customers and provides them with tools to respond to stakeholder concerns. Current research study on analysing shareholders awareness of corporate governance practices. In a survey of 529 online indian shareholders, it was found that shareholders are more and more aware of the corporate governance practices and take active part in formation of practices and give due consideration to transparency in the disclosure system. Study indicates that corporate governance practices differ significantly across the age,gender and educational level of respondents, some of the managerial implications and future scope of the study is presented in the research work.
Russell viper envenomation induced Acute Kidney Injury: a study of plasma NGAL and serum Creatinine
Subramanian Senthilkumaran1,2, Ponniah Thirumalaikolundusubramanian3, Nagarajan Prabhusaran4, Namasivayam Elangovan1*
Abstract Viper envenomation contributes to acute kidney injury (AKI), which is further influenced by alterations in various physiological factors and nephrotoxic pharmacotherapeutic agents. Despite early appropriate intervention with Injection antisnake venom (ASV), progression of AKI has been demonstrated earlier. So, an attempt has been made to determine plasma neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin NGAL and the serum creatinine (sCr)while these cases of viper envenomation are on treatment at hospital, correlate with selected demographic (age and gender) and clinical parameters (bite to needle time, lymphadenitis and local swelling), and suggest the possible mechanisms involved in the process. A total of 104 confirmed Russell’s viper bite presented within 4 hours of bite with evidence of clinical envenomation and confirmation of the snakes who satisfied certain inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered for the study. Apart from routine clinical assessment, they were evaluated by laboratory means. Selected demographic and clinical parameters of these cases were documented and correlated with plasma NGAL and sCr estimated on admission (“0” hour) and at different intervals of post-bite admission. The results were analyzed statistically. Plasma NGALand sCrrevealed a sustained elevation following viper envenomation at different intervals even after administration of ASV. These changes were independent of the demographic and clinical parameters. The mechanisms involved for the development of AKI in viper envenomation are attributable to the by nephrotoxins, cytokines and endothelin present in the venom, and the oxidative stress and thrombo inflammation induced by envenomation. So, an understanding of possible mechanisms involved in AKI will likely pave ways for early introduction of adjuvants for snake bite cases in order to avert or minimize renal damage.
Economic empowerment of tribal women in Panchayatiraj: a study of Keonjhar district of Odisha
Mandakini Naik
Abstract: Although most women in India work and contribute to the economy in one form or another, much of their work is not documented or accounted for in official statistics. Tribal Women plow fields and harvest crops while working on farms, women weave and make handicrafts while working in household industries, women sell food and gather wood while working in the informal sector. Additionally, women are traditionally responsible for the daily household chores. Since Indian culture hinders women’s access to jobs in stores, factories and the public sector, the informal sector is particularly important for women. There are estimates that over 90 per cent of working women are involved in the informal sector. The informal sector includes jobs such as domestic servant, small trader, artisan, or field labourer on a family farm.
Level of Chinese Muallaf Assimilation to Malay Custom in Malaysia
Razaleigh Muhamat Kawangit Abdul Ghafar Don
Abstract This article attempts to to examine the level of Chinese Muallaf assimilation to their Malay counterpart’s custom in Malaysia. Their coversion to Islam has put them in dilemma between practising Islam andat the same time to assimilate Malay customsince Malaysia Constitution equates Malay to Islam. It is however not to say that not all Malay custom are in line with the Islamic teachings. But the expectation of Malay Muslim to those of converts whether Chinese, Indian or other races in Malaysia is to assimilate or practice Malay custom which they considered as Islamic. The objective of the research is to analyze the level practice of Malay customs in the aspects of language, culture, norms and values of the Malays among Chinese Muallaf.This quantitative research design employsquestionnaire as an instrument of the study by selecting 600 Chinese Muallaf in Kuala Lumpur as a sample of the study. The research found that social assimilation level of Chinese Muallaf is at the low level with the mean score 2.67.
Seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies among municipal service workers in Tiruchirapalli, South India
Manikandan N1, Prabhusaran N1*, Jeyaseelan ST2, Uma A1, Natarajaseenivasan K3, Joseph PID4
Abstract Problem: Leptospirosis is emerging and re-emerging neglected tropical bacterial infections that are attracting greater attention from the public health and medical communities. Due to increase in urbanization and conversion of rural setup to urban, poor sanitation and unawareness of the risk sources increasing the infectious diseases recorded every year. The objective of this study is to determine seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies and distribution of Leptospira serovars presented in sample of municipal service workers in both railway and residential areas.Methodology:The Genus specific ELISA was performed for all theserum samples [(n=199) – (103 residential municipal workers and 96 railways municipal workers)] and the results were compared with serovar specific MAT by using serial doubling dilutions of serum samples. Findings:The results of MAT showed reactive to 92 subjects. In MAT, the highest titer value was 1:320 in L. grippotyphosa andL. australis among residential municipal workers; whereas 1:320 was found as the highest titre in L. autumnalis and L. australis among railway municipal. Other serovars were also found reactive but at low value. In our study, seroconversion to 1:80 and above was considered positive because endemicity of leptospirosis has not been reported previously in the study area.Conclusion:This could be an indication that sewage workers are more frequently exposed to leptospires than other high risk groups and they have been routinely screened for leptospirosis also in order to avoid the multiorgan dysfunction and failure.
Influence of online advertisements of retail shop products on the buying behavior of consumers in South East Nigeria
Godwin Okoye, PhD Regina Acholonu, PhD Felix Ugwuanyi, PhD
Abstract This study examined the influence of online advertisements of retail shops’ products on the buying behavior of consumers in South-East Nigeria. The focus of this study was to find out how online advertising has enhanced the patronage of online retail shops’ products. The survey method was employed to elicit the opinions of the respondents. The population of study was 21,602,533. A sample size of four hundred and twenty-seven (427) was drawn from the population. After the analysis, the result indicated that the exposure level of the respondents to online retail shops’ product ads was quite high and that the respondents were influenced to patronize the online shops due to the online ads. Having discussed the findings of the study and based on the results obtained, the researcher therefore, concludes that consumers in South-east Nigeria were exposed to the online retail shops’ product advertisement. However, the exposure does not culminate to high knowledge level of the online retail shops’ product advertisement. The study therefore, recommends that the online retailers should continuously enlighten the consumers so as to strengthen brand promotion for online products.
A Study of Inventory Model for Pharmaceutical Items Associated in Healthcare Industries
Ashutosh Pandey Himanshu Pandey Reeta Bhardwaj
Abstract In the current paper, defective item for pharmaceutical inventory model have been taken into consideration with demand as stock dependent and holding cost is linear. The objective of this paper is to propose an inventory model which optimizes the total cost associated with the model. In prior studies, the models having desire and holding cost been considered a fixed value, which is not always true in real life-situations. An illustration and sensitivity analysis have been done by taking a numerical example of the model.
The Impeccable Potential with kids: Pester power: The study of Expatriates children in Saudi Arabia
Deepa Priyanshu1, Shireen Banu1, Mahera Maqdadi2
Abstract Children are an important consumer market.They have very strong power to influence purchasing decisions and have played an important role in the family purchasing process with direct and indirect purchasing power to influence while buying of ordinary as well as expensive items. They gain instant knowledge through available socialization agents and create great pressure on parents to purchase the desired products. This study is based on expatriatefamilies as a major part of the population of Saudi Arabia. This research attempts to raise a concern about the growing consumerism as an influence of socialization in Expatriate’s children in Saudi Arabia and how the parents deal with the Impeccable Potential with kidsbetter known as pester power. This paper attempts to highlight the different strategies children use today to influence their parents and the impact of these strategies on parents purchasing decisions. A descriptive and exploratory research design and a convenient sampling technique to collect the data are used for the study. A sample of 314parents was interviewed with a structured closed questionnaire.
Minimizing healthcare cost in selected tertiary institutions in Nigeria
1Williams, H. T.1Abiola B., &2 Ojikutu, R. K.
Abstract Research Problem: Healthcare and health insurance are words often used interchangeably but the former is much wider than the later when used in a University system. The proposed review of the health insurance cost by theNational Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in the year 2018 call for this study to investigates healthcare cost in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Methodology: We proposed a linear programming model as an optimization solution to minimize healthcare cost in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. This studyused mathematical assumptions and data sourced through questionnaires and interviewsto determine the decision parameters on the linear programing model to minimize healthcare cost. The main aim of the study was to investigate if linear programming is a satisfactory representation in healthcare cost minimization model. The Cronbach's alpha value was used to test the consistency, validity and reliability of the data and the assumptions adopted in the study. To achieve the objective, research questions and linear programming models were formulated and the appropriate variables were proxies as healthcare cost are distilled from related literatures. Findings: To answer the research questions, the calculated value from the linear programming solver was used to compare the study expected healthcare cost incurred by the selected tertiary institutions at time t. It was revealed that the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis and the linear programming is a satisfactory representation for minimizing healthcare cost. Conclusion:The study therefore conclude that cost reduction should be redistributed to the participating insured, so as to make health insurance business a risk minimizing institution and not a profit maximization centre, as practiced by various Health Management Organisations in Nigeria.
A study on the effect of Pranayama in improving quality of life among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients
Sureshbalaji RA1*, NachalAnnamalai1, Nivetha R2
Abstract Problem:Provision of treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be useful for some extend to improve the lung functions. A special focus on rehabilitation along with medical treatments and special interventions may help to recover the patients. Pranayama (a controlled breathing), a specific set of respiratory exercise that improves the resting respiratory rate, breath holding time, maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, maximum voluntary ventilation and vital capacity. Methodology:The main objective of this study is to analyze the effect of pranayama in the improvement of the quality of life among COPD patients who are medically stable. Thirty patients who are eligible to include were trained for practicing pranayama for twice a day for 30 minutes with regular medications.St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire was given to all recruiters before and after six weeks of supervised pranayama practice along with their usual medication.The data were analyzed in three domains including symptoms, activity and impact. Findings:The symptom ranges (troubling in the chest) were observed from 71.6 and 29.5% (before pranayama) and reduced to 36 and 5% (after pranayama) respectively. The activities affected by the breathing from 91.8 to 14.9% and were improved after pranayama from 61.5 to 7.6% respectively. The impact showed better improvements where the ranges from 85.7 to 8.6% showed initially and further reduced after pranayama from 63.8 to 3.9% respectively. Conclusion:The present investigation showed that practicing pranayama has been very much useful in the management of moderate to severe COPD. Significant improvements have been observed in all the three domains and therefore this may bea useful adjunct treatment and can be a very useful rehabilitation for COPD patients.
Development of Political Life of the Santal People of Mayurbhanj District of Odisha in East India: A Psychosocial Analysis
Singo Hembram1 , Dr. Ratnakar Mohapatra2
The political life of the Santals of Mayurbhanj is an interesting aspect of the tribal culture of Odisha in Eastern India. The Traditional village council of the Santals of Mayurbhanj district plays a significant role in their socio-cultural life. The Santals have a long tradition of managing their village affairs through traditional panchayats. The traditional administrative system of the Santals of Mayurbhanj is purely patriarchal. It is more or less homogenous in nature and comprises of seven members including Majhi from the village council of their community. The Santals are now joining hands with the new established local self government, the Panchayati Raj Institutions, along with their traditional political organisation. Now, the Santal women of the Mayurbhanj district are also found participated in the elections of Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti, Zilla Parishad and also at the top level. At present a woman named Mrs. Draupadi Murmu is acting as Governor of the state of Jharkhand in India. Due to improvement of the communication facilities, many changes are found in the economic and political life of the Santals of Mayurbhanj district. The aim of this article is to highlight the political life of the Santals of the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha in Eastern India. Methodologically, both the primary and secondary sources have been used in writing of this article.
Why do Rural Households Diversify Non-Farm Employment? Evidence from Baksa District, Assam
Dr. Rahul Sarania
Abstract Rural nonfarm employment beyond agricultural diversification is affected by numerous and empirically unidentified factors in different rural space. Gathering primary data from 200 rural households located in Baksa district of Assam and using a logit model, this study explores the nature of rural nonfarm employment diversification strategy and identifies the underlying factors influencing households’ decision of participation in rural nonfarm strategy as primary employment. The survey results unveiled that rural nonfarm households diversify their employment more as self-employed strategy in nonfarm activity, earning higher income as compared to agricultural families. The empirical model estimated the results that participation in nonfarm activities by rural households was driven by both developmental and distress-push factors. Household income from agriculture, age and education level of the household head, and family size are significant development related factors and poverty of household and land ownership were statistically significant push factors determining households’ participation decision into nonfarm sector as primary employment strategy. The study suggests that government policies should pay more attention on education and skills of rural people, particularly youth population, enhancing agricultural productivity and proper implementation of rural employment and poverty alleviation schemes for realization of rural nonfarm diversification dynamic and productive that can ultimately target long run wellbeing of the rural masses.
Mukna: An Indigenous Game of the Manipuri
1Dr. M. Ninghaiba Singha 2Dr. H. Rajmani Singha 3Th. Kanchan Bala Singha
Abstract The Manipuri have fame for their rich cultural heritage. This cultural heritage played a very important role in founding the Manipur kingdom. This presupposes not only the possession of an advanced political culture but also a physical culture. An interesting fact in the physical culture of the Manipuri’s in the traditional or indigenous games. The different indigenous games such as Mukna, Khong-Kangjei, Sagol-Kangjei, Lamjel, Hiyang Lamjel, and Kang etc. may be traced in the ancient literary work and other chronicles. According to tradition and myth the origin of Mukna was closely related with the creation of the Manipuris(Meitei). Mukna was one of the oldest forms of wrestling practised by the Manipuris. IT generally regarded as one of the manliest of games has been perhaps with Manipuri from time immemorial. The word Mukna was the corruption of Mukna-Namba the meaning throwing the rival down to the ground with certain techniques. It was the belief of the Manipuries that this Mukna technique was invented by the gods. We try to focus in this paper the one of the oldest Manipuri indigenous game Mukna and its components in the culture of Manipuri.
Political Participation of Tribal a Study on Mayurbhanj District of Odisha
Bhajaman Soren Dr Tusarkanta Pattanaik
Abstract Tribal participation has always been an important step in the development of a group. Political participation is considered as one of the most important element of democratic polity. Without political participation government cannot be protected. The present study was an opportunity to change the extent of tribal political representation in both the working and the electoralprocess.The present study was a challenge to understand the extent of tribal political participation in the functioning of the panchayats as well as in the electoral process and the problems faced by them. This Article focuses on the critical tribal problem in terms of political participation in Odisha.Whereas the aiming to understand the position of locallevel tribal politics and their participation in the electoral process. Participation varies from person to person, group to groupand from community to community. Tribal political participation involves being able of tribals to participate equally at all levels, as well as all aspects of public and political life and statement.Although the political participation of tribal people is important for social development. The study is based on the participation of the tribal people in Odisha and Mayurbhanj.
Impact of internal control system on the financial performance of selected quoted brewery firms in Nigeria
Dr. Akinleye, Gideon Tayo 1. Ogunleye, Joshua Kehinde2
ABSTRACT The study examines the impact of interval control system on the financial performance of selected quoted brewery firms in Nigeria. To achieve the objective of this study, the research specifically looked at the role of control environment, control activities and monitoring on the financial performance of quoted brewery firms in Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design. The population chosen for this study was all four brewery firms quoted in the Nigeria Stock Exchange. The study used a sample of two brewery firms from a target population of four firms quoted in Nigeria Stock Exchange. The sample was drawn using simple random sampling technique. The study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire, while secondary data was obtained from financial statement of the sampled brewery firms. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using multiple regression statistical tools in SPSS (Statistical Packages for Social Sciences). The result of the analysis revealed that a significant change in financial performance of brewery firms is linked to internal control systems and this was because the p-value obtained (i.e, 0.0019, 0.005 and 0.006) respectively using multiple regression was lesser than the benchmark value of 5% specified in SPSS for the analysis. Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that there was significant relationship between internal control environment, control activities, monitoring and financial performance of listed brewery firms quoted in Nigeria Stock Exchange. Based on this result, the study recommended that interval control environment, control activities and monitoring be enhanced to further improve the financial performance of brewery firms quoted in Nigeria Stock Exchange and Management should develop strategies that will ensure that internal control system is effective and efficient, so that fraudulent practices in the organization will reduce to the barest minimum.
Impact of ICT on the Livelihoods of Students in Tamil Nadu: Some Reflections
Dr. R. Venkatesh
Abstract In today’s digital world, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its impact on every walks of life has been experienced by all over the world. It has influenced positively every aspect of human life and changed the way of both personal and social lives. It has undoubtedly become the vital factor of progress of nations, communities and individuals. In this background, to uplift the living conditions of poor students especially the rural poor, the Tamil Nadu Government has introduced an ICT based educational development scheme for promoting and protecting their livelihood opportunities. To know the length and breadth of the scheme, an evaluative study has been conducted to assess the impact of the scheme in the livelihoods of the rural students. The present study tries to make evidences on how ICT tools are enhancing the livelihoods of rural students.
Bacterial composition of roasted plantains and maize sold in Ado-Ekiti main Motor Park and their antibiotics sensitivity
Akharaiyi F.C.1 Ajibola Adebayo Thomas2 and Isunu Lucky Efe
Problem: Ready to eat foods are as important as home prepared meals because both are for nutrient requirements but the manners of ready to eat food preparation and microbial contamination is worrisome. Roasted plantains and maize desired by many Nigerian and are sold all over the country as local snacks to breach the gap between meals or may also be taking by some persons as full meal. Methodology: To evaluate the microbiological quality of these snacks sold at Ado Ekiti main Motor Park, 12 samples each were purchased from vendors and processed under aseptic condition. Finding: Bacterial counts (2.73×105 - 67×103 CFU/g) and coliform counts (33×103 - 10×103 CFU/g) in the plantains sample were higher than the counts from roasted maize (2.14×105 -65×103 CFU/g) and (29×103 - 2×103 CFU/g) respectively. Bacillus cereus was the most occurred bacteria among the isolates. P. aeruginosa was the most inhibited isolate by halo of 18 mm with cefuroxime and K. earogenes the least inhibited by halo of 1 mm with tetracycline and ofloxacin. Conclusion: Methods of displaying the snacks after preparation is unhygienic and could contribute immensely to the contamination of the products.
Impact of forest rights act among the tribal people in the Mayurbhanj of district, Odisha, India
Phulamani Soren Dr. Iswar Chandra Naik
The indigenous people of India, who have lived a life based on the natural environment and have cultural traditions that are congenial to their physical and social environment, are tribal peoples. The Government of India passed on scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, considering the disadvantages of forest dwelling groups (FRA). The goal of the act is to grant legal entitlement, empowerment and improvement of livelihoods through different provisions of the act, but this purpose has not been completely achieved due to a lack of adequate knowledge and impediments to implementation. The present study was conducted in the Odisha, Mayurbhanj tribal majority district, where FRA was introduced to enhance the social security and livelihood improvement of tribal forest dwelling populations. This research attempted to explain the status and development of the FRA in the district of Mayurbhanj along with its effect on the major tribal peoples. The evaluation of the impact on socio-economic and livelihood improvement was carried out on the basis of primary data collected from 150 households in four villages found in the study areas by the predominant communities. Forest Right Act, 2006 is the remedy by the legislation to the historical injustice to the forest dwellers. The Act made possible to create a balance between the needs of the lively forest dependent tribal and the developmental programs by the government and the democracy in the area of forest management. It is the main light of the FRA that they respect the freedom and rights of the forest dwellers who always been dependant on the vegetation found in the forests. According to this study in the state of Odisha, the FRA is promoted and the tribals were aware of their rights and benefits except a minority. The socio–economic and political developments are happening with the implementation of the FRA. The study recommends avoid passivity of the implementation and the passive attitude of the beneficiaries.
Dawah Approach Based onMaqasid al-Syariah in BuildingCommunity Well-Being
Abdul Ghafar Bin Don Anuar Puteh Ahmad Irdha Mokhtar
The agenda of building a community and their well-being need a particular approach, method or strategy which is in line with the background of the community. Community development is part of the agendas and responsibilities that the messengers of Allah have implemented in various ways, strategies and approaches.This article attempts to analyse how the 'Maqasid Syariah' through the elements of preserving religion (hifz al-din), soul (hifz al-nafs), intellect (hifz al-aql), offspring/progeny (hifz al-nasl) and property (hifz al-mal) can be an applied as amedium and approach of da’wah (the propagation of Islam) in the context of community development and promoting well-being.The methods used in the writing of the article refer to documents related to the subject of the study and are thematically analysed. The analysis of the study reveals that the da'wah based on the principle of maqasid syariahhas an important role and function in building the well-being society since the principle aim of the maqasid is to produce happiness, prosperity and better life for human life. The aforesaid elements of maqasid al-syaria’ah namely hifz al-din(preserving religion), hifz al-nafs(preserving soul/life), hifz al-aql(preserving intellect), hifz al-nasl(preserving offspring or human progeny and hifz al-mal(preserving property) are vital and could be a basis of da’wah approach in producing well-being in human life.
Adjustments and Emotional Maturity
Prostuti Gogoi
The present study was conducted the adjustment and emotional maturity of children between working and non working parents. The study was carried out on total 600 children selected randomly of 8th class from different schools of Sibsagar district, Assam. Out of 600 children, 300 children of working parents and 300 children of non working parents. The tools used for data collection were questionnaire, interview, self evaluation, observation technique etc. The investigator prepared a self structured questionnaire to collect the data from the respondents and it analysed in a tabulate form. After analysing data investigator also provides some suggestions to the working and non working parents for better adjustment of their children. Because the adjustment capabilities and emotional maturities are simultaneously differ from each other.
Promoting community participation and inter sectoral convergence to address health and its social determinants at community level Experience from the functioning of Gaon Kalyan Samiti in Odisha
Susanta Kumar Nayak Dr. Iswar Chandra Naik
Abstract: Community participation and intersectoral convergence is the key to address the issues related to health and its social determinants. Community based platforms plays an important role in facilitating involvement of community members in planning, implementation and monitoring of activities related to health and its social determinants. One such platform is Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committee (VHSNC) under National Health Mission (NHM) which is known as Gaon Kalyan Samiti (GKS) in the State of Odisha. As a community based platform, GKS has played an important role to undertake need based activities that affect the health and wellbeing of the community. This paper presents the role played by the GKS to promote community participation and intersectoral convergence while addressing issues related to health and its social determinants at community level.
The role of professional learning community as a mediatorin influencing the practice of Syura and teacher commitment in school
Noraziahbinti Ab Rahman Dr.Muhd Dzahir Bin Kasa
Syura practices, professional learning community (PLC) and teacher’s commitment are essential to produce quality schools and student outcome as set out in PPPM 2013-2025. In this regard, the study aimed to examine role of professional learning community (PLC) as mediators in influencing syura practiceand teacher’s commitment. The data for this survey was obtained from 450 teachers randomly selected from the national secondary school in Kelantan Darulnaim. The questionnaire used in this study was a combination of the syura practice instrument developed by Ahmad Marzuki (2013) based on Islamic leadership theory according to the Quran and al-Sunnah, SirahNabawiyyah and Ibn Taimiyyah (1992), School Professional Staff as Learning Community Questionnaire (Hord, 1996) translated into Malay and tuned to the culture in Malaysia, was based on five dimensions of professional learning community (PLC).The benchmark was set by NarongrithIntanam, SuwimonWongwanichandNattapornLawthong (2010) which was adapted from a study by Zuraidah (2009), and the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) to measure commitment, designed by (Allen, 2004); (Meyer & Allen, 2001) and used by Tahir (2012).The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that there was a significant mediator influence of the professional learning community on the relationship between syura practice and teacher’s commitment. In conclusion, such an orientation promotes syura practice effectively, enhances teacher’s ability through the professional learning community (PLC) and thus enhances teacher commitment to produce quality schools and student environments as stated in PPPM 2013-2025.
Multi vendor market place for local grocery shoppers using innovative design thinking approach
Sundararajan S Nandhini N
Shopping over internet has been increased drastically for the past few years, which is the outcome of advancement of Information Technology, reached the common man of the society. E-Commerce business is one such platform available today which made dramatic change in the purchasing power of the people. This project is an initiative to offer a platform for local grocery shoppers to connect with local customer for e-shopping. It is necessary today to take such new strategy in business by local traders, because of usage of smart mobile phones. The objective of this paper is to provide such solution using innovative customer centric approach, called design thinking. This problem solving approach encompasses all the components which are required to make a product for competitive world.
Sustainability reporting and firms financial performance (A study of selected manufacturing firms)
Dr. Olaoye, Festus . Oladipupo1. Ogunleye, Joshua Kehinde2
This paper examined the impact of Sustainability Reporting on Corporate Financial Performance of Selected Quoted Companies in Nigeria. The specific objectives are: to ascertain the impact of sustainability reporting on return on assets, return on equity and earnings per share of companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. This study employed ex-post facto research design. Data used for the study were sourced from annual reports and financial statements of the companies used in the study for the period 2006 to 2015. The sample for the study was made up of 10 companies selected from 64 non financial companies having sustainability reporting quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Multiple regression analysis technique run on SPSS was used to test the hypotheses formulated for the study. Findings revealed a positive relationship between return on assets, return on equity and sustainability reporting. No significant relationship was established between earnings per share and sustainability reporting. The study recommends that sustainability be made a compulsory and mandatory practice in Nigeria through legislation and the government should therefore encourage companies to adopt this reporting system through tax credit and other financial incentives.
Knowledge about menstruation among the girls before attaining Menarche (Pre-Menarche)
Debjani Dash
Introduction: Menarche in its simple word is the first occurrence of menstruation. Menarche is the first menstrual cycle, or first menstrual bleeding, in female humans. From both the social and medical perspectives, it is often considered the central event of female puberty, as it indicates the possibility of fertility and reproduction (which means giving birth) among the females. Girls experience menarche at different ages. . The normal age of menarche in adolescent’s girls is in between 12-18 years. But due to various unusual changing factors in the present context like changing of climate, foods, lots of mental and physical stress, major growth spurt, etc, the small girls between the age group 8-10 years starts attaining menarche of which they are fully unaware and unknown. Menstruation (monthly period) starts between 12 and 18 years of age. This is called menarche. This age may be different for every girl and by 45 years of age a woman stops having periods. This is called menopause. The time of menopause also varies. Socioeconomic background: Socio-economic background refers to an economic and sociological combination of total measure of a person’s work experience and of an individual’s or family’s economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education and occupation. It refers to the income level and lifestyles of the people living in a particular community or society. As such, in this study the socio-economic background of the respondents refers to those respondents who are small children of class V of Durgabari L.P. School, Digboi. Case studies: These case studies were taken place in Digboi, Durgabari LP School, under Tinsukia district. A session of two to three hours of the students of the LP school of class IV and V was taken place inside the school campus in the classroom. Individual study of each and every student was taken place separately. The students were also interested to take part in the session. They were curious to know about the topic and discussions. Though they were much younger and unknown to the topic but they showed kin interest throughout the entire session and cooperated and participated actively in the session. A total of three cases are elaborated in this study. Findings: The study was conducted in Durgabari L.P. School, Digboi with an objective to assess the knowledge about menstruation among the girls before attaining menarche. This study was conducted among the small girls belonging to class V of the school among the age group of 9-10 years. All over five girls were interviewed out of which the case studies were discussed about the three girls. After conducting the case studies of the three girls in detail it was seen that out of the three interviewed girls two girls did not had any knowledge about the knowledge of menstruation and attainment of menarche and one girl only who was of 10 years old had somewhat a bit of knowledge about menstruation but did not had any knowledge about the exact time and period of attainment of menarche. Suggestions: As there are lots of changes in today’s world and things are going forward day by day but the mindset of some of the rural women are still static. Old beliefs and traditions, superstitions, etc still exist in most part of the country. Due to these old beliefs and practices our country is still lagging behind. Most of the girls did not know the reason for having menstruation. This indicates that menstruation is still regarded as something impure in our society and the myths and misconceptions are running down the generations. Conclusions: Based on the above study and the findings, it was concluded that the small girls of class V of Durgabari L.P. School did not have any knowledge and sufficient information regarding menstruation and attainment of menarche. The main important factor of the study was that the mothers of the children were not up to date with the present day context for which they were still with those existing social taboos, superstition beliefs and practices.
Organizational Culture and EmployeeCommitment: A Case Study on Jigjiga University, Ethiopia
Ashenafi Dhaba Teklu
Culture, at the workplace, is a very powerful force, which is consciously and deliberately cultivated and is passed on to the incoming employees. It is the very thread that holds the organization together. The importance of corporate culture is emphasized by scholars who stated that, without exception, the dominance and coherence of culture proved to be an essential quality of the excellent companies. This study investigated the preferred as well as the existing organizational culture and employee commitment levels at a Jigjiga University. The research reviewed the various types of culture, how culture is created and ways in which culture can be sustained. Ways to cultivate employee commitment and retain skilled employees are also closely explored in this research study. The key results of the research findings revealed that there is a strong achievement culture prevalent at the company, with a good mix of the other culture types like, role culture, power culture and support culture. The employees at Jigjiga University also strongly prefer an achievement and support typeculture. Employee commitment is very low and employees stay with the company out of necessity.
Protean Orientation- Implications of Skewing from Mainstream Career
Dr. Salil Seth
Problem:As the knowledge intensive career domains observe a paradigm shift in the direction of self- driven career choice, it is imperative to decode such mental orientations which exude stark implications for business organizations. The desire to steer one’s own career that matches the Generation Y employees’ self- identity, self- interest, autonomy needs and stewardship towards achieving a quality work- life balance is what constitutes a ‘protean’ mental orientation. This is usually observed as a deviation from the mainstream career. However, this orientation cascades both positive and negative implications for the employees as well as the organizations harboring them. Objective: This conceptual paper aims to decode the implications of skewing from the mainstream career for employees who exhibit protean orientation. Design/ Methodology: The exploratory nature of the paper uses qualitative research (combination of conceptual framework analysis and grounded theory) to draw inferences by employing systematic search data mining techniques on various secondary sources of data. The inferential technique employed for arriving at conclusion is inductive in nature. Findings & Conclusion: At a time when Generation Y employees are constantly fatigued by series of identity changes and when job security and vertical success are losing their sheen, the Human Resource department needs to take cognizance of such protean orientation. The findings of the paper suggest that psychologically rewarding career is a key concern for employees so that they can perform optimally and exude organizational commitment. Any misfit in the mental contract between organization & employee could possibly lead to improper alignment thereby enhancing attrition rate. The paper holds promise for recruitment psychologists, HR professionals, job enthusiasts, strategic tankers and decision leaders to discern protean orientation & draw maximum mileage out of it for organizational and employee benefit.
Assessment of Teachers Knowledge With Respect to Gender at Secondary Level: A Comparative Study in Indian Context
Bechan Singh
Teachers’ knowledge can be enriched through self-upgrading and professional training. Their knowledge is highly responsible for professional development, especially atthe secondary level, with regard to gender, knowledge varied from person to person. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the knowledge of teachers in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Assam in India at the secondary level. The descriptive survey method applied to compare thesecondary school teachers of Assam and Uttar Pradesh with regard to gender and their knowledge in teaching profession. Stratified random sampling technique used to undertake the 100 secondary school teachers from Cachar district of Assam and 100 secondary school teachers of Allahabad district of Uttar Pradesh. After collecting the data from teachers about their knowledge in teaching profession, t-test and analysis of variance used to draw inferences. Based on these two analyses, a significant difference was found inteachers’ knowledge in Indian context at the secondary level. However, no significant difference was observedfor teachers’ knowledge with respect to gender.
Effect of internal control systems on revenue generation of Osun internal revenue services
G. Tayo, Akinleye and C. Segun, Afolabi
The study examined the effect of internal control systems on revenue generation. The main thrust of the study was to determine the effect of internal control systems on the revenue generation of Osun Internal revenue service (OIRS). The study made use of both primary and secondary data. The primary data was gotten through the administration of closed-end questionnaire administered on 123 sampled staff of OIRS out of which 117 returned and the secondary data via journals and related textbooks. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of statistical packages for social science (SPSS). Frequency and percentage were used to answer the bio-data of respondents, Pearson correlation used to examine the relationship between the predator variables and the outcome variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that the control environment exerted a positive and significant effect on revenue generation at OIRS to the tune of 0.542 (p=0.001<0.005). Other components of internal control systems were significant (control activities at 1.406, risk assessment at 2.041, information and communication at 2.709 and monitoring and evaluation at 1.551) where P=0.000<0.05. The study concluded that any increase in the control environment will lead to a corresponding increase in revenue generation. The study recommended that the management of the organization should constantly monitor and improve its system of internal control to adopt it with the changing business environments. Future works in the similar body in other states in Nigeria and other countries for comparisonand policy formations.
Impact of MGNREGA on Tribal livelihood: A study of keonjhar district of Odisha, India
Saraswati Majhi Dr. Iswar Chandra Naik
The major sources of livelihood of the tribes are food gathering, hunting, shifting cultivation, basket weaving, collection of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), which include bamboo, timber, medicinal herbs like Jhuna, Mahul, Lakha and Sal leaves etc. This paper is trying to explore that MGNREGA scheme is an integral tool for guaranteeing comprehensive development in tribal areas through its effect on social safety, security of living condition and majority rule strengthening. The paper evaluates the execution of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and its impact on tribal livelihood in the district of keonjhar. This act gives the tribal households the guarantee of employment. It empowers marginalized planning and by creating durable assets it ensures the security of livelihood.
Effect of Investment Opportunities and Challenge in case of Jig-Jiga Town. Somali Regional State, Ethiopia
Salah Hussein
This study was conducted with the general objective of assessing opportunities and challenges that are affecting investment in jig-jiga city. To reach at successful investigation stratified sampling method was used. The necessary data for the study was gathered by using both primary and secondary source of data. The primary data was collected by using questionnaires. The source for secondary data collected from different manuals reports of the organization documents, books and published and unpublished materials in addition; the researcher used descriptive techniques for analyzing the data. In general, this study had been arrived at a conclusion that there is good investment opportunity in jig-jiga town and there are challenges to be tackled by both the government and investors.
Practices Fuelling Positive Emotions Fosters Cognitive Strength and Well-Being: A Study Conducted In Education Sector, Kumoun Region, Uttarakhand
Ms. Chhavi Bhutiyani Dr. H. C. Kothari Dr. Deepika. S. Joshi
Abstract: The inspiration of mental well-being refers to favourable emotional functioning and understanding. The potential for this state of mind creating constructive emotions is revealed in the positive psychology representing that practicing certain virtues, such as mindfulness, gratitude as well as through intended activity, such as physical exercise and application of character strengths at workplace enhances cognitive strength and well-being. Positive Emotions foster psychological pliability and activates rising twirls toward improved Emotional Well-Being as depicted in Broaden-and-Build Theory Fredrickson (1998, 2001), referring that optimistic and pessimistic sentiments play diverse roles in individual processing and personal development. This theory estimates that Positive Emotions expands people’s thought-action stockpile and allows the effective construction of own possessions. These possessions include corporal, rational, social, and psychosomatic assets. When people are receptive towards fresh ideas and activities, they widen their possibilities to learn, and grow as individuals. The Present study, based on primary data, has been carried out to measure the perception of the respondents toward the variables contributing to the cognitive strength, well being and happiness. A questionnaire has been designed and administered on the respondents. A factor analysis was performed to extract the possible factors out of the scale developed to measure the perception of the respondents. Total three variables were extracted and further used in a regression model explaining the variability in the dependent variable influences cognitive strength, and well being of the human being. Results of regression analysis revealed significant impact of all three factors on cognitive strength, and well being. Study also examined that the perception of the respondents for all three factors is equal for all the given categories of the demographic variables.
Contract farming: the need for the state role as a facilitator
G. Surabi
Contract farming is gaining importance as a marketing alternative to small farmers in developing countries and India. The two models of contract farming prevalent in these counties are the intermediary and informal models. In the present scenario, where the state has been withdrawing from public investment in agriculture, this paper seeks to analyse why the state’s developmental role in the agriculture sector is even more significant. The paper reviews other articles and case studies on contract farming ventures in developing countries and India to discuss the four important criterion – ownership, voice, risk and returns. The paper shows how small farmers’ voice is not adequate in contract farming ventures and how it leads to situations where they are exploited. The study also highlights the state’s role in enhancing the farmers’ voice in these contract farming ventures. The missing markets for inputs and infrastructure and the information asymmetries present in developing countries’ agriculture sector have resulted in the exploitation of small farmers in contract farming ventures. The state’s facilitating role is criticalin enhancing the farmers’ voice and protecting the small farmers’ interest.
Rehearsing indigenous knowledge and culture to adapt strategies to fight against recurrent drought: A Study on Pastoral Community in Harshin District, Somali Region, Ethiopia
Mr. Abdurehman Mektal Weli1 Dr. Partha Sarathi Bhattacharjee 2
Pastoralists are nature lovers and their livelihood mainly depends upon the products and productivity of domestic animals like cattle, camels, goats, sheep, and donkeys etc.Rehearsing indigenous knowledge and culture to adapt strategies for fighting against recurrent droughts is a touchy ethnic sentiments among pastoral community in Ethiopia in general and Harshin District (Woreda) in particular. Continuous droughts since two decades in this region have not only valued their indigenous knowledge to sustain in the foulest situation but also developed their cultural values that are seen through study. Harshin Districtin the Somali region is one of the districtswith large number of pastoral community suffers severely from recurrent droughts since last two decades and so. Recurrent droughts not only deteriorated the ecosystemsand livelihoodassets butalso jeopardized sustainable livelihoodspatterns of the pastoralists. To fight with these situationstheyhave been developing local adaptive strategies and indigenous mechanisms or strategies according to the changing environment and local conditions. Therefore, this study is an attempt to bring together various issues and challenges faced by the pastoral community due to recurrent droughts in the study area and finding lasting solutions through analyzing their adaptive strategies and copying mechanisms.
Centre-State relations with special reference to Assam
Dr. Bidhan Barman
It is generally assumed that during the period when the constitution was being framed, there was a consensus and even a near unanimity in the country in favour of a strong central government. But after independence, demands for greater autonomy for the provinces were heard. In fact, the emergence of a new type of leadership and region-oriented elite in the states has acquired new political dimensions in terms of Centre-State relations. Since the mid-sixties, the regional, linguistic and other parochial forces have become fairly articulate and acquired much importance affecting the functioning of our federal system. It would therefore, be interesting to investigate whether some of these forces are new or they existed, albeit in a rudimentary form, particularly when the constitution was being framed. In order to investigate this matter, we have to examine the attitude of the regional elite towards the nature of federal polity in India, which was being visualized in 1946-1950. The present paper is an attempt to understand the attitude of the Assamese elite on this issue. 196-203
Evaluating the Factors Influencing the Level of Compliance to COVID-19 Preventive Measures Between City and Lesser City Dwellers in Osun State, Nigeria
Sanni, Kamorudeen Taiwo
The study’s broad objective was to evaluate factors influencing the level of compliance to COVID-19s’ preventive measures between city and lesser city dwellers in Osun State, Nigeria. In the light of this, four specific objectives were deduced for achievement coupled with four research questions respectively. Descriptive survey research design was employed. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the study location, while simple random sampling technique was employed to select one-thousand and one hundred (1,100) respondents across the sampled cities. A face and content validated structured research instrument tagged ‘Level of Compliance to Preventive Measures of COVID-19Questionnaire (LCPM-COVID-19) having reliability coefficient of 0.71 obtained from Split-half technique was applied to obtain information from the respondents. The administration of the research instrument which was carried out by four trained research assistants took place immediately after the Osun state government gave directive towards relaxing the lockdown of the residents within the state. The raw data obtained from the field were analysed with the aid of inferential and descriptive statistical tools. The empirical outcomes revealed that the compliance level with regards to enforcement of social distancing, usage of cloth face mask, avoidance of social gathering and abeyance of the lockdown directive among cities and lesser cities residents was highly encouraging, while residents of cities exhibited high degree of compliance with frequent hand washing under running water and use of hand sanitizer compared with their lesser cities counterparts. It is also discovered that gender traits of the residents has nothing to do with their compliance level to COVID-19s’ preventive measures, while, there wassignificant difference in the level of compliance towards COVID-19preventive measures when educational status of the respondents was taking into cognisance but in favour of residents having formal education beyond secondary school status. Recommendations comprising attitudinal changes on the side of lesser city dwellers, provision of necessary devices towards observation of preventive measures by relevant stakeholders and putting a check on visiting relative or business associate residing in cities during the pandemic.
Digital payment penetration in the State of Kerala- An exploratory review
Lakshmi Padmakumari &N Chandrasekaran
Research problem:This paper explores the existing studies to understand the level of awareness and penetration of the cashless mode of transactions in India, with a particular focus on the economy of Kerala. Methodology:This study is purely exploratory in nature aimed at reviewing major studies that focus on the level of the digital penetration in the context of state of Kerala and also to understand the major deterrents on the path Findings:A review of the existing studies showed that the digitization drive gained momentum post demonetization and, more so during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. However, despite this, Kerala demonstrated limited adoption, mainly with most of the population still preferring cash mode of transactions. The studies showed that some of the roadblocks in the cashless drive are security concerns, lack of adequate IT and physical infrastructure, ease of transacting, to name a few. Conclusion:Kerala, being a financially literate state, is yet to adopt this cashless drive. Measures need to be adopted to bring in the proper infrastructure. More awareness campaigns need to be conducted to eliminate the fear of security breaches to ensure the full-fledged adoption of the cashless campaign in Kerala.
Integrating competitive strategy with knowledge management for organizational performance- An Implementation Perspective
Uusha Patel,Dr.Deepika S Joshi
Today world has witnessed a significant change happened over a period of time. It is due to the quest for knowledge on the part of individuals and organizations. Knowledge is considered as important and valuable resource. Managing knowledge can work as connecting variable between competitive advantage and organizational performance. Today managers are finding knowledge management key and tools to manage knowledge are having capability to create uncontested market space21 and have serious concern to manage knowledge. Flows and structures of knowledge in business are very complex. The objective of this research , when in today’s rapidly changing world and competition intensive environment organizations are deploying and utilizing capital intensive systems and technology driven products with information technology based computer infrastructure, is to propose the implementation of knowledge management systems to improve the performance of organization by aligning strategic competitive intent with knowledge management strategy. Strategic competitive intent, knowledge management strategy, organizational performance and implementation techniques are main parameters taken to produce implementable perspective.
Irrigation infrastructure and rural development: a study in Karbi Anglong autonomous council area of Assam
Mousumi Gogoi 1 & Dr. Utpal Deka2
Rural infrastructure plays a pivotal role in socio-economic status of rural population. Irrigation infrastructure has paramount importance in improving agricultural productivity, cropping pattern and crop diversity which results in well-being of rural community. This paper makes an analysis about the status of irrigation infrastructure and its impact on agricultural activities in the rural areas administered by Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council. The study has used both primary data and secondary data for a period of five years from 2013-14 to 2017-18. The paper finds no significant impacts of existing irrigation plants on income and agricultural activities of rural population. It also finds that maintenance of irrigation plants is not enough and strong. There is lack of good maintenance system of existing irrigation system.
Environmental Stewardship as a spinoff of Green Marketing post COVID-1
Dr. Salil Seth
Problem:For long, marketers have been emphasizing on adoption of eco- friendly products which were observed as under-performing and often price- inflated. Consumers were clouded with scepticism pertaining to green marketing interventions. This doubt proved to be a deterrent in the way Green marketing aspired to percolate in the market. A much needed ecological blow was needed to put the consumers mind on the track of environmental responsibility. The advent of Corona virus disease (COVID- 19) as a pandemic created trepidations in this direction. In the light of lockdown and amongst all hue and cry observed globally, it is the eco- system that has unearthed a new lease of life and undergoing a reboot. As witnesses to a clean unpolluted environment, the consumers are now slated towards environmental responsibility and are appreciating the urge to keep the ecological system balanced. Nature conservationists and advocates of green marketing are ready to find opportunities in the face of a pandemic challenge like COVID-19. Environment stewardship has emerged as a spinoff of Green marketing that will last post COVID- 19. This paper attempts to find how ecological stewardship has emerged as a positive outcome of green marketing after the COVID-19 pandemic gradually withdraws from mother earth. Design/ Methodology:Conceptual framework analysis has been employed to draw inferences from reliable secondary data source repositories. The deductions drawn in the paper are inductive in nature and are an outcome of systematic search data mining technique.
ICT awareness among the provincialised college teachers of Nagaon district, Assam, India
Pritilata Pegu Doley,
The present study deals with the awareness level and different types of ICT used by the provincialised college teachers of Nagaon district of Assam. It also aims to find out the effect of gender, age, location of college, teaching experience and stream of the teachers with regard to the awareness and use of Information and communication technology. Quantitative descriptive research method was employed which involves the actual survey of the identified respondents in the present study. Sample of 120 were selected for the present study from six colleges of Nagaon district of Assam, India. Self-structured questionnaire was employed to collect data which includes two sections of items. The questionnaire was analyzed with average and simple percentage. To investigate the different uses of ICT by the 120 teachers, Mean, SD, t-test is used to analyze the collected data. It is found from the study that the awareness level of the teachers of provincialised colleges is average. It is also found that there is no significant difference in the scores of the male and female teachers regarding the use of ICT, there is no significant difference in the Arts and Science teachers of provincialised colleges, no significant difference in the Arts and Science teachers and the age group of 30-45 are better in the use of ICT than the age group of 45-60 years.
Nationalism and Internationalism in India
Dr. Amrita Dey
Nationalism in India was born out of the bondage of a country subjected to foreign rule and the internal loss of self-confidence that went with such a rule. The freedom struggle that followed was understood to be Indian nationalism, not Hindu or Muslim or any kind of religious or other nationalism primarily aimed to ensure the welfare of all citizens and their entitlement to justice and human rights. The present paper examines this evolution of nationalism in India as a freedom struggle against the British and then as a democratic process to give every Indian a voice in decision-making in free India. But what has been noticed over the years is a steady regression in secularism where individual rights were compromised, then as a struggle for power in party circles and finally in the name of religion. To the extent that today’s nationalism in India is perceived more as an imposed ‘feeling’--- a feeling that has equally impacted the country’s image outside home; despite promising strides to transform India from a ‘balancing’ to a ‘leading’ power internationally.Being normative in nature the paper borrows citation mostly from secondary sources of information, including books, journals and e-sources for current affairs.It tries to incorporate two formal discussions on Nationalism and International status of India which is part of the curriculum at UG-level in college/universities.
Media Role and Perception of the Rural Dwellers on COVID-19: A case study of Selected communities in Edo State, Nigeria
Obasanmi, O. Jude, PhD, Egielewa, E. Peter, PhD
This study investigates how 857 rural dwellers in nine selected communities in Edo State, Nigeria received information on COVID-19 and how this affected their economic situation. The study employs the descriptive research design and was based on the Framing Theory. The study found out that rural dwellers got their COVID-19 information mainly from Social Media Radio and friends. The study also found out that COVID-19 affected the rural dwellers economically and as a consequence, they had to cut down on their expenses. The study recommends that the Government should support its citizens during a health pandemic such as COVID-19.
Effect of financial performance on the survival of quoted brewery industries in Nigeria
F. O. Olaoye and C.S. Afolabi
This study investigated the effect of financial performance on the survival of quoted Brewery industries in Nigeria. The period under review spans from 2008-2017. Data collected were analyzed using a random effect model and fixed effect model of panel data regression. The study revealed that when heterogeneity effect across firms and over time is incorporated into the model via the error term, both financial leverage and solvency exert a negative effect on the return on assets of the Brewery Industries in Nigeria, though the effect is only significant for financial leverage that stood at -0.2061(p=0.000<0.05) as against the estimate of solvency that stood at -0.0143(p=0.718>0.05). The study also revealed that liquidity exerts a positive and significant effect on the return on assets of the Brewery Industries in Nigeria to the tune of 0.6193(p=0.718>0.05). The study concluded that solvency exerts a negative effect on the return on assets of the Brewery Industries in Nigeria. This reflects that the solvency position of Brewery Industries in Nigeria negatively impacts the profitability level. The study, therefore, recommended that the survival of firms is associated with concern abilities to generate profit, increase the value of invested capital and repay its short and long-term liabilities. There is a dire need for prediction of survival status of a corporate entity from time-to-time since the results of corporate financial failure lead to loss of corporate existence. Thus, accurately predicting corporate survival status to time will help stakeholders (managers, shareholders, government, suppliers, employees and others) in making an informed decision.
Impact of visual merchandising elements on apparel buying behaviors among medical professional Jodhpur city
Dr. Neelam Agrawal
The research is focused to study the elements of visual merchandising and to define which visual merchandising elements makes highest impact the buying behavior among the medical professionals working at Jodhpur city. The questionnaires are made and presented in this article includes the elements of store exterior, location selection, and interior, and which of these elements are most important for medical professionals behavior of making a purchase. The visual merchandising elements are broadly divided into two major categories. The first is, store exterior and the second is store interior. At organized retail sector, visual merchandising elements play a major role in attracting customers and to increase the sales. This research has been carried out at branded apparel stores in different locations of Jodhpur city. The questionaries’ had been given to medical professionals working in hospitals and medical colleges. Profession changes the behavior of a person and changes the pattern of shopping and effects the selection of products. The focus of the paper is to find this pattern and elements which has attracted the medical professional the most.
Implementation of Non-Verbal Communication inDakwahbi al-Hal towards Orang Asli Community in Malaysia
Abdul Ghafar Don
Non-verbalcommunication is a form of communication sign without speech.Examplesof this type ofcommunication that takes place between one person and another is include facial expressions, body gestures and so on.Whereas bi al-halda'wah is a form of da'wah which also depends on its implementation on non-verbal aspects of communication.It refers to situations or circumstances in which a preacher can deliver his preaching in various forms without relying much on verbal communication. These situations can be seen for example through personal behaviour, social works, welfare and others. This article attempts to discuss how da’wahbi al-hal is carried out through non-verbal communication. The method used to address this issue is through document analysis related to the subject of the study.Thematic analysis method is used to clarify the issue of discussion related to da’wahbi al hal in non-verbal communication. The study found that the da’wahbi al hal as a part of non-verbal communication can be implemented through several forms, namely leadership by example, welfare and social service, and economy and entrepreneurship. As for the implementation of da’wahbi al hal among Orang Asli communities in Malaysia, several methods are considered to be related and applicable such as education, economy, and welfare.
Trend and Differentials of Age at Menopause and its Association with Anaemia
Brijesh P. Singh1 & Gunjan Singh2
Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation and difficult to identify the exact age at which menopause occurs, since it happens gradually and even post menopausal female do not remember the correct age at menopause. In fact, paying attention to age at menopause and the factors affecting it in Uttar Pradesh, India, will help us in promoting female’s health as early menopause increases risk of cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis, and late menopause increases risk of breast and endometrial cancer. In the present study an attempt has been made to observe the level of menopause and determine of age at menopause over the time by using NFHS-I and III data. Menopause occurs significantly late in anemic (30 percent less) and contraceptive users (61 percent less) but it is significantly occur early in alcoholic (49 percent more) and underweight females (47 percent more).
Migration and communication: An analysis of how refugees in Bonn Germany use the smartphone
Egielewa, Peter Eshioke
Human migration has become a global phenomenon. With 258 million migrants around the world as of 2018and 70.8 million of these being refugees, migration issues have become a public discourse.Even though 34% of the global audience believe that global migration should be reduced, 20.4 million refugees find themselves in foreign countries. An important factor for refugees is how they communicate using their smartphoneswhile in their host countries. Using descriptive research design and deploying questionnaire to elicit responses from 48 purposively refugees in the German city of Bonn,and hinged on the Migration Network theory, this research finds out that refugees use their smartphones mostly to communicate with their families and getting information about their home countries. The research recommends that further research be conducted on how refugees in foreign countries communicate with host citizens.
Drainage characterization of Surana Tons watershed Doon valley
1Anju Panwar,1 Pratibha Naithani, 1 Pradeep Sharma
The Surana Tons watershed is one of the foremost water courses flowing in Doon valley in central part of dehradun. The watershed is divided in to 10 sub watershed Surana Tons/ Rami Rao ,Surana Tona/Biras Rao, Surana Tona/Nimi Nadi, Surana Tona/Nanota Nadi, Surana Tona/Jajhara, Surana Tona/Surana Nadi, Surana Tona/Bains Wala Rao, Surana Tona/Nun Nadi, Surana Tona/Karwa Pani, Surana Tona/Ramgarh.The morphometric paramentrs of surana tons watershed were measured using remote sensing and GIS technique and the quantitative analysis of watershed development of the watershed and its 10 sub watershed was carried out using LISS III, Landsat ASTER ( DEM) data and survey of India Toposheets. The Drainage orientation data suggest a poly modal circulation. The shape of a watershed is somewhat proportioned having high, moderate slope to low slope , dendrite pattern ,high values of drainage density ,stream frequency and bifurcation ratio. The bifurcation ratio and high drainage density indicate limited association amongst hydrographic networks. The study shows that the area has favorable form for ground water recharging and soil conservation for sustainable development of watershed. The dissimilar morphometric limits have been interrelated by every new to know their primary association and control over the basin hydro geomorphology. The result thus generated provides satisfactory information base required for finale making through premeditated development and demarcation of prioritized vulnerability management areas in hilly topographies.
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